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AbstractWidespread innovation from artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) tools presents a lucrative opportunity for the nuclear industry to improve state-of-the-art analyses (e.g. condition monitoring, remote operation, etc.) due to increased data visibility. In recent years, the risk posed by collaborative data exchange has received increased attention due, in part, to a potential adversary’s ability to reverse-engineer intercepted data using domain knowledge and AI/ML tools. While the efficacy of typical encryption has been proven during passive communication and data storage, collaborative exchange typically requires decryption for extended analyses by a third-party, which poses an intrinsic risk due to these trustworthiness concerns. The directed infusion of data (DIOD)11 A.Al Rashdan and H.Abdel-Khalik, Deceptive Infusion of Data, Non-Provisional Patent, Application No. 63/227,389, September 2022. paradigm presented in this paper discusses a novel data masking technique that relies on preserving the usable information of proprietary data while concealing its identity via reduced-order modeling. In contrast to existing state-of-the-art data masking methods, DIOD does not impose limiting assumptions, computational overheads, or induced uncertainties, thereby allowing for secure and flexible data-level security that does not alter the inferential content of the data. This paper focuses on the application of DIOD to a process-based simulation wherein a leaking reservoir with a controlled inlet pump is simulated under various experimental conditions with the goal of producing masked data that preserve the information given by anomalies. These experiments included the injection of statistically significant anomalies, subtle anomalies that occurred over an extended period, and the addition of several independent anomalous states. Each experiment showed that a classifier will identify the same anomalies whether it analyzes the original or masked data. An additional experiment also tested the case of corrupted labeling information wherein labels were arbitrarily randomized, and the loss in labeling accuracy was about the same for both datasets. Each of these experiments show that data obfuscated by DIOD may be utilized in the place of real data for a variety of condition monitoring scenarios with no loss in performance.A.Al Rashdan and H.Abdel-Khalik, Deceptive Infusion of Data, Non-Provisional Patent, Application No. 63/227,389, September 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piscine red blood cells (RBC) are nucleated and have been characterized as mediators of immune responses in addition to their role in gas exchange. Salmonid RBC are major target cells of Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1), the etiological agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). PRV-1 replicates in RBC ex vivo, but no viral amplification has been possible in available A. salmon cell lines. To compare RBC basal transcripts and transcriptional responses to PRV-1 in the early phase of infection with non-susceptible cells, we exposed A. salmon RBC, Atlantic salmon kidney cells (ASK) and Salmon head kidney cells (SHK-1) to PRV-1 for 24 h. The RNAseq analysis of RBC supported their previous characterization as pluripotent cells, as they expressed a wide repertoire of genes encoding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), cytokine receptors, and genes implicated in antiviral activities. The comparison of RBC to ASK and SHK-1 revealed immune cell features exclusively expressed in RBC, such as genes involved in chemotactic activity in response to inflammation. Differential expression analysis of RBC exposed to PRV-1 showed 46 significantly induced genes (≥ 2-fold upregulation) linked to the antiviral response pathway, including RNA-specific PRRs and interferon (IFN) response factors. In SHK1, PRV induced a more potent or faster antiviral response (213 genes induced). ASK cells showed a differential response pattern (12 genes induced, 18 suppressed) less characterized by the dsRNA-induced antiviral pathway. Despite these differences, the RIG-I-like receptor 3 (RLR3) in the family of cytosolic dsRNA receptors was significantly induced in all PRV-1 exposed cells. IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was significantly induced in RBC only, in contrast to IRF3/IRF7 induced in SHK-1. Differences in IRF expression and activity may potentially affect viral propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]