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Pupuk memainkan peran kunci dalam sektor pertanian sebagai sarana produksi yang mendukung peningkatan hasil pertanian. Untuk memperoleh pupuk bersubsidi, petani harus terlebih dahulu terdaftar dalam Rencana Definitif Kebutuhan Kelompok (RDKK) melalui sistem E-Alokasi. Proses pemesanan pupuk yang dilakukan dengan mencocokkan Nomor Induk Kependudukan (NIK) secara manual sering kali memperlambat transaksi dan menimbulkan kesulitan dalam pengelolaan data, yang dapat mengakibatkan hilangnya informasi administratif. Menyikapi permasalahan ini, penelitian ini mengembangkan aplikasi berbasis web yang berfungsi sebagai sistem informasi untuk pengambilan pupuk bersubsidi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan solusi bagi Toko Adi Mas dalam pengelolaan pemesanan pupuk bersubsidi, yang mencakup penyimpanan arsip dan memudahkan pencarian data petani. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah model waterfall, yang memastikan pengelolaan informasi dilakukan secara sistematis. Hasil pengujian terhadap 10 responden, yang terdiri dari petani dan sales di Kios Adi Mas, menunjukkan tingkat kepuasan sebesar 85% dengan kategori "Sangat Baik", yang mengindikasikan bahwa aplikasi ini memenuhi kebutuhan pengambilan dan rekap data petani yang mendapatkan subsidi.

The performance of the stability chart (SC), limit equilibrium (LE), and finite element (FE) methods for stability analysis of weathered volcanic rock slopes under static and earthquake loads is not fully understood. This research aimed to evaluate the performance of the SC, LE, and FE methods for slope stability analyses by studying a case of a weathered volcanic rock slope at the Leuwikeris Dam diversion tunnel in Indonesia. Site characterisations were carried out to obtain the input parameters for the static and pseudostatic slope stability analyses. The results showed that using various search methods of failure surface and the suggested optimum number of finite elements, multiple non-circular failure surfaces were predicted from the LE and FE methods that were not anticipated in the initial slope design based on the SC method. The location and shape of the failure surfaces from the LE method agreed with those from the FE method. The difference between the Fs values from the static LE analysis and those from the static FE analyses was less than 14%, but the discrepancy increased up to 78% in the pseudostatic analyses. This study highlights the importance of validating the results from one method with the other methods to prevent slope failures.

This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of learning loss experienced by Information Systems students in the Linear Algebra course, particularly in understanding the concept of Gauss-Jordan elimination during online lectures. A qualitative research method was employed with a sample of 59 third-semester students. A questionnaire was utilized as the research instrument for data collection. The findings revealed that 33% of the total respondents encountered significant difficulties in understanding the Gauss-Jordan elimination concept during online learning. These results indicate a significant impact of learning loss in the context of online education, which may affect students' understanding and academic performance. The implications of this research highlight the importance of efforts to enhance the effectiveness of online learning, including the development of more interactive and supportive teaching strategies, as well as improving the quality of interaction between instructors and students in the virtual environment. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the factors influencing learning loss and to develop more effective solutions for addressing the challenges of online learning in the future

During operation, brake lining material rubs against the disc to generate heat. This heat could decrease the brake lining performance, such as the friction coefficient, specific wear rate, and interface temperature of the rubbing surfaces. The resulting wear debris is environmentally harmful and poses risks to human health. Therefore, this study aimed to replace the harmful material using eggshell particles as a filler in brake lining composite and enhance tribological properties. The brake lining samples were manufactured through three stages: cold compaction, hot compaction, and post-curing. The next step is the samples were subjected to a one-hour high-temperature exposure at 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C. The results showed that the high-temperature exposure significantly affected the specific wear rate, friction coefficient, and interface temperature between the brake lining and disc. An interesting finding was that adding calcined eggshell particles in composite could improve the tribological properties up to 400°C. However, the best material’s performance resulted when the samples got an exposure temperature of 200°C. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-04-03 Full Text: PDF

Pasirkoja is an old residential area in Bandung City currently densely populated. Some people in Pasirkoja use shallow groundwater for washing and bathing, and some for cooking. Pollutants very easily pollute shallow groundwater, and nitrate is one of the pollutants found in shallow groundwater in residential areas. The water quality status was determined using the pollution index (PI) method based on a Decree of the Minister of Environment Number 115 of 2003 and the nitrate pollution index (NPI) to ascertain the shallow groundwater quality in Pasirkoja of Bandung City, Indonesia. The variables used in the PI method were pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate, and nitrite, while the NPI method used the nitrate parameter. Shallow groundwater samples were taken during the rainy season and dry season. Based on the PI method, the results showed that the quality status of shallow groundwater at the research location is mostly lightly polluted in the rainy and dry seasons. Meanwhile, based on the NPI method, most are clean (not polluted). Differences in the quality status of shallow groundwater depend on the environmental conditions around which shallow groundwater samples were taken. The research results also showed that, based on the PI method, nitrate is not the main parameter that determines pollution at the research location.

The rapid growth in customer data has driven companies to develop smarter and more effective marketing strategies. One efficient approach is customer segmentation, which involves dividing a market or group of customers into smaller segments based on similar characteristics or behaviors. Customer segmentation improves understanding of customer needs, preferences, and behavior. This study uses customer segmentation based on purchase potential at Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). Analyzing potential purchases can help identify market opportunities, implement more effective pricing, target promotions, manage stock and distribution, and develop new products to enhance customer satisfaction. The most commonly used segmentation method is the K-Means Clustering algorithm, which groups data into homogeneous clusters. This study aims to segment customers based on potential purchases using the K-Means Clustering method. The customer dataset in FMCG stores was divided into three clusters using seven attributes: Sex, Marital Status, Age, Education, Income, Occupation, and Settlement Size. The results, calculated in Microsoft Excel, concluded after four iterations with three clusters: k1 (Cluster 1) with 535 customers having low purchase potential, k2 (Cluster 2) with 685 customers having high purchase potential, and k3 (Cluster 3) with 7810 customers having medium purchase potential.

This paper presents the concept of rasa in Javanese culture embodied in Javanese dance. The ethnographic approach in the Ethnochoreology discipline used as a step in data collection was in-depth interviews with actors (dancers, choreographers) in a society with a Javanese cultural scope. The observation step in the data collection effort was carried out using the involved observation model or participant observer, completed by data collection through literature and relevant documents. The theoretical perspective and concept used as the basis for thinking in discussing the case study of the Ela-ela dance in this paper is the concept of rasa, as put forward by Paul Stange. Namely, that rasa is a "tool" or "means" of perception, or a "function" of "whisper of heart or intuition", and rasa in Javanese dance as expressed by Katarina Indah Sulastuti, that rasa in Javanese dance is an element that is integrated with the senses in the body in a comprehensive manner which involves: the sensibility of heart vibrations, sharpness of intuition, imagination, bodily intelligence, and understanding of Javanese culture. Javanese dance, in the example of the case study, the Bedhaya Ela-ela dance is a representation of the rasa in Javanese culture, namely that the Bedhaya Ela-ela dance is a form of dance that substantially depicts the life of the Javanese people and the culture of rasa which involves issues of ethics, aesthetics, and religion in Javanese culture.

This research was motivated by students' difficulties in understanding mathematical concepts in the material of quadrilaterals and triangles. Therefore, researchers developed a teaching module to make it easier for students to understand mathematical concepts that suit student characteristics based on the ethnomathematics of typical batik found in the school environment. The aim of this research is to develop ethnomathematics-based teaching modules that are valid, practical, and effective. This research uses the Plomp development model. The subjects used in the trial class were class VIII B SMPN 1 Arjasa, using the random sampling method. Based on the results of the research analysis, it can be concluded that: 1) The ethnomathematics-based teaching module developed is valid, practical, and effective; 2) The teaching module that has been developed can help students understand the concept of flat shapes with a student completion percentage of 83.33% as well as student responses who are interested and happy to use the teaching module. The teaching module that has been developed can be used in mathematics learning for class VII middle school. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesulitan siswa dalam memahami konsep matematika pada materi segiempat dan segitiga. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mengembangkan modul ajar untuk memudahkan siswa dalam memahami konsep matematika yang sesuai dengan karakteristik siswa berdasarkan etnomatematika khas batik yang terdapat di lingkungan sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan modul ajar berbasis etnomatematika yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan Plomp. Subyek yang digunakan pada kelas uji coba adalah kelas VIII B SMPN 1 Arjasa, dengan menggunakan metode random sampling. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) Modul ajar berbasis etnomatematika yang dikembangkan valid, praktis dan efektif; 2) Modul ajar yang dikembangkan dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami konsep bangun datar dengan persentase ketuntasan siswa sebesar 83,33% serta respon siswa yang tertarik dan senang menggunakan modul ajar. Modul ajar yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika kelas VII SMP.

Madrasa headmasters are responsible for developing the loyalty of their educators in order to improve student learning quality. Educators need to demonstrate their abilities to meet their school's interests and improve the quality of learning and student achievement. This research focuses on how the headmaster of the madrasa improves the learning quality at MA-Al Urwatul Wutsqo Jombang. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation and documentation. The finding shows that to improve learning quality in the madrasah, the headmaster builds collaboration with the madrasa foundation or owner through which human resources, especially the teaching staff, have been managed and developed. In addition, the headmaster is able to recruit the teaching staff based on the needs, professionalism, evaluation, and coaching system

This research examines the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023, which formalizes Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation. The law reflects the Indonesian government's efforts to create and expand employment opportunities. However, it is crucial to investigate whether these efforts align with the broader interests of the community or merely serve the ruling elite's agendas. This study assesses whether the law, with its various mechanisms, effectively addresses social conditions in line with the government's objectives—such as reducing unemployment, accommodating new workers, and fostering the growth of cooperatives and MSMEs—or whether it diverges from these goals. A socio-legal approach is employed to analyze whether the government's interests genuinely reflect the community's needs.

Green Industry Standard (GIS) acts as a guideline for industries, including the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to preserve the environment and economy in their production process. This study aims to assess the industry's readiness in the case of Indonesia's batik industry, to adopt the GIS and optimize its implementation. The method used in this study is survey and interviews. The survey and interviews involved 25 respondents, comprising owners or managers of the batik industry engaged in handcrafted, stamped, or combined batik production, from pattern-making to finishing stages. The analysis has been done using the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) instrument to evaluate the industry's readiness and employing TOWS (Threats, Opportunities, Weaknesses, Strengths) analytical tool to formulate optimization strategies. The results of this study show that an assessment of the batik industries' compliance with Green Industry Standards revealed that they have not yet adopted sustainable practices in their production processes concerning materials, energy, water, products, and waste. The SOCRATES analysis also indicates that the batik industry's readiness to meet the technical requirements of the GIS is currently low. In conclusion, the primary approach in applying green industry principles should focus on rectifying existing weaknesses concerning craftsmen's awareness and understanding of green industry practices. After the industry's awareness emerges, utilizing GIS can boost production, improve raw material efficiency, and provide customers with greater ''green'' value.

Genetika manusia merujuk pada informasi yang dikumpulkan tentang genom atau warisan genetik individu manusia. Data ini mencakup sekuens DNA, variasi genetik, mutasi, dan informasi lain yang terkait dengan sifat dan karakteristik genetik individu manusia. Data genetika manusia diperoleh melalui serangkaian proses, meliputi penguntaian genetik, pengujian genetik, analisis DNA, dan pemetaan genetik. Data genetika terutama pada manusia merupakan data yang bersifat privat yang harus dilindungi keamanan dan kerahasiaanya. Beberapa penelitian telah menggunakan teknologi Blockchain untuk menyimpan data yang memerlukan keamanan ekstra. Blockchain memberikan solusi untuk perlindungan dan pengelolaan data dengan fitur teknologinya yang terdesentralisasi, terenkripsi, setiap transaksi bisa ditelusuri, dan antitampering atau sulit dimodifikasi. Penelitian menerapkan teknologi Blockchain untuk menyimpan dan mengelola data genetik. Sebagai bahan penelitian data genetika manusia diakusisi dari NCBI repository. Data genetik tersebut disimpan dalam Smart contract pada blockchain Ethereum yang ditulis menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Solidity. Setiap transaksi dan penyimpanan data pada Ethereum dibebankan biaya yang cukup mahal atau yang dikenal dengan biaya gas maka penelitian ini menawarkan solusi hanya menyimpan signature saja dari data genetik itu dalam blockchain. Data genetik yang riil dan berukuran besar disimpan dalam InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Hasil pengujian menjalankan smart contract pada blockchain Ethereum yang hanya menyimpan signature data genetik ini menunjukkan biaya gas yang sangat efisien karena hanya menyimpan 256 bit saja dari data genetik riilnya yang dapat mencapai giga byte.

The study to optimize in vitro propagation of the Indonesian native and critically endangered species, Nepenthes jamban, in order to support the ex-situ conservation efforts has been done. Using Murashige and Skoog (MS) as a basal media, disinfected seeds of N. jamban were germinated on five types of germination media, viz. ¼ MS, ½ MS, MS, ¼ MS+benzyl adenine (BA)+Biotin and MS+BA+Biotin. Afterwards, in vitro shoots with 6-7 leaves were inoculated on growing media, i.e., ¼ MS, ¼ MS 60 (3:1) (MS modification with a higher concentration of nitrogen), and ¼ MS+naphtalene acetic acid (NAA)+BA. The results showed that the germination of N. jamban seeds was slow, indicated by the percentage of germination being less than 20% after 6 months of being planted on germination media. The highest percentage of germination was after the 6th month and the greatest pitcher development at the 10th month were obtained on ¼ MS medium. Furthermore, shoot growth and pitchers development consistently increased for 12 months in ¼ MS 60 (3:1) medium while other media resulted in a decrease in pitcher formation. It seemed that low concentrations of nutrient in the medium proved to be more effective to induce in vitro seed germination and enhance shoot growth which was also supported by higher nitrogen (nitrate) concentration in the medium. This study provides information that supports ex situ conservation action of native and critically endangered Nepenthes species from Indonesia.

Site selection for nuclear power plants (NPPs) is an important government policy that has received widespread public attention. This situation led researchers to develop several criteria for determining NPP location. Therefore, our study aims to summarize several criteria and methods associated with NPP siting using systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Previous studies published between 2014 and 2021 across three scientific databases (Scopus, EBSCO, and ProQuest) were used. There were 18 articles containing the criteria and methods for NPP siting from screening to inclusion. It was discovered that the siting process involves 7–25 criteria divided into (1) bio-geophysical (BGP), (2) social-economic and policy (SEP), and (3) disaster and extreme event (DEE) aspects. BGP was found to be the main criterion considered to be always present in NPP siting, in particular water coolers. Each SEP and DEE paid more attention to population and seismicity. Furthermore, WLC and AHP were the most widely used (18%), even though our analysis showed 18 other methods to weight each criterion. We found that China (17%, 26%), Turkey (22%, 12%), and Iran (11%, 11%) are very concerned about NPP due to the direct participation of national-affiliated researchers. NPP siting in the future requires a geospatial approach to provide a detailed description. In addition, sensitivity analysis should be used, especially if more than one decision-making method is used.

The prevalence of dental caries in peatlands and non-peatlands in West Kalimantan require preventive acts based on its natural conditions and the behavior of local communities. The objective was to analyse risk factors for dental caries in communities living in peatlands and non-peatlands in West Kalimantan. The research is a causal comparative study with cross-sectional approach. The samples were chosen by purposive sampling technique among adolescents aged 17–27 years, who were domiciled in Pontianak City (peatland) and Bengkayang (non-peatland) all their lives. The results showed that dental caries is significantly correlated with debris in peatlands (rs = 0.289). On non-peatlands, dental caries is correlated with drinking water phosphate (rs = 0.313) and calculus (rs = 0.034). In West Kalimantan, dental caries is significantly correlated with drinking water minerals (fluoride rs = −0.243; phosphate rs = 0.260), drinking water pH (rs = 0.235), behavior (rs = −0.327), and debris (rs = 0.240). The risk factors for dental caries in peatlands and non-peatlands in West Kalimantan are pH and drinking water minerals (fluoride and calcium), debris, calculus, and behavior. HIGHLIGHTS The formation of caries is influenced by the surrounding environmental conditions.; There are 49.55% of peatland residents in West Kalimantan who suffer from caries.; Caries in peatlands is caused by low pH and a lack of fluoride and calcium in drinking water.; The risk factor for dental caries in peatlands is debris, while in non-peatlands, the risk factors are calculus and water phosphate.;

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis diversi dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana pencurian menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012, serta untuk menganalisis urgensi pegaturan diversi dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana pencurian yang dilakukan oleh anak dalam rangka untuk kepentingan terbaik bagi anak. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan Perundang-Undangan, dan Konseptual. Hasil penelitan menunjukan bahwa Diversi sebagai sebuah konsep dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Pencurian Menurut Pasal 7 ayat 2 UU SPPA dapat menggunakan konsep diversi sebagai bentuk penyelesaian diluar peradilan pidana yang sebagaimana unsur pasal yang dilanggar adalah Pasal 362 KUHP dan Pasal 364 KUHP, dikarenakan ancaman pidana penjara di bawah 7 (tujuh) tahun. Sedangkan urgensi pegaturan diversi dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana pencurian yang dilakukan oleh anak dalam rangka untuk kepentingan terbaik bagi anak dapat mewujudkan keadilan restoratif pada tahap penyidikan, penuntutan, dan pemeriksaan pada persidangan pengadilan telah memegang peranan yang cukup sentral dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana anak. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian bahwa diversi dapat diterapkan dalam tindak pidana pencurian yang dilakukan oleh anak dengan memperhatikan syarat diversi dalam UU SPPA, Serta urgensi terhadap penagturan diversi dalam tindak pidana pencurian pada tingkat penyidikan, penuntutan dan persidangan, memegang peranan yang cukup penting bagi kepentingan terbaik bagi anak.

Potensi unggulan desa Bongopini adalah pertanian yang selama ini menjadi primadona dan menjadi tumpuan perekonomian masyarakat serta dikenal sebagai salah satu desa lumbung padi, potensi baru yang perlu dikembangkan adalah peternakan ayam dan budidaya ikan nila. Permasalahan yang dialami oleh Desa Bongopini adalah: (1) kurangnya minat pemuda untuk berperan di bidang pertanian, (2) kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat dan pemuda untuk mengatasi permasalahan pertanian, dan (3) menurunnya produksi padi. Tujuan dari program PPK “Sanggar Tani Muda” adalah: (1) terbentuknya bengkel petani bagi generasi muda untuk mengaktualisasikan kreativitas dan inovasi sebagai pembelajaran nonformal untuk mewujudkan pembangunan desa berkelanjutan (SDGs), (2) melatih petani muda dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya lokal yang murah seperti membuat pakan, dan (3) ada inisiasi penguatan kompetensi iptek bagi petani muda. Metode pengabdiannya adalah pemberdayaan generasi muda dalam mengembangkan pertanian melalui pendirian Sanggar Tani sebagai wadah komunikasi dan layanan iptek bagi para petani muda agar eksis dalam bertani. Hasil kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh tim PPK ORMAWA HMTI adalah: (1) pembentukan kelompok lokakarya petani muda (100%), (2) implementasi program Longyam Minapadi (100%), (3) pelatihan keterampilan lokakarya petani muda (100%), dan (4) pedoman pendidikan nonformal formal (85%).

This research assesses the competency and skill requirements for Seaplane aircraft maintenance in the pilot education program at the Indonesian Pilot Academy Banyuwangi. Utilizing qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and direct observation, the study involves students and teachers in the pilot education program. Analysis reveals crucial competencies for students, encompassing a profound understanding of Seaplane aircraft systems, adept problem-solving during operations, and the capacity for quick and precise decision-making. Special skills, such as adaptability to complex working conditions and meticulousness in maintenance procedures, are also deemed essential. The research identifies alignment between the academy's curriculum and Seaplane aircraft maintenance needs, yet highlights specific areas requiring enhancement. The study recommends strengthening the curriculum and teaching methods to better address competency and skill needs. Implementing these recommendations is anticipated to elevate the quality of graduates, ensuring they are well-equipped to meet the challenges of Seaplane aircraft maintenance in the aviation industry.

This research aims to (1) To find out the character education planning at SMA Negeri 13 Ambon. (2) To find out the organization of character education at SMA Negeri 13 Ambon. (3) To find out the implementation of character education at SMA Negeri 13 Ambon. (4) To find out the supervision of character education at SMA Negeri 13 Ambon. (5) To find out the factors that support and detain character education at SMA Negeri 13 Ambon. The results of this research are: (1) Educational character management planning at SMA Negeri 13 Ambon begins with a program planning meeting at the beginning of the year involving all school components including the principal, vice principal for curriculum, student affairs, infrastructure, public relations, treasurer, education staff and education and school committees. The meeting discussed determining the goals of character education, preparing programs and integrating character values ​​to students. (2) The organization of character education for students of SMA Negeri 13 Ambon was carried out based on a Decree from the principal to all stakeholders of SMA Negeri 13 Ambon, with regard to what, where and when the activities will be carried out, why it must be implemented, and how to implement it. (3) The implementation of character education at SMA Negeri 13 Ambon was carried out in integrative way by all teachers including the principal. (4) Supervision of character education at SMA Negeri 13 Ambon was carried out by internal and external supervisors. The internal supervisor is the principal, assisted by the vice principal, while the external supervisor is a school supervisor assigned by the Educational Office. The Implementation is carried out in accordance with their responsible and functions, based on the instrument of supervision activities, both monitoring and evaluation. (5) The supporting factor for character education management in SMA Negeri 13 Ambon is, there is a coordination between the principal and the vice principal, teachers and staffs in implementing various models, methods and learning strategies in character education in teaching and learning process, inside and outside the classroom, supported with adequate infrastructure. The only factor detaining the management of character education in SMA Negeri 13 Ambon is the lack of self-awareness of certain subject teachers.

Jatigede Reservoir is a newly inundated reservoir in Sumedang Regency, West Java. Jatigede Reservoir provides ecosystem services in the form of aquatic organisms as food for the surrounding community. The lack of research related to ecosystem services in Jatigede Reservoir, and there has been no research related to the method of measuring the status of fisheries provisioning services, makes this article focused and aims to determine the status of ecosystem provisioning services in the fisheries sector and elaborate anthropogenic pressures. The results obtained in this study are the status of provisioning services getting 2.2 points which means the status is in the moderate class. The anthropogenic pressure obtained is in the form of residual waste from the floating net cage, trash or waste sent from rivers that enter the Jatigede Reservoir, residual oil and boat oil waste, and domestic waste in the form of metabolic waste (urine and feces) and residual oil food and leftover soap from people working and doing activities in the waters. This data is needed for making strategies and a policy for the sustainability of fisheries in Jatigede Reservoir.

Renewable energy is promoted massively to overcome problems that fossil fuel power plants generate. One popular renewable energy type that offers easy installation is a photovoltaic (PV) system. However, the energy harvested through a PV system is not optimal because influenced by exposure to solar irradiance in the PV module, which is constantly changing caused by weather. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique was developed to maximize the energy potential harvested from the PV system. This paper presents the MPPT technique, which is operated on a new high-gain voltage DC/DC converter that has never been tested before for the MPPT technique in PV systems. Fuzzy logic (FL) was used to operate the MPPT technique on the converter. Conventional and adaptive perturb and observe (P&O) techniques based on variables step size were also used to operate the MPPT. The performance generated by the FL algorithm outperformed conventional and variable step-size P&O. It is evident that the oscillation caused by the FL algorithm is more petite than variables step-size and conventional P&O. Furthermore, FL's tracking speed algorithm for tracking MPP is twice as fast as conventional P&O.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder, one of the biomaterials derived from natural sources, could be used in biomedical applications. In this research, the synthesized-HAp powder from Anadara Granosa shells as raw materials had a high calcium carbonate content with variations in deposition time using the precipitation method. Variations of deposition time used were 0 (S0), 24 (S24), and 48 (S48) hours. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractions (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the chemical structure, phase analysis, and morphology of the synthesized HAp powder. FTIR results of the S0, S24, and S48 showed that the functional groups , and were formed at variations in the deposition time. The XRD results showed that the smallest of crystallite size of S48 was 26.03 nm, and the crystallinity degree of S24 was 38.74%. The grain dispersity of the synthesized-hydroxyapatite powder from SEM results were uniform, agglomeration, and spherical, irregular shape. The Ca, P, Mg, and Si compositions were shown in the synthesized-hydroxyapatite powder. The deposition time affects the synthesized-Hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder from the Anadara Granosa shell, and it is a potential raw material for biomedical applications.

Firefighting Robotic technology has been used for a long time to achieve aviation safety and security goals. The research is deemed necessary because of some related issues: 1) A pressing need for lecturers and students to have access to learning media; 2) A lack of practical media that are pertinent to industries needs; and 3) Practical learning of Firefighting Robotics necessitates learning media that are by the needs of cadets. This research aims to create an innovative learning media for a firefighting robot course based on the Internet of Things (IoT) with a Proportional-Integrative-Derivative (PID) control system using a multisensor according to learning outcomes. The research method used the Plomp Model with initial data collection techniques using literature study and observations of Firefighting Robot designs and course outcomes. The research results are an automatic fire extinguishing Firefighting Robot that works in a labyrinth with a web-based main control system as a server connected to the client, namely the Firefighting Robot and fire alarm. The PID control system test result is Kp = 100, Kd = 100, and Ki = 10, which makes it stable in maneuvering the labyrinth. Validation results from material and media experts were conducted, and the learning media application successfully carried out system instructions. The material experts resulted in a quality aspect of the material content score of 4.8 with the category "Very Good". As a prototype, the researchers hope the firefighting robot concept can be developed on a large scale to support firefighting activities in real field situations in further research.

Loyalty is an extremely important quality in a leader, and its presence guarantees the growth of a dedicated following. A competent instructor will carry out the required actions. Therefore, it is necessary to increase teacher loyalty to their jobs, as teachers play a crucial role in the educational process. Teachers who are not committed to their institutions typically display low levels of motivation and professionalism in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to de-emphasize teacher loyalty and instead learn how the school's administration plans to increase teacher loyalty at SMP Negeri 1 Mojoagung Jombang. This type of study is a descriptive quantitative study. Instead, observation, interviews, and paperwork are used as data collection methods. Meanwhile, common data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. However, the study's findings pertain to teachers' loyalty at SMP Negeri 1 Mojoagung Jombang, and they are as follows: strict adherence to established rules and regulations, acceptance of responsibility for the responsibilities placed on him as a teacher and the tasks assigned to him, and a commitment to communicating truthfully and in accordance with Islamic principles. In contrast, the school's administration can boost teacher loyalty by measures such as increased surveillance, providing teachers with feedback and coaching opportunities, conducting regular classroom observations, reminding teachers of their professional obligations, reminding teachers that the school is their own, providing uswatun khasanah.

Studi ini mengulas tentang cara meningkatkan konsentrasi anak dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA), termasuk lingkungan yang mendukung, rutinitas yang jelas, pembelajaran visual, interaktif, bantuan audio, kolaborasi dengan spesialis, dan penguatan positif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menggunakan data sekunder seperti buku, jurnal, artikel, dan sumber lainnya yang relevan. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang strategi pembelajaran yang efektif bagi anak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi mereka melalui pendekatan pembelajaran yang disesuaikan. Implikasi praktis dari temuan ini dapat membantu guru, orang tua, dan praktisi pendidikan dalam merancang program pembelajaran yang lebih akomodatif dan mendukung perkembangan anak.

The act of abortion is one of one of the criminal offenses regulated in various laws and regulations in Indonesia. Indonesia, one of which is Law No. 36 Year 2009 on Health, or Health Law for short. In addition to the Health Law Health Law, the regulation is also found in Law Number 1 Year 2023 on the Criminal Code or known as the National Criminal Code. National Criminal Code. This study aims to determine the differences in regulation related to abortion against rape victims according to the Health Law and the National Criminal Code. National Criminal Code. The type of research used in this research is normative legal research. normative law. The approach used in this writing is a statutory approach and a comparative approach. approach and comparative approach. The results of this research show that there are some similarities and differences regarding the legal regulation of abortion, especially against rape victims. abortion, especially against victims of rape. The act of abortion in the Health Act is regulated in Articles 75, 76, 77 and 194 with a maximum imprisonment of 10 years and a maximum fine of Rp. 1,000,000,000. maximum of Rp. 1,000,000,000,- (one billion rupiah), while abortion in the National Criminal Code is regulated in articles 463, 464 and 465 with the threat of criminal sanction imprisonment of 4 (four) years.

Aquatic community biodiversity is gradually impacted by the expansion and intensification of agricultural and urbanization land use. However, data on macrobenthos responses to land use in tropical streams are relatively limited. This study aims to investigate the responses of macrobenthos diversity, functional guild, and physicochemical parameters in Upstream Citarum River land use type, agricultural and urbanization area. A total of 317 species from 21 families, 11 orders and three phyla were identified, with agricultural land use having the highest abundance of macroinvertebrates (222 individuals), followed by urbanization land use (95 individuals). Ecological indices, including diversity, evenness, dominance, and margalef displayed similar patterns across different land use types. Contribution of macrobenthos species in the upstream Citarum River based on Similarity Percentage (SIMPER) analysis are Hydropychidae and Palaemonidae. Filter collectors (FC) had the highest density (78.829%) in agricultural land use, while scrapers (SC) had the highest density (87.37%) in urbanization land use. Nepidae and Palaemonidae showed positive correlations with temperature, total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic matter (TOM). The study concludes that the river of macrobenthos communities and functional guilds were influenced by the land use type and water quality. This study of the effect of land use type on macrobenthos will provide river management for further help the sustainability of tropical stream and implication of land use policy for future studies.

One of the corporate responsibilities towards their employees is to maintain the employees working in the company, with the work environment provided, the work load given, and developing them with good training. In reality, employees often experience work stress in doing their jobs, and the accumulation of work stress triggers burnout, thus encouraging them to leave the company. This study examines the effect of job stress on turnover intention mediated by burnout at PT Mitra Jaya Raya Borneo Pontianak as the object of research, with a population of 35 employees. Using saturation sampling technique, the sample of this study was 35 respondents. This research uses PLS-SEM analysis, using the SmartPLS 3.2.9 application to process questionnaires data. The results of this study indicate that job stress has a significant positive effect on turnover intention, job stress has a significant positive effect on burnout, burnout has an insignificant positive effect on turnover intention, and burnout does not mediate the relationship between job stress and turnover intention.

Cyber profiling, as one of the supporting parts of digital forensics, is not only used to record and investigate cybercriminal behaviour. It can also be used to profile victim demographics based on victim characteristics. This study aims to create a cyber-fraud pattern based on a profile created from RAT. This research is expected to be input for internet users in Indonesia, especially IM users such as Instagram, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Telegram. The data collection method in this study uses data mining technology on structured and unstructured data. Structured data was obtained by conducting data mining on the number of cases registered in district courts in Indonesia from January 2021 to January 2022, and the unstructured data was obtained from socio-demographic victims of online crimes. The analysis using the Naive Bayes Algorithm produces a predictive model, which shows the results of online fraud victim profiles based on the weights for each attribute. Cyber-fraud profiling based on RAT with Naïve Bayes Algorithm yields the following findings: Potential Offender Elements: Male, using Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram, and crime scene region in Special Capital Region of Jakarta; Elements Suitable Target: Female, using Instagram, WhatsApp, and Facebook, living in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, spending time on the internet more than 8 hours a day, and have more than three IM applications; and Guardianship: Lack of knowledge about Cyber Fraud.

This research aims to create application-based learning media to help ease children with Down syndrome in learning mathematics. The research method used is a qualitative method, with research subjects of teachers, parents, and children with Down syndrome grade three SDLB. In accordance with the results of the analysis of objective conditions of the ability, inability, and needs of the subject, as well as theoretical analysis of learning mathematics, a 'Mathema' application was developed, namely an interactive learning media in which there are features to learn about the concept of numbers, number sequences, number symbols, and addition and subtraction operations, which based on conceptual validation is feasible to use and based on empirical validation has proven effective for improving the ability to learn mathematics in the subject so that the findings of the 'Mathema' media are expected a solution for teachers in helping ease learning mathematics in children with Down syndrome.

This research aims to analyze the collaborative learning in inclusive schools from the perspective of teachers and its implementation. Collaborative learning will be a challenge if there are children with special needs and regular students learning together in inclusive class. This research used quantitative research method with descriptive approach. This research was conducted in 10 inclusive schools involving 20 teachers (10 special teachers and 10 regular teachers). The results showed the acceptance of the existence of children with special needs by regular teachers related to the collaboration process in inclusive schools. The collaboration levels that occurred were 50% very good (level 1), 30% good (level 2) and 20% poor (level 3). Collaborative learning will succeed when the regular teachers accept the existence of children with special needs.

The high level of consumption of cooking oil will have an impact on increasing the waste of cooking oil produced. Using the waste of cooking oil needed purification, including through the adsorption process using activated carbon. This research aimed to study the ability of palm kernel shell activated carbon (PKSAC-AC260) compared to standard activated carbon (DAC or Decolorized Activated Charcoal by Sigma-Aldrich) in refining waste cooking oil at various concentrations of activated carbon. The results showed that the type of activated carbon influenced color, free fatty acid content, peroxide value, and saponification value of purified waste cooking oil, but had no effect on water content, saponification value and iodine value. Activated carbon between PKSAC-AC260 and DAC with a concentration of 2.5% was able to improve the quality of the best waste cooking oil. Purification of used cooking oil using PKSAC-AC260 and DAC was able to increase the color brightness of waste cooking oil (∆E) by 5.44 and 4.53, reduce the free fatty acid content of waste cooking oil from 1.47% to 0.79% and 0.61%, reduce the peroxide value of waste cooking oil from 163.47 meq/kg to 116.40 meq/kg and 98.82 meq/kg, and increase the saponification value of waste cooking oil from 155.22 mg/g to 180.48 mg/g and 184.48 mg/g, respectively. The ability of PKSAC-AC260 to purify waste cooking oil is lower than that of DAC. The quality of processed oil from waste cooking oil does not meet the quality standards of cooking oil based on SNI 3741: 2013.

The purpose of this study was to find out the profile of the independence of the mathematics learning process for children with special needs, especially students with learning difficulties. We used a qualitative research method with the subject of children with special needs (students with learning difficulties) in junior high schools, in West Java. The results showed that independence in the process of learning mathematics for students with learning difficulties can be analyzed from 3 aspects, namely: (1) independent learning in the aspect of freedom to make choices, (2) independent learning in the aspect of commitment to assignments, and (3) independent learning in aspects of self-confidence. This can be seen from the analysis of data taken from the field. Most children have a large percentage of their belief in the aspects of learning independence in the aspect of belief in their own abilities. The implications of this research are expected to be a reference in developing programs or determining learning methods used for students with learning difficulties.

Introduction: COVID-19 survivors often experience symptoms of recurrence or symptoms similar to those when confirmed positive. COVID-19 also has an impact on the physical, psychological, and spiritual health aspects of its survivors. This research aims to determine the health status of COVID-19 survivors after confirmation. Objectives: This research aims to determine the health status of COVID-19 survivors after confirmation. Methods: This quantitative descriptive research was conducted on 65 nursing students in Malang who were selected using the Accidental Sampling technique. Data was collected by providing an online questionnaire via Google Forms. The instruments used in this research were the post-COVID-19 Recovery Clinic Baseline Questionnaire, DASS-21, and the Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List (SAIL). The data was analyzed using Descriptive Analysis. Results: Research shows that the most common physical signs and symptoms during confirmed COVID-19 are loss of taste and smell, fever, shortness of breath, cough, and fatigue. Meanwhile, the symptoms still felt after recovery are changes in the color of the fingers, rashes, diarrhea, and hoarseness. Cough without phlegm and mucus occurred in 43.1%, and shortness of breath was experienced by 42.9% of respondents in the moderate category. Fatigue in the moderate category was felt by 58.3% of respondents. The results of psychological status showed that depression symptoms in the moderate and very severe category were 46.2%, anxiety in the very severe category was 75.4%, and stress symptoms in the very severe category were 38.5%. Regarding spiritual status, the majority are in the sufficient category, namely 68%. Conclusions: Some of the physical signs and symptoms, psychological changes, and spiritual status at the time of confirmation of COVID-19 are still felt even though they have been declared hostile to COVID-19.

AbstractLandscape change is intricately linked to natural resource utilization. Landscape dynamics are closely tied to land use and land cover (LULC), serving as a representation of ecosystems and human activities. In the Citarum River Basin, Indonesia, a comprehensive approach is necessary to comprehend landscape dynamics as a manifestation of human interaction with the environment. This research aims to analyze landscape dynamics and its factors that can significantly drive changes. We focused on the Cirasea Watershed, which serves as an upper region of the Citarum River Basin. Data was acquired from Landsat-series imageries from 1993 to 2023, and LULC analyses were conducted using classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). We analyzed seven independent variables, including slope (X1), elevation (X2), main river (X3), population (X4), central business district (X5), distance from the past settlements (X6), and accessibility (X7) using multivariate analysis. This research found that RF stands out as the optimal choice for LULC analysis over CART and SVM because it had the highest overall accuracy and overall kappa (0.91–0.92, 0.88–0.89). Notably, there was a substantial 273.43% increase in built-up areas, coupled with significant declines in plantations and horticultures. LULC changes was more pronounced in the lower areas near Bandung City. LR model highlighted X1, X3 and X6 as the significant driving forces for built-up areas expansion (r-square 0.44 with p-value < 0.01 and 95% confidence level). Without effective spatial planning, flat areas near rivers and past settlements have the greatest potential for LULC changes.

IntroductionHyFlex learning has been used and researched in colleges in developing countries. The main challenges in HyFlex adaptation in college are technology related variables. However, the investigations about HyFlex and the factors affect it were limited.MethodsThe current study aims to explore student technological skills effect on their attitudes toward HyFlex learning using 738 Indonesian college students. The mediating role of online self-regulated learning (SRL), perceptions on blended learning, and student’s preferred learning modes were also investigated. The relationship between variables were analyzed using structural equation modelling with partial least square parameter estimations (PLS-SEM).ResultsResults of structural equation modeling analysis show that student technological skills have significant effect on their attitude toward HyFlex learning. Mediation analysis revealed that student technological skills have indirect significant effect on their attitude toward HyFlex learning, i.e., online self-regulated learning, perceptions on blended learning, and online asynchronous and face to face learning preference partially mediated the effect of student technological skills on their attitude toward HyFlex learning. PLS-SEM conducted also shows that student technological skills have direct effect on their online self-regulated learning and perceptions on blended learning. Online self-regulated learning and perceptions on blended learning were also shown to have direct effect on student’s attitude toward HyFlex learning.DiscussionBy comprehending the factors that influence student attitudes towards HyFlex learning, educators and policymakers can endeavor to create a more conducive environment that enhances students’ motivation and engagement in this flexible learning approach.

High mental workload implies significant mental resources and can lead to increased cognitive stress and fatigue. Nurses have the responsibility of managing a wide range of nursing care tasks, which frequently involve addressing anxiety, handling patient complaints, and managing patient defense mechanisms, all of which can lead to increased stress levels. This study aimed to identify the relationship between mental workload and the stress level of nurses in the Hospital Malang City. The research utilized a cross-sectional study design. The sampling technique employed was Total Sampling, involving 96 inpatient nurses at the hospital. Data collection involved the use of two questionnaires: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Data analysis in this study was conducted using Pearson Correlation. The results indicated a positive relationship between mental workload and nurses' stress levels, supported by a significant p-value of 0.002 and a correlation coefficient of 0.312. A high mental workload can impact the level of job-related stress experienced by nurses. Effective stress management skills can help individuals mitigate this impact.

Speaker recognition is a field of research that continues to this day. Various methods have been developed to detect the human voice with greater precision and accuracy. Research on human speech recognition that is quite challenging is accent recognition. Detecting various types of human accents with different accents and ethnicities with high accuracy is a research that is quite difficult to do. According to the results of the research on the data preprocessing stage, feature extraction and selection of the right classification method play a very important role in determining the accuracy results. This study uses a preprocessing approach with normalizing features combined with MFCC as a method to perform feature extraction and the neural network (NN), which is a classification method that works based on the workings of the human brain. Research results obtained using the normalize feature with MFCC and neural network for multiaccent speaker recognition, the accuracy performance reaches 82.68%, precision is 83% and recall is 82.88%.

On Twitter, users can post tweets, videos, and images. It can, however, also be disruptive and difficult. To categorize the material and improve searchability, hashtags are crucial. This study focuses on examining the opinions of Twitter users who participate in trending topics. The algorithms K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used for sentiment analysis. The data set comprises tweet information on popular topics that was collected using the Twitter API and saved in Excel format. SVM and K-NN are used for data preparation, weighting, and sentiment analysis. With 105 data points, the study provides insight into user sentiment. SVM identified 99% of positive responses and 1% of negative responses with an accuracy of 80%. KNN successfully identified 90% of the positive responses and 10% of the negative responses, with an accuracy rate of 71.4%. According to the results, SVM performs better when analyzing the sentiment of hashtag users on Twitter.

Abstract Marriage is an inner and outer bond between a man and a woman who becomes husband and wife with the aim of eternal marriage, obtaining happiness and having children. So that the goal of eternal marriage can be realized, then the provisions stipulated in the Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 must be obeyed, one of which is marriage without coercion and the age limit for marriage, Kabalutan Village with local wisdom which has a tradition, if a man and a woman are found together after 12 o’clock at night, then by community leaders the couple is immediately married, an immature marriage causes easy divorce. Divorce that occurs due to couples who are not physically and mentally ready, so that the divorce rate in Kabalutan Village increases, triggers Kabalutan Village to be known as Kampung Janda. However, in recent years, based on the results of deliberations between community leaders and traditional leaders, the sanctions were later changed to sanctions for lifting stones (baka batu) of at least 2 cubic meters. These sanctions make people afraid of violating them and these sanctions are very effective in reducing the number of widows, especially widows at a young age. This paper uses a juridical-empirical research method, the conclusion of this paper is that the nickname of the widow’s village in Kablutan Village, Central Sulawesi is the impact of a living and developing tradition, namely by sanctioning direct marriage of male and female couples who are found alone at 12 o’clock at night. Keywords: Widow Village; Marriage Law; Divorce. Abstrak Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir bathin antara seorang laki laki dan perempuan menjadi suami isteri dengan tujuan perkawinan yang kekal, mendapatkan kebahagiaan dan mempunyai keturunan. Nagar tujuan perkawinan kekal dapat terwujud, maka ketentuan yang diatur dalam UU Perkawinan No 1 Tahun 1974 harus ditaati, salah satunya yakni perkawinan tanpa paksaan dan batas usia kawin, Desa Kabalutan dengan kearifan lokal memiliki tradisi, jika seorang laki laki dan seorang perempuan kedapatan berduaan diatas jam 12 malam, maka oleh tokoh masyarakat pasangan tersebut langsung diberikan sanksi yakni dikawinkan, perkawinan yang tidak matang menyebabkan mudahnya perceraian. perceraian yang terjadi akibat pasangan yang tidak siap jiwa raga, sehingga angka perceraian di Desa Kabalutan meningkat, dan menjadi pemicu Desa Kabalutan dikenal dengan julukan Kampung Janda. Akan tetapi beberapa tahun belakangan, berdasarkan hasil musyawarah tokoh masyarakat dan tokoh adat, sanksi kemudian diganti menjadi sanksi mengangkat batu (baka batu) minimal 2 kubik. sanksi tersebut membuat masyarakat takut melanggarnya dan Sanksi tersebut sangat efektif mengurangi angka janda, terutama janda diusia muda. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis-empiris, kesimpulan dari tulisan ini , bahwa julukan kampung janda di Desa Kablutan Sulawesi Tengah adalah dampak dari tradisi yang hidup dan berkembang yakni dengan sanksi mengawinkan langsung pasangan laki-laki dan perempuan yang kedapatan berduaan diatas jam 12 malam. Kata Kunci: Kampung Janda; Hukum Perkawinan; Perceraian.

Perkembangan ilmu biologi menjadi pesat khususnya genetika yang mengakibatkan lonjakan berbagai eksperimen data genetika manusia sebagai pembawa informasi genetik untuk analisis pewarisan sifat dan duplikasi, serta untuk kegiatan forensik. Digitalisasi data genetika dibutuhkan untuk mempermudah penelitian dan pengembangan. Bioinformatika merupakan data hasil eksperimen dari laboratorium para peneliti ahli biologi molekuler ataupun biomedis untuk mempermudah pengolahan data genetika manusia dengan teknologi komputasi. Data digital dari genetika dapat disimpan dalam database dengan format tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan langkah-langkah untuk digitalisasi data dari genetika manusia dari sampel biologi menjadi data digital. Bentuk dari data digital genetika manusia dapat digunakan untuk penelitian oleh para ahli biologi menggunakan perangkat lunak yang dapat membaca file dengan format FASTA. FASTA merupakan salah satu jenis file untaian dari beberapa jenis file format untaian protein yang tersedia di GenBank (database penyedia untaian protein). Data digital dari genetika akan dapat digunakan pada penelitian selanjutnya oleh ahli biologi tanpa harus mengambil sampel biologi.

Thermal spray coating is a material protection process by depositing the coating material on the substrate material. Process parameters such as spray-off distance, surface roughness, and substrate preheat temperature, spray time, voltage, and arc current greatly influence the mechanical and tribological behavior. Selection of appropriate process parameters and coating materials must be carried out to obtain a coating that meets the design requirements. The coating method used is electric arc spray with parameters: spray-off distance of 200 mm, compressor air pressure of 7 bar, voltage of 32 volts, and layer thickness of 1 mm. At the same time, the independent variables are arc currents: 159, 185, and 299 amperes. The substrate material is AISI 1045 steel, PMET 885 intermediate material, and PMET 720 coating material. The tests carried out were observing the microstructure, hardness, wear rate, and corrosion rate. This research shows that the higher the arc current, the better the coating quality. At an arc current of 229 amperes, it is known that the hardness, the wear rate, and the corrosion rate are 398.10 VHN, 8.96 x 10-8 gram/mm2.s, and 0.8911 mpy, respectively. This research's contribution is to provide a reference on the influence of the arc current of the electrical arc spray coating process on the tribological behavior of the surface layer so that suitable for the desired application.

Mutiara Mahakam Samarinda Institute of Health Sciences (STIKES-MM Samarinda) has a system for monitoring and evaluating the performance of lecturers or education staff. This system measures performance achievements in terms of teaching, research, and community service. . Nevertheless, since every segment of the system is not yet fully computerized, this then raises several obstacles in the process of monitoring and evaluating the performance, length of time to obtain the final assessment results and the low accuracy level of the assessment. This study aims to seeks solutions to these obstacles and offers an educator performance monitoring system that combines the Behaviorally Anchor Rating Scale (BARS) and Management by Objectives (MBO) methods to be assessed quantitatively based on the rating scores in measuring the two methods. The BARS method was focused on evaluating behaviour that would affect overall performance with an average score of 4.14%, while the MBO method was focused on evaluating according to Tri Dharma of higher education, namely teaching, research and community service. The assessment system was then implemented to evaluate the performance of lecturers and education staff. Subsequently, the data obtained were analyzed to get the final result of the assessment. In particular for data from the MBO method, the analysis was carried out using step with and without KRA. This exploratory research succeeded in presenting the final results of the performance assessment of each lecturer who was assessed for both the value of the BARS and MBO methods. Data analysis from the MBO method , when calculated with and without KRA and KRA, showed some significant differences in MBO. For all lecturers, the difference in scores, if the average was 3.48%, then this assessment was more inclined to the BARS assessment, which had a better rating than MBO.

Learning mathematics is frequently regarded as difficult by students, resulting in a lack of problem-solving ability. This problem occurred at SMPN 8 Jember, where, based on the results of observations, grade VII students have low problem-solving skills due to the conventional learning model used. If the problem is not addressed immediately, it is feared that it will continue with the next generation of students. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of PBL model of the peer tutor method assisted by card problems on mathematics learning outcomes in seventh-grade junior high school students with quadrilateral material. This research includes a quasi-experimental design. The data collection technique uses pretest and posttest tests to be tested with the paired samples T test and regression test (ANOVA) on the SPSS application. The results of the paired samples T test in the experimental class gave a sig value of 0.000, while in the control class it was 0.003. The sig value for the regression test for the experimental class is 0.014, while the sig value for the control class is 0.033. These results show that the PBL model of the peer tutor method assisted by card problems is more effective and influential than the PBL model of the peer tutor method to improve student mathematics learning outcomes. The study concludes that incorporating card problem learning media into the PBL model of the peer tutor method produces effective results in terms of quadrilateral material mathematics learning outcomes.

Abstrak Penelitian ini didasari oleh rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Cooperative Learning (PBCL) beserta perangkatnya yang terdiri dari RPP, LKS, dan THB yang valid, praktis, dan efektif kemudian menguji pengaruhnya terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP. PBCL adalah hasil modifikasi sintaks PBL dan Cooperative Learning. Adapun sintaks model pembelajaran PBCL adalah mengorientasikan siswa pada masalah, mengorganisasikan siswa ke dalam kelompok-kelompok belajar, mengorganisasikan siswa untuk belajar, membimbing kelompok bekerja dan belajar, menganalisis dan mengevaluasi proses pemecahan masalah, dan memberi penghargaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pengembangan dan dilanjutkan dengan penelitian eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi aktivitas siswa, observasi keterlaksanaan model dan perangkat pembelajaran, angket respon siswa, dan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model pembelajaran PBCL beserta perangkatnya memenuhi kriteria sangat valid, praktis, dan efektif. Kepraktisan diperoleh dari hasil observasi keterlaksanaan model dan perangkat pembelajaran. Berdasarkan dari uji t-test diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran PBCL materi persamaan garis terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa. Abstract This study is based on the lack of students ability in solving mathematical problem. According to that background, this study is aimed to develop a learning model of Problem Based Cooperative Learning (PBCL) along with the learning kits, RPP, LKS, and THB, in a valid, practical, and effective problem solving format, and to examine its effectiveness towards junior high school students’ ability to solve mathemathical problmes. PBCL is a syntax modification result of PBL and Cooperative learning, itself is orienting students on problem, organizing students into learning groups, organizing students for learning, guiding for working and learning group, analyzing and evaluating problem solving process, and giving appreciation. This study used developing research continued by experiment research. The data collection techniques were an interview, student activity observation, the implementation of a learning model and kit observation, a student response form, and a problem solving ability test. The result of this study showed that the learning model and kits of PBCL fulfill the criteria of being very valid, practical, and effective. According to the T-test experiment, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the PBCL learning model on students’ ability to solve mathematical problems.

Abstrak Rendahnya kemampuan koneksi matematis membuat peserta didik kesulitan dalam mengaitkan antara ide matematika satu dengan yang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika menggunakan model Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting and Extending (CORE) dengan pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) yang disusun untuk meningkatkan kemampuan koneksi matematis peserta didik. Perangkat yang dikembangkan terdiri dari Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) dan Tes Hasil belajar (THB) yang berupa tes kemampuan koneksi matematis yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pengembangan dengan menggunakan model 4D Thiagarajan Semmel & Semmel dan dilakukan penelitian eksperimen untuk menganalisis pengaruh peningkatan perangkat yang dikembangkan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran model CORE dengan pendekatan RME termasuk pada kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif. Berdasakan uji hipotesis terhadap hasil penelitian eksperimen diperoleh nilai Sig. (2-tailed) (Sig. (2-tailed ) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran model CORE dengan pendekatan RME berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematis. Abstract The low of the ability of mathematical connections makes it difficult for students to connect one material or concept to another. The study aim is to develop mathematics learning tools using Connecting, Organizing, Reflecting and Extending (CORE) models with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approaches to improved the mathematical connection ability of students. The developed device consists of the learning implement plan (RPP), Student Worksheet (LKPD) and learning test (THB) of mathematical connection capability test a valid, practical and effective. Research methods used in this study are development using the 4D model thiagarajan semmel & semmel and experimental studies are conducted to analyze the effect of improved devices developed on improving mathematical connection capabilities. Research shows that the CORE model learning tool with the RME approach meets valid, practical and effective criteria. Based on a hypothesis test of experimental research based on sig. (2-tailed) = 0.007 (sig. (2-tailed < 0.05) so it can be seen that the CORE model learning device with the RME approach has a significant effect on improving mathematical connection capabilities

This study aimed to prepare and characterize activated carbon derived from M. cajuputi leaves. The preparation process consisted of physical and chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) using various impregnation ratios, which were carbonized in nitrogen under thermal treatment at 500 °C for 45 min. The surface area, pore volume, pore size, and surface morphology were determined using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Field Emission Scanning Microscopy to describe the characteristics of the prepared activated carbon; others are percentage yield, moisture content, and pH. The results indicated that the optimum pore volume, micropore, and mesopores were 0.099 m3/g, 66.01 m2/g, and 114 m2/g, respectively, and the BET surface area was 128 m2/g degassed at 300 °C. Field Emission Scanning Microscopy images reveal clear pores, cracks, porous structures, and a diverse surface morphology. The percentage yield was in the range of 33 to 43.7 %, and the pH was maintained in the range of 3 to 5. The ash contents of the prepared carbons in this study initially rose from 1.9 to 3.1 % due to an increase in phosphoric acid. These results conclude that M. cajuputi leaves are an effective precursor to produce the cheapest and most economical activated carbon (adsorbent) that could serve as a substitute for commercial activated carbon. Furthermore, M. cajuputi AC is effective and often considered harmless and nontoxic, which is beneficial when used as an adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from the environment. It is less harmful to human health and the environment compared to chemically hazardous, manufactured adsorbents.

The climate, geomorphological changes, and hydrological elements that have occurred have all influenced future flood episodes by increasing the likelihood and intensity of extreme weather occurrences like extreme precipitation events. River bank erosion is a natural geomorphic process that occurs in all channels. As modifications of sizes and channel shapes are made to transport the discharge, sediment abounds from the stream catchment, and floods are triggered dramatically. The aim of this study is to analyze the flood-sensitive regions along the Pahang River Basin and determine how climate and river changes would have an impact on flooding based on hydrometeorological data and information on river characteristics. The study is divided into three stages, namely the upstream, middle stream, and downstream of the Pahang River. The main primary hydrometeorological data and river characteristics, such as Sinuosity Index, Dominant Slope Range and Entrenchment Ratio collected as important inputs in the statistical analysis process. The statistical analyses, namely HACA, PCA, and Linear Regression applied in river classification. The result showed that the middle stream and downstream areas demonstrated the worst flooding affected by anthropogenic and hydrological factors. Rainfall distribution is one of the factors that contributed to the flood disaster. There are strong correlations between the Sinuosity Index (SI) and water level, which indicates that changes occurred at both planform and stream classification. The best management practices towards sustainability are based on the application of the outcomes that have been obtained after the analysis of Pahang River planform changes, Pahang River geometry, and the local rainfall pattern in the Pahang River Basin.