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Autoimmune diseases hold significant importance in the realm of medical research, prompting a thorough exploration of potential therapeutic interventions. One crucial aspect of this exploration involves understanding the intricate processes of histone acetylation and deacetylation. Histone acetylation, facilitated by histone acetyl transferases (HATs), is instrumental in rendering DNA transcriptionally active. Conversely, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are responsible for the removal of acetyl groups, influencing gene expression regulation. The upregulation of HDACs, observed in various cancers, has steered attention towards histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as promising anti-cancer agents. Beyond cancer, HDACi has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, prompting interest in their potential therapeutic applications for inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA, characterized by the immune system erroneously attacking healthy cells, leads to joint inflammation. Recent studies suggest that HDACi could offer a viable therapeutic strategy for RA, with potential mechanisms including the inhibition of synovial tissue growth and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, HDACi may exert protective effects on bone and cartilage, common targets in RA pathology. In-depth investigations through in vivo and histopathology studies contribute to the ongoing discourse on the therapeutic benefits of HDACis in the context of RA treatment., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Aberrant expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and ribonucleotide reductase (RR) enzymes are commonly observed in various cancers. Researchers are focusing on these enzymes in cancer studies with the aim of developing effective chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer treatment. Targeting both HDAC and RR simultaneously with a dual HDAC/RR inhibitor has exhibited enhanced effectiveness compared to monotherapy in cancer treatment, making it a promising strategy., Objectives: The objective of the study is to synthesize and assess the anti-cancer properties of a 1,10-phenanthroline-based hydroxamate derivative, characterizing it as a novel dual HDAC/RR inhibitor., Methods: The N 1 -hydroxy-N 8 -(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)octanediamide (PA), a 1,10-phenanthroline-based hydroxamate derivative, was synthesized and structurally characterized. The compound was subjected to in vitro assessments of its anti-cancer, HDAC, and RR inhibitory activities. In silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations were further studied to explore its interactions with HDACs and RRM2., Results: The structurally confirmed PA exhibited antiproliferative activity in SiHa cells with an IC 50 of 16.43 μM. It displayed potent inhibitory activity against HDAC and RR with IC 50 values of 10.80 μM and 9.34 μM, respectively. Co-inhibition of HDAC and RR resulted in apoptosis-induced cell death in SiHa cells, mediated by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In silico docking studies demonstrated that PA can effectively bind to the active sites of HDAC isoforms and RRM2. Furthermore, PA demonstrated a more favorable interaction with HDAC7, displaying a docking score of -9.633 kcal/mol, as compared to the standard HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), which exhibited a docking score of -8.244 kcal/mol against HDAC7., Conclusion: The present study emphasizes the prospect of designing a potential 1,10-phenanthroline hydroxamic acid derivative as a novel dual HDAC and RR-inhibiting anti-cancer molecule., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in traditional medicinal practices such as Ayurveda, which emphasizes the use of natural ingredients for various therapeutic purposes. Vegetable oils are an integral part of our diet and have several applications in the cosmetics and healthcare industries. These oils have also been prescribed in ancient Ayurveda texts to treat various health problems. Ayurveda prescribes a processing technique called 'Murchana' to improve the therapeutic nature of the oils. Spectroscopic techniques have been used for quality assessment in many fields. High sensitivity and a low detection rate make spectroscopy a formidable analytical technique. This study focusses on the spectroscopic analysis of sesame and mustard oils prepared using the ayurvedic processing method 'Murchana'. Spectroscopic analysis techniques including UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy were employed to study the oils. Origin software was used to plot graphs of the spectra. The results indicated that the murchana process may reduce the components of the oil responsible for its oxidation, thereby increasing the shelf life of the oils. However, further investigations, including other spectroscopy and chromatography techniques, will prove beneficial in ascertaining the effects of the murchana process on vegetable oils. The study's findings also suggest that spectroscopic techniques can be used to supplement chemical techniques to investigate the characteristics of vegetable oils., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Histiocytosis represents a group of uncommon disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of specialized immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, or monocyte-derived cells, in various tissues and organs. Over 100 distinct subtypes have been documented, each displaying a broad spectrum of clinical presentations and histological characteristics. Till today, histiocytosis has been addressed through a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, with varying responses from individual patients. Due to its atypical symptoms, it has been prone to misdiagnosis. Advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular aspects of these conditions are paving the way for improved diagnostic methods and targeted therapies. Researchers have extensively investigated various mutations in patient samples. However, no paper has yet provided a comprehensive summary of the collective analysis of mutations and pathways. Hence, this paper consolidates research efforts that specifically concentrate on gene mutations identified in patient samples of different subtypes of histiocytosis. These insights are essential for developing targeted therapies and improving diagnosis. Further, it provides potential insights to enhance the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for rare diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s).)