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In the context of deepening the mental toughness between athletic athletes, this study aims to identify the mental toughness of athletic athletes involved in 2017 SEA Games and 2017 ASEAN Para Games by comparing the mental toughness level between the normal and Paralympic athletic athletes. This is a descriptive study using purposive sampling method. The overall respondents for this study consist of 50 athletic athletes, with 25 normal and 25 paralympic athletic athletes. Their ages are between 18 to 43 years and they participate in 2017 SEA Games and 2017 ASEAN Para Games. Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) developed by Sheard in 2009 has been adapted and used as the study instrument to measure the mental toughness level based on three sub scales namely confident, constancy and control. Study found out that the mental toughness for the 2017 SEA Games athletic athletes and 2017 ASEAN Para Games Paralympic athletic athletes are at high level. Mental toughness value reports are 41.32+5.67 and 43.00+6.88 respectively. However, there is no significant difference reported for the mental toughness between the groups with the value t(48)=-.942, p=.351. The question is does higher mental toughness level of 2017 ASEAN Para Games Paralympic athletic athletes’ acts as their success determinant in the previous 2016 Paralympic Games? This situation shall be explored deeper because in elite level a small difference from the mental toughness aspect is able to change a competition’s final result outcome

This research aims at determining the effect of blended learning, motivation, lesson hour on student achievement.The research method used is a survey method, with data collection techniques using a questionnaire. The population in this study were students of the Health and Recreation Physical Education Study Program, with a total of 221 UNY students and 188 UPM students. The data analysis technique used regression test. The results showed that (1) There was a significant influence between blended learning on the motivation of UNY and UPM students, (2) There was a significant influence between blended learning on the learning hours of UNY and UPM students, (3) There was a significant influence between blended learning on study hours of YSU and UPM students, (3) There is a significant influence between blended learning on the learning motivation of UNY and UPM students. There is a significant influence between blended learning on learning hours for both YSU and UPM students, (4) There is an influence between blended learning on student learning achievement even though it is weak, this shows that learning achievement is influenced by other variables not studied. Whereas for UPM there is a significant effect, but for the learning achievement variable it is influenced by other variables that are not researched, (5) There is a combined effect of blended learning, motivation, and study hours on UNY and UPM students, but the learning achievement variable is influenced by other factors or variables not studied.

This study compares the static eye movement (eyes open and eyes closed) and dynamic balance amongst Iranian elderly with and without knee range of motion (ROM) limitations. The method used was a quasi-experimental before/after study. The participants consisted of 30 older Iranian adults, aged 60 or more (10 females and 20 males across two groups of 15 in each group) who were evaluated using the Sharpened Romberg (SR), Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. An independent t-test was used to compare the descriptive characteristics of the two groups of the elderly. The findings showed substantial alterations in all the measured components between the subjects. The static balance with an open eye (p = 0.028) and closed eye (p = 0.021), as well as the dynamic balance (p = 0.009) between the elderly with and without the limitation of knee ROM, was substantially different. Moving forward, the findings of this study suggested that the balance of the elderly was directly linked to knee ROM, as the elderly without limitations of knee ROM displayed greater stability than the elderly with limitations of knee ROM. Health care practitioners should also understand the ROM of the knee, as individuals with ROM limitations of the knee are more likely to fall due to underlying disorders associated with their balance.

The purpose of this study was to improve the skill of passing under volleyball for grade IV students of SDN 005 Bukit Jaya, Ukui District, Pelalawan Regency with the learning model of Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD). This study uses Classroom Action Research (CAR), in this CAR that became the subject of the study was the fourth-grade students of SDN 005 Bukit Jaya, Ukui Subdistrict, Pelalawan Regency, amounting to 22 students with a composition of 8 female students and 14 male students. The results showed that at the time of the implementation of the first cycle treatment, there were 7 students who had achieved KKM (31.81%), while students who had not achieved the KKM value were 15 students (68.18%). Then the implementation of the second cycle needs to be done, students who have reached KKM as many as 14 students (63.64%), while students who have not reached KKM as many as 8 students (36.36%).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total daily sitting time for male and female undergraduate students and to compare their daily sitting time between weekdays and weekends. A sample of 375 participants responded to the Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaires (SBQ) survey. T-test was used to analyse the differences in sitting time between genders, while multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to investigate the gender differences in the sitting time between weekdays and weekends. The results showed that female undergraduate have a longer daily sitting time (M=9.64 hours/day, SD=30.302) as compared to the male undergraduate (M=9.46 hours/day, SD=31.296). However, there was no significant difference reported between sitting time for both genders (t=1.379, p= 0.169, p>0.05). Higher total sitting time on weekdays and weekends were also reported by female undergraduate students as compared the male undergraduate students. Similarly, no significant findings were also reported between genders during weekdays and weekends. The reported F-value was F(2,375)=1.7, P=0.05: Wikls’ Lambda=.99; partial eta squared=0.007. Prolong durations of daily sitting time (more then 6 hours daily) is associated with higher rate of chronic diseases and premature death especially among working adults. Hence, undergraduates who are future workforce replacements need to be encouraged to be active and not sit too long during their study years. Good habits such as completing their tasks while standing and to break the prolonged sitting patterns with slight movements should be inculated in their daily routines. This can help them to reduce the risk of being sedentary by sitting too much and too long in a day.

The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of leg muscle explosive power and leg length to the results of straddle-style high jumping at SMA Negeri 6 Pekanbaru students. This type of research is correlation. Population and sample in this study were all students of class X IPS 2, 25 people and the sample of 15 students. The instruments of this study include the leg muscle explosive test that is vertical jump, leg length test using a meter and straddle style high jump test. The data analysis technique is the correlation value test. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is a contribution of leg muscle explosive power (X1) and high jumping straddle force results in 6 Pekanbaru (Y) High School (Y) students, where rcount = 0.53 At significant level 5% is found rtable = 0.514, thus rcount> rtable or 0.53> 0.514. There is a contribution of leg length (X2) and straddle force high jump results in 6 Pekanbaru (Y) High School students, which is found to be r = 0.53 At a significant level of 5% found rtable = 0.514, thus rcount> rtable or 0, 53>0.514. There is a contribution of leg muscle explosive power (X1) and leg length (X2) with the high jumping result of straddle force in high school 6 Pekanbaru (Y) high school students, which is found to be counted = 0.699 At a significant level of 5% found rtable = 0.514, thus rcount > r table or 0.699> 0.514 in the strong category.

This study was motivated by video-based learning materials on general knowledge, which is getting more popular. In many cases, video-based education is one of the best ways to learn in today's digital technology. The purpose of this study is to explore the increasing student understanding of learning general knowledge about plastics. This research was conducted using fundamental quantitative analysis in a video tutorial involving 28 respondents from polymer technology students at Mara University Technology (UiTM). The data were collected by giving tests to students before (pre-test) and after (post-test) watching the video. There are five questions students must answer. Data were collected and analysed using the Statistical Package for Science for Windows software Version 21.0 (SPSS V21.0). The frequency and percentage are re-coded to compare the results between pre-test and post-test. A positive response means an increase in the ratio and the percentage of students who get the correct answer on the post-test. This treatment shows a positive response to video-based learning from students. The study results concluded that there was a significant increase compared to before and after the test. Instructional videos make the learning environment more attractive than textbook learning. In this way, learning can provide many benefits for students and teaching staff in increasing their understanding of general knowledge about plastics.

Progressive muscle relaxation can improve students' learning performance in the classroom because it provides a good focus during classroom learning sessions in developing technical communication for educational institutions. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of video-based learning on the understanding of secondary school students related to Progressive Muscle Relaxation. The research was a quantitative descriptive method. Based on research that has been done, researchers found differences in students' understanding between before and after watching videos related to progressive muscle relaxation. In this study, respondents need to answer questions raised by researchers before viewing the video and after watching the video. The respondents in this study were only six students. The percentage of respondents who answered the question correctly after seeing the video provided by the researcher rose quite significantly. Respondents are interested in the video provided, and respondents can understand the video content they want to convey. The use of video in teaching and learning is beneficial for students to increase their interest and demand Progressive Muscle Relaxation knowledge. Video-based learning can be implemented in teaching and learning in various fields of education. Visual lessons are more quickly remembered and understood by students. Learning to use videos can increase student's interest in learning new things.