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Aims To evaluate the pattern of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in patients with neurological disease in the setting of a rehabilitation service in a developing country, and analyze causes for unexpected lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods Patients with neurological disorders and having significant LUTS were prospectively evaluated. Level of neurological lesion was localized by neurological examination and investigations. LUTD was evaluated by symptom analysis, bladder diaries and ultrasonography. Storage symptoms were managed using antimuscarinic medications and voiding dysfunction, when significant, was managed by catheterization and patients were regularly followed up. Patients with symptoms that had not been expected based upon their level of neurological lesion were further evaluated. Results Fifty patients (mean age 43.5 ± 18.3 years) were included and according to neurological localization, were categorized into suprapontine (n = 9; 18%), infrapontine/suprasacral (n = 25; 50%) or infrasacral (n = 16; 32%) groups. Incontinence was more common in patients with suprapontine and infrapontine/suprasacral lesions (n = 20) ( P < 0.03), hesitancy more common with infrapontine/suprasacral lesions (n = 20) ( P = 0.004) and retention more with infrasacral lesions (n = 13) ( P < 0.001). Patients belonging to suprapontine and infrapontine/suprasacral groups more likely showed improvement at follow up ( P = 0.008). Fourteen patients (28%) had unexpected LUTS and this was due to urological causes (n = 6) or multiaxial neurological involvement (n = 8). Potentially treatable factors were managed, resulting in symptom relief. Conclusion LUTS in neurological disease may be at variance with the pattern expected based upon level of neurological lesion. Such patients may require further evaluation and consideration should be given to concomitant urological conditions and multiaxial neurological involvement. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:378-381, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric symptoms among medical in-patients in an Indian hospital were assessed: the SRQ was used as a screening instrument, and those with probable psychiatric disorders were given the PSE and MSE, for further, detailed assessment. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 34%, with a further 15% reporting distressing psychiatric symptoms only. The most frequent complaints were delirium and adjustment disorders. They were largely associated with connective tissue, as well as cardiovascular and endocrine, disorders, and were characterised by depression, worrying and irritability. The reliability of the SRQ varied with the cut-off score, which gave optimal specificity and sensitivity when set at 9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]