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Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh alanin-glutamin dipeptida 7% terhadap perbaikan fungsi hipokampus melalui pengamatan beberapa parameter kinerja motorik seperti jarak tempuh (JT), waktu stereotipe (WT), waktu ambulatori (WA), dan waktu istirahat (WI). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan alanin-glutamin dipeptida 7% selama 12 hari pada tikus umur 12 dan 24 bulan yang mengalami penuaan fisiologis dan penuaan akibat stres oksidatif. Pengamatan terhadap semua parameter kinerja motorik dilakukan dengan alat Opto-Varimex yang dikoneksikan dengan software Autotract. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan alanin-glutamin dipeptida 7% berpengaruh terhadap perbaikan kinerja motorik pada kondisi penuaan fisiologis dan penuaan akibat stres oksidatif.

The Al-Anshar Foundation is an institution currently undertaking various projects and initiatives in the fields of education, social welfare, health, economics, culture, and public health. One of the business units managed by the foundation is the Ikhwan Meatball business, which is currently facing challenges such as limited production and market reach due to the short shelf life of the meatballs produced at room temperature. In this community engagement activity, a team consist of lecturers in the fields of chemical engineering and agriculture, was making efforts to assist the partner in addressing these challenges by equipping them with knowledge and skills to use liquid smoke from coconut shell as a natural preservative in meatball production. The activities included coordination with relevant parties, assistance in liquid smoke production, training on liquid smoke usage, product’s packaging improvement, and monitoring and evaluation. This initiative has yielded positive impacts, including an increase in the partner's skills in producing liquid smoke, a better understanding of the partner regarding the utilization of liquid smoke in meatball production, and an extension of the product's shelf life.

Abstract Trypanosoma evansi is reportedly divided into two genotypes: types A and B. The type B is uncommon and reportedly limited to Africa: Kenya Sudan, and Ethiopia. In contrast, type A has been widely reported in Africa, South America, and Asia. However, Trypanosoma evansi type non-A/B has never been reported. Therefore, this study aims to determine the species and genotype of the Trypanozoon subgenus using a robust identification algorithm. Forty-three trypanosoma isolates from Indonesia were identified as Trypanosoma evansi using a molecular identification algorithm. Further identification showed that 39 isolates were type A and 4 isolates were possibly non-A/B types. The PML, AMN-SB1, and STENT3 isolates were likely non-A/B type Trypanosoma evansi isolated from buffalo, while the PDE isolates were isolated from cattle. Cladistic analysis revealed that Indonesian Trypanosoma evansi was divided into seven clusters based on the gRNA-kDNA minicircle gene. Clusters 6 and 7 are each divided into two sub-clusters. The areas with the highest genetic diversity are the provinces of Banten, Central Java (included Yogyakarta), and East Nusa Tenggara. The Central Java (including Yogyakarta) and East Nusa Tenggara provinces, each have four sub-clusters, while Banten has three.

Teachers are the key to the success of a nation in improving the quality of life of its people in the future. This research aims to find research gaps with previous research which makes four main points to be used as questions in this research, namely 1. Analyzing the characteristics of millennial employees, work culture, and personal job fit towards lecturer competence. 2. Analyzing millennial employees, work culture, and personal job fit on lecturer performance 3. Analyzing lecturer competency on lecturer performance 4. Analyzing the extent to which the role of lecturer competence mediates the characteristics of millennial employees, work culture, and personal job fit on lecturer performance. This research method uses quantitative research with an explanatory research approach. The number of samples in this study was 105 selected using the census method. To test the hypothesis in this study, structural equation model analysis techniques were used. The results of this research show that the findings show that efforts to increase Employee Engagement through millennial employee characteristics, work culture, and personal job Fit have the potential to make a positive contribution to improving employee performance. The following recommendations are for teachers to increase employee engagement, so teachers need to be focused and stimulated to encourage teachers to be more innovative in their work so they can improve teacher performance and for future researchers to evaluate the variables of this research on different populations and increase the population size.

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic affects several aspects of food safety and food delivery hygiene for online food delivery applications (OFDAs). Several previous studies conducted at various times during the COVID-19 pandemic have yielded interesting results. This study aimed to determine and analyze whether perceptions of food safety and food delivery hygiene are short-term and long-term predictors of behavioral intention to use OFDAs. Methods: A quantitative approach and structural modeling were used in this study. SmartPLS is used to analyze five direct and two mediating effects of the variables used in this study. The data sample consists of OFDA users in Greater Jakarta during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Perceived food safety has a significant effect on behavioral intention to use these applications but does not affect behavioral intention to continue using these applications. Perceived food delivery hygiene does not influence using these apps for either short-term or long-term behavioral purposes. Experience with these apps related to food safety and food delivery hygiene during a pandemic can be indicative of their long-term viability. The mediating effect of behavioral intention to use on behavioral intention to continue using these apps affects perceived food safety but not food delivery hygiene. Conclusion: By emphasizing vaccination and boosting against COVID-19, providing hand sanitizer, and preserving the cleanliness and integrity of food packaging, the findings of this study can be put into practice towards the sustainable usage of OFDAs.

Kelor (Moringa oleifera) diketahui memiliki kandungan nutrien lengkap dan kaya antioksidan serta memiliki potensi sebagai aditif pakan untuk memperbaiki kinerja reproduksi puyuh. Ukuran anatomi, histomorfometri, dan profil histologi oviduk merupakan indikator yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kinerja reproduksi puyuh periode produksi. Riset ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memberi analisis ukuran anatomi, histomorfometri, dan profil histologi oviduk puyuh periode produksi setelah diberi imbuhan aditif pakan tepung daun kelor. Desain riset ini dilakukan dengan acak lengkap yang meliputi 5 perlakuan, masing-masing perlakuan diulang 9 kali. Hewan uji yang digunakan adalah puyuh betina umur 20 hari yang berjumlah 45 ekor. Perlakuan terdiri atas P0 (kontrol) berupa pakan standar tidak diberi aditif pakan tepung kelor dan perlakuan aditif pakan tepung daun kelor dalam pakan standar, masing-masing dengan kadar 2,5% (P1); 5% (P2); 7,5% (P3) 10% (P4) per bobot pakan. Variabel penelitian yang diukur meliputi ukuran oviduk, antara lain bobot total oviduk, panjang oviduk, infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina. Variabel histomorfometri, meliputi tebal lapisan muskularis, tinggi, dan lebar kelenjar mukosa magnum. Profil histologi oviduk meliputi gambaran lapisan muskularis dan mukosa magnum. Data hasil riset selanjutnya diolah dengan analisis variansi satu arah pada signifikansi 5% dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil riset yang diperoleh menyatakan imbuhan tepung M. oleifera tidak signifikan dalam mempengaruhi ukuran anatomo serta histomorfometri oviduk. Profil histologi oviduk menunjukkan aditif pakan Tepung daun M. oleifera dengan kadar 2,5% serta 5% berpotensi meningkatkan proliferasi sel, sedangkan pada kadar 7,5%, dan 10% berpotensi mempertahankan integritas seluler lapisan muskularis dan mukosa magnum. Riset ini mendapatkan kesimpulan bahwa aditif pakan tepung daun M. oleifera dapat digunakan sebagai aditif pakan untuk mempertahankan ukuran anatomi dan histomorfometri oviduk serta berpotensi meningkatkan proliferasi sel dan mempertahankan integritas seluler pada puyuh periode produksi.

Antimicrobial resistance is the rising global health issue that should not be ignored. This problem needs to be addressed and professionally handled since it is starting to threaten global health, which eventually could lead to disaster. Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria were found threatening lives, since most antibiotics were found to not be effective in treating patients with infections caused by those bacteria. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the two most reported bacteria in causing the bacteremia and nosocomial infections worldwide. In this article, the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in causing blood stream and urinary tract infections in Indonesia were compared to the neighboring countries based on the global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system performed worldwide by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article, the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Indonesia and its neighboring countries were assayed and compared in order to evaluate the antimicrobial resistances. By comparing the prevalence data to the neighboring countries, some insightful evidence and information was served to support improved health in Indonesia. Some hurdles and strategies in combating the antimicrobial resistances were further discussed. Eventually, an alternate solution to overcome the antimicrobial drug resistance should be well-provided, studied and implemented globally.

Pendidikan karakter penting diberikan sejak dini untuk menanamkan karakter dan nilai-nilai yang positif. Salah satu karakter yang perlu dimiliki siswa adalah karakter nasionalisme karena maraknya kasus dekstruktif dalam konteks kebangsaan. Hal tersebut tidak mudah dilakukan, apalagi dengan pembelajaran yang monoton. Permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut memaksa guru untuk segera melakukan inovasi pembelajaran, khususnya terkait penanaman nilai-nilai karakter nasionalisme. Salah satu teknik yang dapat diterapkan adalah dengan menerapkan Living Values Education Program (LVEP). LVEP merupakan sebuah program pendidikan nilai yang menghadirkan berbagai pengalaman dan metode praktis bagi guru dan fasilitator untuk membantu anak-anak dan remaja mengeksplorasi dan mengembangkan nilai-nilai penting personal dan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh Living Values Education Program (LVEP) terhadap karakter nasionalisme siswa sekolah dasar dalam pembelajaran PPKn. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan jenis quasi˗eksperiment. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan angket. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan paired sample t-test. Hasil analisis uji beda nilai pretest dan posttest penerapan LVEP menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan karakter nasionalisme siswa. Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh LVEP terhadap karakter nasionalisme siswa sekolah dasar. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung penelitian-penelitian LVEP sebelumnya.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya prestasi matematika siswa. Hal ini disebabkan oleh minimnya aktivitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini bagaimana pelaksanaan aktivitas guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model PBL, SR, dan QOD hingga berdampak pada peningkatan prestasi belajar matematika siswa khususnya pada materi kubus dan balok. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam empat kali pertemuan. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Muhammadiyah 6 Banjarmasin. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran serta prestasi matematika siswa yang diperoleh dari soal yang diberikan pada akhir pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas guru terlaksana berdasarkan langkah-langkah pembelajaran dengan kategori sangat baik, aktivitas siswa memperoleh kategori sangat aktif dan hampir seluruh siswa sangat aktif di kelas, dan prestasi matematika siswa secara individu maupun kelompok telah memenuhi ketuntasan minimal yang telah ditetapkan yaitu 70 > 82%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran PBL, SR, dan QOD pada muatan matematika materi bangun ruang kubus dan balok mampu terlaksana dengan baik sesuai dengan langkah pembelajaran yang dibuat sehingga meningkatkan aktivitas dan prestasi matematika siswa. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan referensi dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa khususnya dalam pembelajaran matematika.

The aim of this research is to find out the role of the principal of Santo Yusuf Middle School in building an attitude of religious tolerance using a qualitative research approach. The current era of globalization and increasing cases of religious intolerance in educational institutions make this research even more important to be discussed as a solution and recommendation for school principals to optimize their leadership roles in the educational institutions they lead. This research method uses in-depth interview techniques with key informants, namely the school principal and supporting informants, namely Muslim and non-Muslim teachers. The findings of this research found that the role of the principal has a significant influence on the success of building an attitude of tolerance in schools by mobilizing the school community with the initiative to create internal guidelines, directing by equalizing mutually agreed perceptions, guiding in an accommodating manner and being a good role model, protecting rights. school community through assimilation and development programs through internal routine programs and interfaith cultural programs. This finding is also an additional option for school principals in increasing the values ​​of tolerance in schools as well as strengthening that the important role of school principals has a significant impact on the conduciveness of the work environment and improving the quality of education at large. Conduciveness through an appropriate humanitarian approach will influence the development of holistic potential students both intellectually, socially, emotionally, and spiritually, with that the potential risk of intolerance at school can be prevented and overcome.

The growth of the world's human population demands greater energy fulfillment and the main energy source that has been used so far is fossil fuels. Nuclear energy produced in a nuclear reactor is used as a competitive contributor with other sources of electrical energy such as coal, oil, gas, water, and others. So that the contribution of energy from various aspects becomes something that must be taken as a mutually beneficial strategic partner in meeting future energy needs that are economical and environmentally friendly at both national and international levels. The result of this research is energy is a primary need in modern human life. Almost all aspects of life require energy as its prime mover. In the beginning, people used fossil energy to fulfill their needs. The limited amount of fossil energy on earth has resulted in many people competing to create renewable energy with the characteristics of low cost, high stability, and high efficiency. Energy savings are urgent to be done so that the nation can survive in the midst of a crisis like this. In addition, this is also a warning that excessive dependence on fossil energy sources or primary energy such as oil, coal and natural gas is not a good option. Modern energy sources include solar energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, hydro energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, hydrogen fuel cell energy, and biofuel energy. So that in the development of nuclear energy, treaty rules are made and there is international law in it. This is done so that every country in developing its nuclear energy still maintains international peace and security.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendidikan keluarga, riyadhah dan karakter, serta bagaimana hubungan dan dinamikan ketiga variabel tersebut dalam pembentukan karakter pengamal TQN pontren Suryalaya. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix methode (pendekatan kuantitatif dan penekatan kualitatif dikolaborasikan sehingga menjadi model sempurna, dengan metode survey, content analysis, dan case study. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 100 orang yang diambil dari para pengikut TQN dari dalam dan luar negeri. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan beberapa hal, yaitu : (1). Pendidikan keluarga pengamal TQN secara umum baik, walaupun di era modern ini terdapat pergeseran nialai pendidikan keluarga terutama ketauladanan dan pembiasaan. (2). Riyadhah merupakan amaliah ritual pangamal TQN dilaksanakan dengan baik dan konsisten, walaupun beberapa ritual seperti manaqiban dan ziarah masih dilaksanakan oleh kalangan tertentu karena keterbatasan waktu, (3). Karakter pengamal TQN tergolong baik. (4). Pendidikan keluarga berhubungan positif dan signifikan terhadap pembentukan karakter pengamal TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. (5). Riyadhoh berhubungan secara positif dan signifikan terhadap pembentukan karakter pengamal TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. (6). Pendidikan keluarga dan riyadlah berhubungan secarapositifdansignifikanterhadappembentukankarakterpengamal TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. (7). Pendidikan Keluarga melalui riyadhah berhubungan secara positif dan signifikan terhadap pembentukan karakter pengamal TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. (8). Nilai-nilai karakter yang terdapat dalam ajaran TQN Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya, yang tidak terdapat dalam permen diknas yang 18, yaitu : (a). kesadaran diri, (b). pengenalan diri, (c). pengendaliah diri, (d). kesadaran akan adanya Allah yang maha segalanya, (e). kesadaran hati sebagai alat menghadap Allah, (f). rasa cinta kepada Allah, (g). rasa syukur kepada Allah, dan h. ikhlash dan istikomah.( 9). Ditemukan ada 2 Pola pendidikan keluarga yang baik dan tidak baik; Ada 4 pola riyadhoh, yaitu umum, Khusus, Khususul Khusus, dan Penugasan ; dan Ada 3 pola pendidikan pembentukan karakter, yaitu Pola Pendidikan Berkah, Pola Pendidikan Krisis dan Pola Pendidikan Taubat.

The increasing number of vehicles has led to elevated demand for petroleum-based fuels, which are non-renewable energy sources. Consequently, the development of alternative energy sources has become crucial. In this study, the co-pyrolysis process was conducted to produce biooil as an alternative energy source. Co-pyrolysis is a thermal degradation process performed in the absence of oxygen that involves biomass and other materials. This study investigates the use of empty fruit bunches (EFB) biochar and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with a high hydrogen-tocarbon effective ratio (H/C)eff as raw materials for co-pyrolysis. This study aims to examine the effects of torrefaction pretreatment on EFB, the impact of varying the EFB biochar to HDPE ratio (100:0, 75:25, and 55:45), and the influence of co-pyrolysis temperature (400, 450, and 500 oC) on the yield and characteristics of produced bio-oil. Experiment results indicated that torrefaction pretreatment reduced ash content, while the addition of HDPE and temperature increase improved bio-oil yield. The best operating condition with feed EFB biochar to HDPE ratio of 55:45 at a temperature of 500°C which produced the highest yield of 28.2% and optimum characteristic bio-oil with density of 0.88 g/mL, viscosity of 1.28 cP, pH of 3.7, and a calorific value of 47.34 MJ/kg.

The decline in fossil fuel sources has prompted research into finding renewable fuels. One of environmentally friendly energy sources with high efficiency is by producing liquid oil from palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) and coal. Pre-treatment of empty fruit bunches using NaOH and various concentrations of H2O2, various ratios of EFB/coal, the ratio of CaO catalyst, chemical and physical characteristics were studied to produce the better liquid oil yield. The H2O2 concentrations are 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. The ratios of EFB/coal (R) are 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, and 75/25. The ratios of catalyst CaO/raw material are 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. It ran at 400 °C with 100 mL/min nitrogen gas flowing during one hour. The results showed that adding sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide in the EFB pre-treatment increased the liquid oil yield. With an increase in the EFB/coal ratio, the liquid oil yield increased. Co-pyrolysis treated EFB and Coal with a ratio of 75:25 produced 32% liquid oil yield, but the liquid oil yield decreased to 19% with the addition of 9% CaO catalyst. However, the addition of CaO catalyst reduces the acidity and increases the calorific value of the liquid oil.

Background Hepatitis B is a viral infection that has a high prevalence in Indonesia. The Ministry of Health of Indonesia has conducted a national vaccination program for hepatitis B. In order to evaluate the success of the hepatitis B vaccination in Indonesia, a community study based on basic health research (Riskesdas) was performed nationwide since 2007 for five year period in 2007, 2013, and 2018. Methods Further statistical analysis was performed specifically for the children under 59 months old (toddlers) immunized in both urban and rural areas in 2007, 2013, and 2018 based on certain characteristics by examining antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs), IgG antibodies against the core antigen (HBcAb), surface antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The data obtained from the data management laboratory of Ministry of Health, Indonesia, was analyzed with Bivariate analysis with continuity correction chi-square or Pearson chi-square using Stata software version 16. Results This study showed an increase in hepatitis B coverage of complete immunization (30% in 2007, 60.3% in 2013, and 57% in 2018), which was also influenced by mothers’ level of education (Pearson chi-square , p ¡ 0.05) and access to health service points within 30 minutes (OR = 1.3–2.8, p ¡ 0.05). The trend of the percentage of immune status (anti-HBs) was increased (41.8% in 2007; 56.1% in 2013; and 79.1% in 2018). The higher anti-HBs was found in complete hepatitis B immunization status (OR = 1.5–2, p ¡ 0.05) and in good nutritional status (p ¡ 0.05). However, the anti-HBs was found decreased with increasing age (p ¡ 0.05). The trend of positive HBcAb (exposure to HBV infection) showed a decrease gradually of almost ten times from 2007 (8.6%-13.5%) compared to 2013 (2.6%-11.1%) and 2018 (1.1%-2%). Urban areas were at higher risk of hepatitis B exposure (OR = 1.4–2.2) than rural areas (OR = 0.37–0.80). The HBsAg data were only available in 2013 and 2018. Riskesdas data analysis showed the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBsAg) was lower in complete immunization status than that in incomplete one (p ¡ 0.05), but with an increase from 3.9% (2013) to 9.3% (2018), possibly due to inappropriate implementation of birth dose immunization or a vaccine-escape mutant from the HBV variants. Conclusions The effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine obtained from the three Riskesdas periods in Indonesia showed an improvement, with an increase in immune status, reduced exposure to HBV and a lower prevalence of hepatitis B in children with complete vaccination. However, there is still an increase in hepatitis B infection, especially in urban areas. Therefore, a long-term evaluation of immunization coverage especially ensuring that the initial dose of immunization was given within the first 24 h of birth, HBsAg and HBcAb, nutritional status, genomic surveillance of HBV, and other aspects of program quality evaluation are needed to ensure that elimination efforts have been implemented properly.

Lingkungan yang nyaman sangat menentukan keberhasilan pada budidaya ayam broiler. Perubahan mikroklimat di sekitar lingkungan pemeliharaan dapat mempengaruhi perilaku unggas, jumlah ransum yang dikonsumsi, kebutuhan air minum, biomassa tubuh, dan produk yang dihasilkan. Unggas pedaging ini telah diketahui memiliki kualitas yang tinggi, waktu tumbuh yang cepat, dan produksi daging yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu hewan ternak ini mempunyai peluang yang tinggi untuk dipelihara dan dikembangkan oleh masyarakat. Riset dilakukan untuk menganalisis efek dinamika faktor lingkungan di lokasi peternakan terhadap perilaku unggas pedaging ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi dengan melakukan pengamatan perilaku broiler selama 15 hari, yaitu dengan cara mengamati 20 ekor ayam yang terdapat pada 4 kandang kecil dengan ulangan 3 kali dan diamati perilakunya pada jam 07.00, 13.30, dan 21.30. Pencatatan perilaku ayam dilakukan selama 30 menit, yang meliputi lokomosi, istirahat, minum, panting (terengah-engah), makan, mengepakkan sayap, dust bathing (mandi debu), dan feather pecking (mematuk bulu). Faktor lingkungan yang diukur meliputi temperatur ruang budidaya, kelembapan dan lama pencahayaan di Teaching Farm Close House Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian Universitas Diponegoro. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap perilaku ayam broiler, yang meliputi lokomosi, istirahat, minum, panting (terengah-engah), makan, mengepakkan sayap, dust bathing (mandi debu), dan feather pecking (mematuk bulu). Pengamatan perilaku sangat dianjurkan untuk mengetahui tingkat kenyamanan broiler di dalam kandang budidaya dalam upaya meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas.

Consumption of liquor such as Ciu in excessive doses can cause a decrease in hematological status. Balimo stem is an alternative treatment to improve hematological status due to excessive alcohol consumption because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolic compounds, that have functions as antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Balimo immersion water on the hematological status of mice with the observed variables, namely the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit value, and total count of leukocytes in rats that had been given Ciu. The study used 20 Rattus norvegicus male rats which were divided into 4 groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences (p

Itik (Anas plathyrynchos domecticus) merupakan salah satu jenis unggas yang banyak dibudidayakan, terutama sebagai penghasil telur. Produk telur diketahui bermanfaat dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani bagi masyarakat di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peternak itik petelur, terutama di Kabupaten Brebes adalah pakan, keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang pemeliharaan itik, permintaan telur asin oleh konsumen yang tinggi yang tidak diiringi oleh peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas telur yang diproduksi itik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sistem pemeliharaan itik secara intensif dan ekstensif terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas telur. Variabel kualitas telur meliputi bobot badan, produksi dan bobot telur, adapun variable kualitas telur terdiri atas pH dan tinggi albumen, pH dan diameter yolk, indeks kuning telur (IKT), dan Haugh Unit (HU). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pembandingan 2 populasi, yaitu antara itik yang dipelihara dengan sistem intensif dan ekstensif, masing-masing menggunakan itik sebanyak 25 ekor. Data yang didapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t (t student test) pembandingan dua perlakuan. Analisis hasil penelitian menunjukkan, itik yang dipelihara dengan sistem intensif berbeda nyata dengan sistem ektensif, serta memiliki kuantitas dan kualitas telur yang lebih tinggi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa pemeliharaan itik secara intensif dapat meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas telur itik, lebih tinggi dibanding itik yang dipelihara secara ekstensif. Pemeliharaan itik secara intensif direkomendasikan dapat diaplikasikan oleh para peternak lokal di Kabupaten Brebes dengan pemanfaatan sumber bahan pakan lokal yang mudah diperoleh, murah, dan aman sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan peternak.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) is the causative agent of diphtheria. The main virulence factor of C. diphtheriae is diphtheria toxin, which is encoded by the tox gene and regulated by the dtxR gene. The tox and dtxR genes are used as genetic markers to identify bacteria causing diphtheria by PCR. Here, we present the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 18 C. diphtheriae isolates from diphtheria outbreaks in different regions in Indonesia. We used these data to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the tox and dtxR genes to verify the accuracy of the PCR assay and performed molecular typing with a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. The data can be used for further analyses, such as antimicrobial resistance and bacterial virulence factors.

Sebuah Corrigendum pada Efek Dinamika Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Perilaku Ayam Broiler di Kandang Close House oleh SUNARNO, Sunarno; NAGARI, A. P. Jurnal Peternakan Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science), [S.l.], v. 24, n. 1, p. 8-20, feb. 2022. doi:https://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.24.1.8-20.2022. Urutan nama penulis diubah. Urutan yang salah adalah “SUNARNO, Sunarno; NAGARI, A. P”. Urutan yang benar adalah “NAGARI, A. P; SUNARNO, Sunarno”. Penulis mohon maaf atas kesalahan ini dan menyatakan bahwa ini tidak mengubah kesimpulan ilmiah artikel dengan cara apa pun. Artikel asli telah diperbarui. Catatan Penerbit Semua klaim yang diungkapkan dalam artikel ini adalah sepenuhnya milik penulis dan tidak selalu mewakili organisasi afiliasinya, atau milik penerbit, editor, dan mitra bestari. Setiap produk yang dapat dievaluasi dalam artikel ini, atau klaim yang mungkin dibuat oleh produsennya, tidak dijamin atau didukung oleh penerbit.

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik habitat bertelur burung Mamoa (Eulipoa wallecei) dan uji penetasan telur secara semi alami (in-situ) telah dilakukan di Desa Simau Kecamatan Galela Halmahera Utara. Penelitian dengan teknik observasi atau pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan tepatnya di lokasi habitat bertelur burung Mamoa (Eulipoa wallecei) yang berada di Desa Simau, untuk mengetahui variasi harian iklim mikro lubang pada pasir sebagai habitat bertelur burung Mamoa, dan penelitian di laboratorium untuk menguji kandungan logam dalam pasir sehingga diketahui tingkat konduktivitas termalnya, serta dilakukan uji penetasan secara semi alami (in-situ) pada kedalaman 40, 60 dan 80 cm untuk mengetahui presentase daya tetas, waktu inkubasi dan mortalitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik habitat bertelur burung Mamoa di Desa Simau kecamatan Galela Kabupaten Halmahera utara yang dikaji berdasarkan kajian mikroklimat menujukkan fluktuasi suhu dan kembaban yang bervariasi berdasarkan kedalaman dan waktu pengamatan, dimana rata-rata suhu maksimum terjadi pada saat siang hari dan suhu minimumnya terjadi saat malam hari, sementara kelembaban terendah terjadi saat siang hari dan nilai tertingginya terjadi pada saat malam hari. Kadungan terbesar dalam pasir sebagai habitat bertelur burung Mamoa Desa Simau adalah unsur Fe (Besi) sebesar 58,59 % dengan sifat konduktivitas termal yang tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan pada daya tetas dan lamanya inkubasi penetasan telur secara in-situ (semi alami) pada kedalaman 40 cm, 60 cm dan 80 cm, dimana daya tetas terbesar yang mencapai presentase 100 % berada pada kedalaman tanam 80 cm dengan rata-rata waktu inkubasi yang paling cepat sekitar 67,3 hari.

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are very promising to be applied as a drug delivery system (DDS) for cancer chemotherapy. In this research, the crystal growth of hydrothermal derived magnetite particles was studied by oriented attachment (OA) model. The OA model was used to investigate the mechanism and the statistical kinetic of crystal growth. The crystal diameter change as a function of time with different concentration was measured using XRD. Firstly, 0.3248 g FeCl3 and 1.1764 g of sodium citrate, as well as 0.3604 g urea were dissolved into 40 mL of distilled water in a reactor. Subsequently, the reactor temperature was maintained at 210 °C and reaction time of 3.5–12 h in an air oven. The morphology of obtained particles was characterized using TEM, whereas VSM was used to determine the magnetic hysteresis curve. The XRD pattern showed that magnetite was obtained at temperature 210 °C and 3.5 h reaction time, as well as its intensity increased with reaction time. The crystal size of Fe3O4 was 9.44 nm at 3.5 h and appropriate with the oriented attachment model. The magnetite nanoparticles with shaped core-shell size less than 50 nm and suitable for biomedical application especially as drug delivery.

Reformasi birokrasi telah dikenal luas di Indonesia baik dalam tataran konsep maupun praktis. Istilah reformasi birokrasi dikenal dengan sebutan reformasi administrasi negara yaitu sebuah terminologi yang mencakup domain politik, ekonomi, hukum, sosial, budaya hingga pertahanan dan keamanan; legislatif, eksekutif, dan yudikatif. Bahkan menurut Awaloeddin Djamin (1999), reformasi sektor publik di Indonesia sudah dilakukan sejak awal perjalanan Republik Indonesia. Reformasi sektor publik di Indonesia menurut Awaloedin Djamin (1999) dapat dibagi dalam dua tahap, yaitu pada tahun 1966 yang disebut sebagai overall administrative reform tahap pertama dan kemudian tahun 1999 disebutnya sebagai overall administrative reform tahap kedua. Oleh karena itu sesungguhnya di Indonesia, reformasi birokrasi bukanlah fenomena baru. Namun demikian hingga tahun 2006 ini “reformasi birokrasi” masih tetap menjadi permasalahan yang belum dapat diselesaikan secara tuntas.

Pertussis cases have been reported most frequently in developed countries, but they are predicted to be the most prevalent in developing countries. Indonesia, a developing country, routinely conducts case-based surveillance for pertussis. We reviewed the data on pertussis cases and close contacts based on clinical sample documents examined in the National Reference Laboratory for pertussis, Indonesia (2016–2020). Our objective was to analyze the laboratory and epidemiological aspects of pertussis cases and close contacts, particularly to evaluate the implementation of a 5-year case-based surveillance of pertussis in Indonesia. Data were collected from sample documents and annual laboratory reports between January 2016 and December 2020. We analyzed the proportion of pertussis cases and close contacts by geographic region, year, age, and sex. We used the χ2 test to correlate the laboratory and epidemiological data. In total, 274 clinical cases of pertussis and 491 close contacts were recorded in 15 provinces. The peak number of cases occurred in 2019, with a positivity rate (percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases) of 41.23% (47/114). Clinical cases were dominated by infants aged

The World Health Organization (WHO) has been implementing antimicrobial surveillance with a “One Health” approach, known as the Global Surveillance ESBL E. coli Tricycle Project. We describe the implementation of the Tricycle Project (pilot) in Indonesia, focusing on its results, challenges and recommendations. The samples were 116 patients with bloodstream infections caused by ESBL E. coli, 100 rectal swabs collected from pregnant women, 240 cecums of broiler, and 119 environmental samples, using the standardized method according to the guidelines. ESBL-producing E. coli was found in 40 (40%) of the 100 pregnant women, while the proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was 57.7% among the total E. coli-induced bloodstream infections. ESBL-producing E. coli was isolated from 161 (67.1%) out of 240 broilers. On the other hand, the average concentration of E. coli in the water samples was 2.0 × 108 CFU/100 mL, and the ratio of ESBL-producing E. coli was 12.8% of total E. coli. Unfortunately, 56.7% of questionnaires for patients were incomplete. The Tricycle Project (pilot) identified that the proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was very high in all types of samples, and several challenges and obstacles were encountered during the implementation of the study in Indonesia. The finding of this study have implication to health/the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. We recommend continuing this project and extending this study to other provinces to determine the AMR burden as the baseline in planning AMR control strategies in Indonesia. We also recommend improving the protocol of this study to minimize obstacles in the field.

Land conflict has become a classic issue in Indonesia and an effective dispute settlement seems to be urgent. The study aims at evaluating the possibility to incorporate the indigenous knowledge of the local communities in land dispute settlement system. This socio-legal research employs both qualitative and quantitative approach.It is found that the current legal and institutional systems are not in accordance with the legal consciousness of the Indonesian society. The purposes of agrarian policy have been controlled by the domination of the state over the people’s rights. The policies were made to safeguard the interests of elite and its supporters and at the same times ignore the society interests. As the old model of land dispute settlement, the Dutch procedural law (HIR) served the colonial interest. In fact, there are statutory provisions in the sector of natural resources and land that regulate land dispute settlement that accommodate the local wisdom. In addition, article 18 of the 1945 Constitution and Article 5 of the Basic Agrarian Law explicitly recognize the capacity of the indigenous people in settling land dispute. However it needs further elaboration and institutionalization of their values. The development of a legal system model based on local community wisdom is a must which it means a legal system that is incorporated from the value of the original legal system of the Indonesian nation. The Indonesian customary legal system rests on the concept of regional values that exist throughout Indonesia regions.

In the next wireless communication generation, 5G, it is obvious to employ the half-spacing antenna elements as high-resolution antenna array. However, to compensate the lower aperture from short-spacing elements, the number of antennas should be grown larger. It will be costly and increase complexity in terms of antenna array analysis. In this paper, the aliasing effects on beamforming of antenna array geometry utilizes inter-element spacing more than half-lambda. The antenna geometry of linear, circular and planar will be explored in this paper and the center frequency for simulation is 60 GHz. It is also due the fact that many researchers on 5G believe 60 GHz will be employed as 5G frequency band. 60 GHz is truly higher than today Long-term-evolution (LTE) working frequency and it is really challenging to its signal model due to small wavelength and its effective signal working distance as effect of rain attenuation, etc. As our preliminary results, linear array, which only considers the azimuthal, the spatial aliasing appears in the inter-element distance more than 1-lambda. The circular and planar consider the azimuth and elevation properties of incoming signals. In circular array, the power angular of a signal can be detected accurately applying the 3-sector antenna pattern. When the inter-element distance grows more than 1.5 lambda, the spatial aliasing which appear to be side lobe with similar power angular dominate the incoming signal detection. The result shows us that employing the 2-lambda distance or more will be useless. Planar array which actually a 2-axis linear array give unexpected results, most of detections are inaccurate and power angular also low. This concludes that spatial aliasing effects will degrade the beamforming performance due to confusion between real signal and fake signal resulting from similar values of array factor.

Cholesterol in quail meat is one of the factors causing consumers to control consumption of quail meat. On the other hand, the antioxidant content in quail meat could attracts the consumers. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) bark and gotu kola (Centella asiatica) leaves are medicinal plants that contain many polyphenol compounds. The objective of this study was to obtain the most optimum formula made from cinnamon and gotu kola as a feed supplement to produce the quail meat which has low cholesterol but rich in antioxidants. This study used a completely randomized design which consisting of six groups with three replications. The six groups included one control (P0), 5 treatments consisted of 5% cinnamon (P1), 5% gotu kola (P2), combination of cinnamon and gotu kola powder with ratio 5%:5% (P3), 5%:10% (P4) and 10%:5% (P5). The results showed that food supplements made from cinnamon bark and gotu kola leaves could increase the body weight, antioxidant levels, and reduce cholesterol levels in quail meat. Cinnamon as feed supplement with a concentration of 5% or a combination of cinnamon and gotu kola with a ratio of 5%: 10% provided the best effect on antioxidants and cholesterol level in meat. The use of cinnamon and gotu kola supplementation to produce high antioxidant and low cholesterol of quail met have not studied yet. The result of the study would be beneficial for developing the healthy, safe and good quality of quail meat.

Physiological stress for a long time can lead to impaired kidney organ function. Snakehead fish meat are known to contain important nutrients such as albumin, glutamine, glycine, cysteine, and various minerals that can improve kidney function. This study was conducted to examine and analyze the effect of snakehead fish supplementation in feed towards body weight, kidney weight, diameter and number of glomerulus in Wistar rats with physiological stress. This study used 20 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups consisted of 1 control group (P0) and 4 treatment groups (P1: 5%, P2: 10%, P3: 15%, P4: 20%). The treatments were performed with 4 times repetition. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The variables measured were body weight, kidney weight, diameter and number of renal glomerulus. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level and continued with Duncan test with 5% significance level. The results of this study were: the supplementation of snakehead fish with 20% of concentration can increase the body weight; concentration 10; 15; and 20% can increase the weight of the kidney; concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% can increase the glomerular diameter in Wistar rats with physiological stress. The supplementation of snakehead fish with concentration of 5% to 20% did not affect the number of glomerulus of Wistar rats with physiological stress. Results of this study is useful as information for people who study the mechanism of kidney repair due to physiological stress.

BACKGROUND: There are found some studies which reported the successfull of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. This study aimed to describe the dtxR gene profile as a new marker for C. ulceran and C. pseudotuberculosis for the PCR assay. METHODS: Ten C. ulcerans and 35 C. pseudotuberculosis DNA sequences data registered in GeneBank was analyzed by bioinformatic tools. PCR primer was designed based on the concerved region and the gene similarity data. On the other hands, reference strains (C. ulcerans NCTC 12077 and Corynebacterium diphtheriae NCTC 3984) and dtxR gene of C. pseudotuberculosis (synthetic gene) were used in the PCR assay optimization for C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis identification. RESULTS: The study showed that dtxR genes of both C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis were more conserve than pld gene, moreover dtxR gene was more specific compared to 16S rRNA gene. PCR assay with dtxR gene as a target could identify C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis accurately without mispriming, misamplification and misidentification. CONCLUSION: dtxR gene could be used as marker to identify C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis by PCR assay. KEYWORDS: C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans, dtxR gene, PCR

The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro and in vivo doses of boron neutron capture cancer therapy (BNCT) using the SHIELD-HIT12A program. To be able to determine the recoil energy, the research was conducted using the Monte Carlo method. Running data obtained the value of ionization activity and recoil lost. The results showed that in vitro and in vivo doses of BNCT for soft tissue irradiation had a value of 0.312 × 10-2 Sv, which is safe and does not harm healthy body tissue around the cancer cells because it is below the threshold of 1.5 Rem or 15 × 10-3 Sv, in accordance with the provisions of the upper value permitted by the International Commission on Radiation Protection in 1966. While the comparative targets are water, the optimal target absorption dose was obtained at concentrations of 3.232 × 10-3 Gy. The dose of carbon equivalent in water with the type of thermal neutron radiation was 16.16 × 10-3 Sv; this dose is classified as unsafe.

This study was aimed at developing two sets of kinematics experiment namely free fall motion and microcontroller based projectil motion. This study used an R & D research design that involves descriptive and evaluative methods. This research was conducted at the Physics Laboratory of Semarang State University and the Science Laboratory Semarang. The stages of this research included design design, tool making, tool validity testing, data retrieval and data processing. Validity test was done to validate the feasibility of the tool by an expert in physics and tested to physics students. A limited scale test and a large scale test were also be done in this study.These tests were conducted to determine the level of readability of the tool and the level of appropriateness of the equipment. This study produced a microcontroller-based experimental set that was feasible for free fall motion and projectile motion experiments. Time measurement results by the kinematics experiment set for free fall motion and projectile motion obtained a better level of accuracy than the previous tool that is equal to 98.30% and has an accuracy level of 99.99%.

Premature loss adalah kondisi dimana gigi desidui yang sudah tanggal sebelum waktunya sementara gigi permanen pengganti belum tumbuh. Kehilangan gigi desidui yang terlalu dini akan berpengaruh pada keberhasilan erupsi gigi apabila ada pengurangan ruang pada lengkung gigi. Kondisi premature loss terkait pula dengan perkembangan rahang. Rahang adalah bagian dari struktur total kepala dan setiap rahang bisa mempunyai hubungan posisional yang bervariasi terhadap struktur lain dari kepala, variasi semacam itu bisa terjadi pada ketiga bidang yaitu sagital, vertikal, dan lateral. Setiap kondisi patologis yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan rahang bisa menimbulkan efek besar terhadap oklusi gigi. Pertumbuhan maksila dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan otak, pertumbuhan tulang cranial dan nasal septal memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pergerakan maju mundur maksila. Mandibula merupakan tulang kraniofasial yang sangat mobile dan merupakan tulang yang sangat penting karena terlibat dalam fungsi-fungsi vital antara lain pengunyahan, pemeliharaan jalan udara, berbicara, dan ekspresi wajah. Gerakan pertumbuhan mandibula pada umumnya dipengaruhi oleh perubahan yang terjadi di maksila. Pertumbuhan prosesus alveolaris sangat aktif selama erupsi dan berperan penting selama erupsi serta terus memelihara hubungan oklusal selama pertumbuhan vertikal maksila dan mandibula. Kesimpulan dari telaah literatur ini yaitu kondisi rongga mulut karena premature loss secara langsung atau tidak langsung berpengaruh pada tumbuh kembang rahang.

Keberagaman budaya merupakan salah satu topik yang paling penting di dunia saat ini. Keanekaragaman budaya selain telah menciptakan lingkungan yang indah, juga memiliki potensi kesalahpahaman yang dapat menyebabkan kebingungan, kemarahan dan meningkatkan eskalasi permusuhan. Adalah warga Dusun Bangun Rasa, Kabupaten Bantul, para warganya menerapkan raos persatuan dari ajaran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami rasa persatuan di Dusun Bangun Rasa sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai model sebuah masyarakat yang berkesatuan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan menggunakan metode penelitian studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada para subyek dan informan sebagai sumber data dan observasi partisipan maupun non partisipan secara live in. Sumber data lain adalah written documents dan unwritten documents. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: Pertama, rasa persatuan bagi warga Bangun Rasa dipahami sebagai “Rasa Sama”, guyub rukun dan kegotongroyongan. Kedua, penerapan dari rasa persatuan di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari oleh warga dusun Bangun Rasa tercermin dalam dua penerapan, yaitu (1) penerapan di keluarga berupa musyawarah dan tidak memaksakan kehendak, dan (2) penerapan di masyarakat, berupa perilaku gotong royong. Ketiga, manfaat dari rasa persatuan yaitu urip dadi sugih (hidup menjadi “kaya”), urip dadi entheng (hidup menjadi “ringan”), hubungan antarindividu menjadi tidak kaku, menanamkan rasa “kita tidak bisa hidup tanpa orang lain”, menanamkan rasa empati, dan beban pemerintah menjadikan ringan. Dan keempat, kondisi psikologis para warga dari diterapkannya roas persatuan adalah melahirkan rasa nyaman, sumeleh, dan tenteram.

BACKGROUND: Diptheria cases are treated with both anti-diphtheria serum (ADS) and antibiotics. Penicillin and erythromycin are the primary choices for any Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) infection. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of C. diphtheriae has not been reported in Indonesia since 1982. The improper use of antibiotics, as well as, the consumption of antibiotics without prescription, will increase the resistance of C. diphtheriae. This study aims to determine the susceptibility pattern and the effectiveness of C. diphtheriae to several antibiotics. METHODS: A total of 57 C. diphtheriae isolates were recultured by using Blood Agar (BA) and Cystine Tellurite Blood Agar (CTBA). Afterward, these isolates were identified by using API Coryne. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by using Kirby Bauer Method based on CLSI M45-A2. RESULTS: These studies revealed that as the primary choice of diphtheria cases, 10.5% of C. diphtheriae isolates were resistant to Penicillin and 5.3% were resistant to erythromycin. Seven isolates (12%) showed resistance to more than one antibiotics, such as tetracycline and clindamycin, vancomycin and clindamycin, penicillin and tetracycline, also penicillin and vancomycin. Moreover, 4 isolates (7%) were resistant to 3-5 antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to moxifloxacin and linezolid. CONCLUSION: Some C. diphtheriae isolates were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin, which are known as the primary choice for the treatment of C. diphtheriae infection. Even though, all isolates susceptible to moxifloxacin and linezolid. KEYWORDS: Corynebacterium diphtheriae, resistance, antimicrobial

Anthrax is a deadly disease caused by Bacillus antracis that damages the lymphatic and vascular systems of animals and humans. Anthrax prevention in Indonesia has been done but has many shortcomings among them is a lot of dead animal raises after vaccination and relatively expensive. The azadirachtin bioactive compound produced by neem endophytic microbes is known to inhibit the growth of B. anthracis bacteria, thus potentially as an anti-anthrax agent. Other bacteria that have the same pathogens as B. antrachis are Methycillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) so that it is used as a research object. The aim of this research is to obtain the active biomaterials from selected neem leaf endophytes to be tested in S. aureus MRSA as bacteria with Anthrax pathogens. The method used in this research is the isolation, selection, and extraction of Neem endophytes. The process of isolation is done by growing on the general media and the selection process on special media. The bioactive extraction process uses 1000 rpm centrifuge and screening on MRSA culture medium. Inhibitory zone tests were used to determine the effect of endophytic biopsy in inhibiting MRSA growth. The result of the research is that the bioactive endophytes of neem are able to inhibit MRSA growth which is characterized by the formation of drag zone around the endophytic bioactive. Thus it can be concluded that the use of neem endophytes can be a new solution to eradicate the presence of anthrax disease in the livestock and people in Indonesia with safe research methods, relatively inexpensive and ineffective vaccine replacements.