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Abstract Varicella is endemic worldwide. In China, varicella has not yet been included in the list of legal infectious diseases, nor has a unified national surveillance program been established. And the live attenuated varicella vaccine has not been included in routine immunization. In this study, we analyzed for the first time the varicella epidemiology in Jilin Province in the past 20 years, and the nucleotide site, amino acid site and N-glycosylation site variation of glycoprotein in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) surface 9 in the past 15 years. The results showed that the reported incidence of varicella in Jilin Province in the last 20 years was fluctuating above and below 20/100,000, especially after the epidemic of the COVID-19, and fatal cases appeared in individual years. The genotypic branching of VZV was monitored as Clade 2 in the last 15 years. 9 glycogen nucleotide sites of VZV had different degrees of variability, and the variability had specificity. Therefore, it gives us the idea that in order to reduce the incidence of varicella and herpes zoster, a provincial or even national surveillance program should be introduced as early as possible, and the dynamic monitoring of the variability of the nucleotide sites of VZV should be strengthened at the same time as the vaccine immunization strategy is introduced.

At present， most smart wearable devices are smart watches， wristbands， etc.， which have the problems of high rigidity， poor comfort and frequent charging， making it difficult to meet the requirements of ergonomics and clothing comfort. They cannot be worn for a long time to achieve all-weather monitoring. Textile triboelectric nanogenerator （T-TENG） can be integrated into shoes and clothing as flexible power sources and self-powered sensors， making it an ideal wearable device for active human health monitoring and enforcement. However， most of the reported T-TENG need to be packaged and then integrated into clothing before use， resulting in a reduced air permeability of clothing. In addition， most of the current studies are in the laboratory stage， and the properties of T-TENG such as durability， sensitivity and stability in actual use are not fully considered. In this paper， the basic working mode， material selection， manufacturing method， integrated footwear and clothing mode， and application scenarios of T-TENG were reviewed. The preparation methods of T-TENG for nanofiber membrane and textile composite materials， fiber/yarn-based T-TENG， and fabric-based T-TENG were mainly discussed. New strategies for the development and integration of comfortable T-TENG in the future were proposed， including the large-scale preparation of T-TENG， the integration of T-TENG and traditional clothing， the compatibility of T-TENG monitoring accuracy and comfort， and the durability and stability of T-TENG.

Purposes Aiming at the problem that Granger Causality (GC) analysis in EEG emotion recognition does not consider the interaction between nodes when constructing brain network, a method of constructing brain network by combining fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) and GC analysis is proposed. Methods First, on the basis of the correspondence between the structure of FCM and GC brain network, the GC brain network is modeled and improved by using the causal attributes among FCM nodes, and the FCM-GC brain network is constructed, by taking into account the cooperative interaction among nodes. Furthermore, in order to deeply integrate FCM with GC brain network, the spatial position information of EEG electrode channel is added to FCM training, and a new IFCM-GC brain network is constructed. On the basis of DEAP emotional EEG database, the features of IFCM-GC brain network are extracted, and the support vec tor machine is used as the recognition model. The average recognition rates in valence dimension and incentive dimension are 97.10% and 97.00%, respectively, which are more than 8% higher than the existing research on GC improvement. Findings The GC brain network constructed by this method takes into account the cooperative interaction among multiple nodes, and effectively improves the performance of emotion recognition system.

This study explored the effect of commercial ripened Pu-erh tea (Y562, China Tea (Yunnan) Industry Co. Ltd.) on improving the health of populations with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Qualified volunteers were recruited for nutritional epidemiological and clinical intervention studies. The volunteers were asked to drink the tea for three months. Their body composition (body mass, body mass index (BMI), body fat ratio and visceral fat), body circumferences (waist circumference, hip circumference and neck circumference), glucose metabolism-related indicators (fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin), lipid metabolism-related indicators (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and B), blood uric acid levels, liver fat contents, and gut microbiota were tested and compared before and after drinking the tea to explore its health benefits. The results showed that after drinking Y562 without any change in diet or exercise for three months, the body mass, BMI, body circumferences, blood lipids (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and B), and liver fat contents of the volunteers were significantly improved (P 0.05). Moreover, the gut microbiota was improved, showing increased uniformity. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium screenens and Streptococcus thermophilus was increased, while that of Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Paraacteroides distasonis was decreased. This study suggests that ripened Pu-erh tea Y562 has the potential to help reduce the body mass, improve the body shape, reduce blood glucose and lipids, and alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of the intestinal microecology and the bile acid pathways by Pu-erh tea.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of "jian pi yi qi yang xue zhi tong" for treating bone metastasis of breast cancer and the clinical effect of improving pain symptoms. Methods A total of 80 patients with bone metastases from breast cancer were admitted. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random-number-table method. The control group was treated with zoledronic acid, whereas the observation group was treated with jian pi yi qi yang xue zhi tong prescriptions based on the control group. We compared the differences in the effects of different treatment plans on patients' pain symptoms, physical condition, and quality of life, as well as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels. Results No significant difference was found in pain scores, physical condition scores, sleep quality scores, and quality of life scores, as well as CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α levels between the two groups of patients before treatment (all P > 0.05). At one, two, and four months after treatment, the pain scores of both groups of patients decreased, with the observation group having lower scores than the control group (P < 0.05). The total pain-relief rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the sleep quality scores and the levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α decreased, with the observation group having lower values than the control group (P < 0.05). The physical condition scores and the quality of life scores of both groups improved, with the observation group having higher values than the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with bone metastases from breast cancer, oral treatment with jian pi yi qi yang xue zhi tong prescription has a significant effect. It substantially improves the pain symptoms, enhances the quality of sleep and life of patients, and reduces the levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α.

Recent advancements in nanotechnology have spotlighted lipid nanocarriers as potent mediums for drug delivery, with solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs) emerging as a key focus due to their unique structural attributes. This research specifically addresses the development and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of SLNs loaded with sodium aescinate. To identify the most effective composition, a detailed pseudo-ternary phase diagram was employed. The production process of these SLNs involved sophisticated high-pressure homogenization techniques. For characterization, the average particle size and zeta potential were precisely measured using advanced laser diffractometry. Additionally, to ascertain the effectiveness of the drug encapsulation, the SLNs underwent a rigorous high-speed centrifugation process, enabling accurate determination of both the encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading capacity. The results of this research reveal that a relatively refined method for determining sodium aescinate content has been established, and a reasonable formulation has been selected for the preparation of sodium aescinate solid lipid nanoparticles. The average particle size was 142.32 ± 0.17 nm, the zeta potential was 1.60 ± 0.32 mV, and the encapsulation rate was 73.93 ± 4.65%. The drug loading was 13.41 ± 1.25%. In conclusion, this method can produce stable solid lipid nanoparticles containing sodium aescinate with uniform particle size, even distribution after encapsulation, and significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of serum 8 ‑ hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8 ‑ OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and cognitive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods From February 2021 to February 2022, 126 patients with PD in The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were divided into normal cognitive function group (PDN group, n = 41), mild cognitive impairment group (PD‑MCI group, n = 47) and Parkinson's disease dementia group (PDD group, n = 38), and 50 healthy subjects were selected as control group. Hoehn‑Yahr staging was used to evaluate the severity of patients with PD during the "close" period of anti‑PD drugs, and the motor function of patients with PD was evaluated by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS Ⅲ). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate the severity of cognitive dysfunction at rest and in the "on" period of anti‑ PD drugs, and the serum 8 ‑ OHdG and MDA of PD patients and controls were collected. Pearson and partial correlation analyses were used to analyze the correlation between the levels of serum 8‑OHdG and MDA and MoCA score in PD patients. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive dysfunction in PD patients. The efficacy analysis of serum 8‑OHdG and MDA levels in predicting the risk of cognitive dysfunction in PD patients was carried out by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between the MoCA score and the duration (r = ‑ 0.241, P = 0.007), Hoehn‑Yahr staging (r = ‑ 0.333, P = 0.007), 8‑OHdG (r = ‑ 0.310, P = 0.000) and MDA (r = ‑ 0.291, P = 0.004) in PD patients. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the elevated levels of 8‑OHdG (OR = 1.335, 95%CI: 1.137-1.568; P = 0.000) and MDA (OR = 2.928, 95%CI: 1.676-5.115; P = 0.000) were risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in PD patients. The results of ROC curve showed the areas under the curve of 8‑OHdG, MDA and their combination in predicting cognitive dysfunction in PD patients were 0.831 (95%CI: 0.761-0.902, P = 0.000), 0.846 (95%CI: 0.775-0.916, P = 0.000) and 0.922 (95%CI: 0.878-0.966, P = 0.000), respectively. Conclusions The detection of 8‑OHdG and MDA in peripheral blood is expected to be a serum marker to evaluate the severity of cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD, and to predict cognitive dysfunction in patients with PD.

Abstract Introduction Many asthmatic patients are exposed to cigarette smoke actively or passively, which contributes to asthma exacerbation and poor control. This study is to explore the effects of cigarette smoke on pathological changes in murine surrogate of asthma. Methods C57BL/6 mice were sensitised and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish a surrogate of asthma and then administered with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was measured using the Flexivent system. Histological staining (haematoxylin‐eosin [HE], periodic acid Schiff [PAS], Congo red and Masson's trichrome) was employed to measure pathological changes in sections of lung tissue of experimental mice. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the concentrations of total and OVA‐specific IgE, cytokines and chemokines (eotaxin‐1, IL‐13, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐17A, IL‐33) in the lung tissue homogenates. Immunoreactivity for vWF and α‐SMA in lung tissue sections was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Exposure of the animals to CSE significantly reduced OVA‐induced AHR, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and eosinophils infiltrating into the lung tissue, as well as concentrations of some cytokines in lung homogenate. In contrast, it significantly enhanced the number of macrophages and M2 in BALF, as well as collagen deposition, smooth muscle thickness and alveolar destruction in lung tissue. Conclusion CSE inhibits OVA‐induced AHR, changes inflammation ‘phenotypes’, while accelerates some aspects of airways remodelling, which might contribute to worse symptoms and be refractory to anti‐inflammation therapies for asthmatics.

Fruits and vegetables are valued for their flavor and high nutritional content, but their perishability and seasonality present challenges for storage and marketing. To address these, it is essential to accurately monitor their quality and predict shelf life. Unlike traditional methods, machine learning efficiently handles large datasets, identifies complex patterns, and builds predictive models to estimate food shelf life. These models can be continuously refined with new data, improving accuracy and robustness over time. This article discusses key machine learning methods for predicting shelf life and quality control of fruits and vegetables, with a focus on storage conditions, physicochemical properties, and non-destructive testing. It emphasizes advances such as dataset expansion, model optimization, multi-model fusion, and integration of deep learning and non-destructive testing. These developments aim to reduce resource waste, provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the formation of modern intelligent agricultural supply chains, promote sustainable green development of the food industry, and foster interdisciplinary integration in the field of artificial intelligence.

Leaf rolling (LR) is one of the defensive mechanisms that plants have developed against adverse environmental conditions. LR is a typical drought response, promoting drought resistance in various gramineae species, including wheat, maize, and rice. Rice cultivation faces the formidable challenge of water deprivation because of its high water requirements, which leads to drought-related symptoms in rice. LR is an important morphological characteristic that plays a key role in controlling water loss during water insufficiency, thereby regulating leaf area and stature, which are crucial agronomic traits determining yield criteria. Bulliform, sclerenchyma, mesophyll, and vascular bundles are the cells that engage in LR and commonly exhibit adaxial or abaxial types of rolling in rice. The specific genes linked to rolling, either adaxially or abaxially, are discussed here. In addition to the factors influencing LR, here is a short review of the morphological, physiological and molecular responses of this adaptation under drought stress. Moreover, this review highlights how LR combats the consequences of drought stress. The eco-physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this morphological adaptation in rice should be further explored, as they might be useful in dealing with various degrees of drought tolerance.

Abstract Background The IL-6R antibody tocilizumab has been proven effective in treating Takayasu arteritis (TA). However, some patients show silent vascular stenosis progression (VSP) despite treatment with tocilizumab. The aim of the study was to explore the related risk factors of VSP in patients treated with tocilizumab. Methods Patients receiving tocilizumab were enrolled from the prospective living ongoing East China Takayasu Arteritis cohort. Their medical information was uniformly recorded with a homogenized evaluation method. Magnetic resonant angiography or computed tomographic angiography was employed to monitor VSP during the follow-up period, and Cox regression analysis was performed to explore the related risk factors. Results Thirty-eight patients were enrolled, among whom 18 (47.4%) experienced VSP, and seven and three patients experienced new and worsened vascular ischemic symptoms and events (VISE) during follow-up, respectively. The median period for VSP occurrence was 6.9 months during follow-up. Patients with VSP showed higher levels of baseline complement 3 (C3) than those in the patients without VSP. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed baseline C3 level (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.50–33.07, p = 0.013) was independently associated with VSP, with a cut-off value of 1.22 g/L. Conclusions 47.4% of TA patients treated with tocilizumab would suffer VSP. A high C3 level is a risk factor for VSP in TA patients receiving tocilizumab, which may facilitate the option of tocilizumab in the future.

The present study aimed to determine the capsular serotype distribution and antimicrobial drug resistance patterns of Haemophilus influenzae from children in the Kunming region of China. This information could guide policymakers in clinical treatment. In the present study, H. influenzae isolates were tested for their serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and presence of β-lactamases. One-hundred forty-eight H. influenzae strains isolated from children 0–2 years old were investigated for capsular types by glass slide agglutination and molecular methods, and biotyped by the biochemical reactions. The drug resistance-encoding genes TEM-1, ROB-1, and the ftsI gene mutations PBP3-3, and PBP3-BLN were detected with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing strains (60.3%) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than non-enzyme-producing strains. β-Lactamase-producing strains were multidrug resistant to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, cefuroxime, and cefaclor. Among β-lactamase-producing strains, the detection rates of the TEM-1, PBP3-BLN, PBP3-s, and ROB-1 were 54.1%, 18.9%, 11.8%, and 6.9%, respectively. The biotyping results show that most H. influenzae strains were of type II and III. Non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi) accounted for 89.3% of the strains. NTHi strains were the most prevalent in this region; most belonged to biological types II and III. β-Lactamase-positive ampi-cillin-resistant (BLPAR) strains were prevalent among H. influenzae isolates in this region.

Discursive reading ability is an important component of English proficiency and an important measure of the level of language proficiency; to a large extent, the development of reading ability can contribute to the improvement of a student’s language ability, and the development of English reading ability in English teaching is one of the important requirements of English teaching under the new curriculum reform. The development of science and technology and multiculturalism in today’s society has led to the multimodality of most information transmission activities, which requires people to have corresponding multimodal reading abilities. The traditional English teaching mode is largely unable to meet the needs of the times, which makes it necessary to further explore the application of multimodal teaching mode in the English classroom. This paper focuses on the use of modality in English reading classrooms. The hypothesis of “multimodal reading classrooms can improve students’ learning interest and reading ability” is used as the theoretical support, and systemic functional linguistics, multimodal discourse analysis theory, and constructivist theory are used as the theoretical support. We used questionnaires and interviews to explore the multimodal teaching model of English reading. The experimental results show that the multimodal teaching model helps to improve students’ English performance, reading ability, and interest in English reading. To a certain extent, the multimodal teaching model can promote the development of English teaching, guarantee the quality of the course teaching, and make the English course less boring.

Silk has evolved a unique silk culture in its long history, and silk patterns have condensed the external aesthetics of silk culture and shown distinctive national characteristics. This paper firstly constructs the cultural communication network of the 17th-18th century Maritime Silk Road through big data technology and uses social network analysis to study the structural characteristics of the cultural and artistic communication network. The MPI multidimensional spatio-temporal communication evolution model is used to delineate the network’s layers further, and exploratory spatial data analysis is introduced to explore the spatio-temporal communication evolution pattern of the network. Finally, in the empirical analysis, 200 years of silk pattern data from 1600-1800 in China were selected to establish four dimensions and 11 indicators data for measurement. A comprehensive MPI multidimensional spatio-temporal propagation evolution model was derived by principal component analysis to derive the contribution of each indicator. The results show that the multidimensional cultural dissemination index of traditional silk pattern culture and art from 1600 to 1800 was 0.7461 and approximated to 0.8, and the dissemination influence was 0.2252, respectively, rising to 97%, indicating that the dissemination of silk pattern culture and art in the 17th-18th centuries was a flourishing trend. The MPI multidimensional spatial and temporal communication evolution model proposed in this paper effectively visualizes and analyzes the communication channels of silk pattern culture and art, which provides a guiding reference for the revival and communication of modern Chinese traditional culture.

This paper firstly combines English teaching in colleges and universities and big data technology and proposes the information technology of English teaching in colleges and universities based on the fusion of multi-source and multi-objective statistical information and conducts research on the traditional teaching optimization algorithm and multi-task teaching optimization algorithm to promote English teaching in colleges and universities. Secondly, in the “teaching” phase, teachers and teaching assistants teach according to the difference between their average level and the class average to increase the value of each student’s factor and increase individual exploration and group diversity in the “learning” phase. Then, the English teaching platform was designed and studied regarding system structure and platform function, simulated and analyzed. The results show that the efficiency of the multitasking optimization algorithm is increased by 21.85% compared with the traditional teaching optimization algorithm for the number of concurrent users from 10 to 100 and 16.46% when the number of concurrent users is 100, which has a positive effect on students’ English learning efficiency.

High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), as a ubiquitous nuclear protein, expresses in almost all cells. After activation and release, HMGB1 binds to its receptor and mediates pulmonary inflammatory response. HMGB1 signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of bronchial asthma. Related targeted drug therapy has been carried out in animal test and in clinical trials.

Summary: Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) lacks effective pharmacologic treatments. Microarray-based gene expression indicates the crucial role of Cullin 5 (Cul 5) in HPH. This study showed that Cul 5 was upregulated in HPH patients and a murine model of HPH. In vitro, Cul 5 promoted the angiogenesis and adhesion capacity of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), which could be mitigated by Cul 5 inactivation mediated by pevonedistat or NEDD8 silence. In vivo, silencing of Cul 5 in the endothelium and Cul 5 inactivation by pevonedistat could also alleviate hypoxic vascular remodeling. Mechanistic research showed that Cul 5 participated in HPH pathogenesis via the TRAF6/NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway. Inhibition of the TRAF6/NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway could reverse Cul 5-induced human PAEC dysfunction. These findings demonstrate that Cul 5 is an important mediator of HPH via the TRAF6/NF-κB/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway firstly, and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target in the clinical treatment of HPH.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of treatment with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma followed by complexation with resveratrol on the physicochemical properties and digestibility of green banana starch. The results showed that DBD plasma treatment improved the complexation between banana starch and resveratrol. Compared with unmodified banana starch, the solubility, retrogradation properties, oil-holding capacity, gelatinization temperature (the onset gelatinization temperature (To), peak gelatinization temperature (Tp) and conclusion gelatinization temperature (Tc) increased from 64.10, 71.14 and 73.92 ℃ to 70.18, 75.79 and 82.53 ℃, respectively) and digestibility of the complex were significantly improved, while the swelling power and freeze-thaw stability were reduced. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that DBD plasma treatment produced more starch fragments and etched the starch surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that resveratrol combined with banana starch through CH-π bond, which made the structure of the complex more compact and orderly, forming a non V-type inclusion complex with high crystallinity. Therefore, plasma treatment and then complexation with polyphenols can improve the processing properties of banana starch, which will contribute to the development of new health foods.

The orbit of BeiDou satellite system is a very ideal space environment monitoring area. The radiation dosimeters are present on this series of navigation satellites, and they are respectively installed in the x, y and z positions. A charge detector installed in the satellite cabin is used for monitoring satellite deep charging potential. Radiation dosimeters select the 100 nm P-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) sensors, whose monitoring range can reach 2 × 106 rad (Si). In the circuit design part, the “zero temperature coefficient” current of the PMOS is used as the constant current source for measuring, which effectively reduces the influence of temperature effect. Three radiation dosimeters realize the daily dose change monitoring during the satellite’s operation, and the detection accuracy is high. The deep charging potential sensor adopts the equivalent capacitor design which is composed of the outer optical quartz glass and the inner circular gold-plate. The two kinds of detection instruments have the characteristics of small volume, low power consumption and high detection accuracy. The detection results show that they have important application value for space environment prediction and guarantee.

This work introduces the instruments’ design of multi-directional medium-energy electron detector (energy range: 30–770 keV) and high-energy electron detector (energy range: 400 keV to 5.8 MeV) deployed on one of the BeiDou navigation satellites in medium earth orbit. Through the electromagnetic compatibility design, the problem of the detector signal being susceptible to electromagnetic interference is solved and the lower detection limit reaches a very low level of 20 keV. The proton contamination in the electron measurement can be effectively removed by designing the light-blocking layer and the logical working mode of the sensors. The detector circuits and sensor structure are optimized and the miniaturization of the instrument is realized. This study also introduces the calibration method of the detectors, and gives the ground test results, which can provide a basis for the on-orbit calibration and data processing of the instrument.

Space radiation particles will cause a variety of radiation effects on orbiting satellites, such as single event effects, total ionizing dose, displacement damage, etc. In response to these space radiation effects, BeiDou Navigation satellites M15/M16 operating in medium earth orbit (MEO) developed the first integrated monitor for high-energy proton and particle radiation effects, based on space particle radiation detection technology. This payload realizes the joint observation of the high-energy proton environment, particle radiation linear energy transfer spectrum, and total radiation dose in the MEO. According to the detection data, research on the characteristics and laws of the space particle radiation effects can be carried out, and the problem of spacecraft reliability verification in orbit can be solved from the causal chain. In this article, we have introduced the high-energy proton detector (energy range 3–300 MeV), including technical indicators, working principles, instrument design, and ground calibration.

【Objective】 This paper is to analyze the spatial change in groundwater quality and its determinants in irrigation areas in Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, in attempts to provide a baseline guidance for sustainable utilization of groundwater resources and alleviating groundwater pollution. 【Method】 The analysis was based on 1 292 groundwater quality measurement data, from which we analyzed the groundwater chemical composition and chemistry types using the descriptive statistical analysis method and the Piper trilinear diagram method. The groundwater quality was analyzed using the water quality index method, USSL diagram and Wilcox diagram; spatial variation in groundwater quality and its determinants were calculated using the Kriging interpolation, factor analysis and ion ratio methods. 【Result】 Groundwater quality in the gravelly inclined plain in front of the mountain was better than that in the fine soil plain in the middle and low reaches of the basin. Dissolution of rocks increased ion contents in the groundwater, and groundwater quality deteriorates gradually from the gravelly inclined plain to the fine soil plain. The soluble salt concentration of groundwater in irrigation areas was considerably high; ions in shallow groundwater precipitated due to evaporation, resulting in salt accumulation on the soil surface. The factors affecting groundwater quality are ranked in the order: single structured unconfined groundwater>confined groundwater>unconfined groundwater in confined area. 【Conclusion】 The groundwater quality in the irrigation areas was jointly affected by evaporation and mineral dissolution, the redox in original geology, and human activities, in addition to aquifer type, groundwater recharge-discharge, runoff and cation exchange.

Objective: To determine the quality changes of the quality of pork ribs in simultaneous combination of steam and microwave cooking. Methods: The physicochemical quality, texture, fatty acids, amino acids, total thiol group, total carbonyl and vitro protein digestibility of pork ribs treated with simultaneous combination of steam and microwave were investigated. Results: The simultaneous combination of steam and microwave could significantly reduce the cooking time compared with the single steaming. And the combined cooking of microwave with 500 W and steam with 1 300 W for 13 min (MS-13) could reduce 48% of the cooking time. Compared with other groups, the pork ribs of MS-13 group had the highest moisture content, protein content and sulfhydryl content, which were higher than those of the individual steamed group for 5.91%, 5.85% and 101.60%, respectively, which were higher than the microwave group for 14.55%, 4.90% and 19.78%, respectively. The pork ribs of MS-13 group had the lowest fat content and carbonyl content, which were 91.87% and 45.02% of the individual steamed group, and 95.48% and 67.18% of the individual microwave group. Compared with fresh pork ribs, the relative contents of unsaturated fatty acids of MS-13 group increased significantly. Conclusion: It can be seen that the pork ribs cooked by microwave with 500 W and steam with 1 300 W for 13 min had better sensory and nutritional quality.

With the development of genome sequencing, many researchers have investigated the mechanism by which the intestinal microbiota influences sleep across the brain-gut axis. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and sleep disorder remains unclear. Thus, we studied the difference in gut microbiota composition between poor sleep quality- and normal populations, which helps set the ground for future research. The recruited college students provided baseline information and stool samples and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We compared the two groups’ gut microbiota composition and functional differentiation by using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The main bacterial difference and the most critical effect were mainly concentrated within Tenericutes and Elusimicrobia. Compared with the healthy control group, some functions of the gut microbiota were impaired in the poor sleep quality group, such as butanoate metabolism and propanoate metabolism. Bacterial taxa with significant differences raised the possibility for future diagnosis and treatment of sleep problems.

Elderly asthmatics have higher morbidity and mortality compared with those of youngers. It has been shown that there are also some differences in clinic phenomena between young and elderly asthmatics, however, there is lack of the kinetic comparisons of the changes in the development of asthma between two populations. To better understand the specific pathophysiological manifestations in older patients with asthma, we dynamically and parallelly compared pathophysiological changes in the airways and lung tissues between young and old murine asthma surrogates based on sensitization and challenge with house dust mite (HDM). Murine models were established in young (6–8-week-old) and old (16–17-month-old) female wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Our data showed that repetitive HDM exposure induced relatively low type 2 immune responses (airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophils recruitment, expression of type 2 cytokines, mucus secretion, serum HDM specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG) in old mice. However, the type 3 immune responses (neutrophils infiltration and IL-17A expression) were enhanced in old HDM exposed mice, which sustained longer and higher than that of young mice. Notably, the relatively weakened allergic inflammation characteristics might be associated with lower numbers of CD20+ B cells and IgE+ cells in the iBALTs in old mice compared with those in young mice. Our data suggest that aging might compromise the ability to induce type 2 immune responses, but enhance type 3 immune responses upon repetitive HDM challenge, which might cause relevant phenomena in old experimental mice and might even be applicable to elderly patients with asthma in the clinic.

Abstract Allergic asthma is an allergic inflammatory disease of the airways, in which numerous cell types and cytokines have been shown to contribute to pathogenesis of the disease. Although increased expression of IL-9 has been shown to influence the activity of structural as well as eosinophils and mast cells in asthma, the influence of IL-9 on function of ILC2 and Th2 cells remains unclear. This study therefore aimed to elucidate the role of IL-9 on ILC2 and Th2 cells using a murine model of asthma. A murine model of asthma was established using wild type (WT) and IL-9-deficient (Il9 −/− ) transgenic mice sensitized to house dust mite (HDM). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected, and analysed for inflammatory cells (eosinophils, mast cells, Th2 cells and ILC2 cells), histopathological changes, and several cytokines. HDM challenge significantly increased accumulation of ILC2 cells, Th2 cells and mast cells, as well as goblet cell hyperplasia, and the expression of cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, but not IFN-γ, in WT mice compared to saline-challenged control group. In contrast, all pathological changes, including infiltration of ILC2 cells, Th2 cells and mast cells, were significantly attenuated in HDM-challenged Il9 −/− mice. Furthermore, the number of Ki67+ILC2 cells, Ki67+Th2 cells and Ki67+mast cells were significantly reduced in the absence of IL-9 signalling. These data suggest that IL-9 promotes the proliferation and type 2 cytokine production of type 2 cells in the murine models of asthma, and therefore might be a potential therapeutic target for asthma treatment.

Abstract Objectives In IgG4-related disease, the relationship between pathological findings and relapse has not been well established. This study aimed to identify the clinical and pathological predictors of disease relapse in IgG4-RD. Methods Patients with newly diagnosed IgG4-RD (n = 71) were enrolled between January 2011 and April 2020; all cases were pathologically confirmed. The clinical and pathological features were recorded in a database at baseline and each follow-up visit. Patients were followed up at least once a month via outpatient clinic examinations and telephone calls. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses and receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis were used to identify the predictors of disease relapse and to assess their predictive value. Results Over a median follow-up of 26 (range, 6–123) months, 3/71 (4.2%) patients died. Of the remaining 68 patients, 47 (69.1%) patients had achieved clinical remission and 21 (30.9%) had suffered relapse at the last follow-up. The independent predictors of relapse were IgG4 ≥ 6.5 g/L (HR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.11–7.23), IgG ≥ 20.8 g/L (HR = 4.11, 95% CI: 1.53–11.06), IgG4-RD responder index (RI) ≥ 9 (HR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.28–11.37), and severe IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration (HR = 6.32, 95% CI: 1.79–22.41). A prognostic score developed using three of the identified predictors (IgG ≥ 20.8 g/L, IgG4-RD RI ≥ 9, and severe IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration) showed good value for predicting impending relapse (AUC, 0.806). Conclusions In patients with IgG4-RD, IgG4 ≥ 6.5 g/L, IgG ≥ 20.8 g/L, IgG4-RD responder index (RI) ≥ 9, and severe IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration are predictors of relapse.

Abstract The association between pulse pressure and long‐term mortality was investigated among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The study population included 5055 ACS patients in the Department of Cardiology of Beijing Friendship Hospital who were enrolled from January 2013 to July 2019. The median duration of follow‐up was 24 months. Multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the relationships between PP on inpatient admission and mortalities. Non‐linear associations were studied by restricted cubic splines. Considering the heart function, the analyses were performed in the whole cohort and the LVEF > = 0.5 cohort separately. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the different diagnosis (the myocardial infarction subgroup and the unstable angina pectoris subgroup). When PP was used as categorical variable, the high PP group (≥61 mm Hg) significantly increased the risk of death compared with the intermediate PP group (50–60 mm Hg) in the both cohorts. When PP was used as continuous variable, a U‐shape relationship were found between PP and mortalities in the whole cohort (p (for nonlinearity) = .005 and .003, respectively), with reference PP level of 55 mm Hg. However, this U‐shape relationship disappeared in the LVEF > 0.5 cohort (p (for nonlinearity) = .111 and .117, respectively). The similar results were obtained in MI subgroup. From this study, the U‐shape relationships between PP level and all‐cause and cardiac mortalities were found in ACS patients who underwent PCI. The U‐shape relationships disappeared in the LVEF > 0.5 cohort. The reference PP level was 55 mm Hg.

Allergic disease is one of the most common chronic diseases, which can affect both children and adults, be often caused by allergen-induced unfavorable immune responses, and initiate various symptoms in different organs, including up-/low-airways and skin, such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and rhinosinusitis. With increasing prevalence of allergic disease worldwide and their impact on the quality of life, new biological therapeutic approaches for these disorders become hot areas of intensive research. Multiple factors are involved and play important role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease, which can promote or trigger T helper 2 (Th2)-type immune responses, leading to production of the type 2 cytokines and immunoglobulin E (IgE)，the two critical events in the allergic diseases. Using monoclonal antibodies to target these molecules, therefore, might provide possible benefits for the patients suffered from these diseases. Apart of those having approved biologics for allergic diseases, some potential targets such as epithelial-derived alarmins thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) have been also described and proposed to develop monoclonal antibodies against either these cytokines, their receptors, or both. These new and potential targets have substantially enriched the therapeutic opportunities in the field of allergic diseases. The present review aims to briefly outline the role of monoclonal antibodies targeting the cytokines and immunoglobulin involved in the development of allergic diseases, and to discuss the clinical effects of these antibodies.

In order to meet the needs of the mother and fetus during pregnancy, the various systems in the body have more or less changed. However, because of individual differences,some pregnant women may suffer from metabolic syndrome such as type 2 diabetes(T2D) mellitus, lipid disorder, and hypertension, which will affect the health of mothers and the development of nervous and cardiovascular systems of their offspring. Therefore, controlling various metabolic abnormalities is beneficial to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Using traditional remains and the evolution of cultural landscapes as bases for overall protection and “production-living-ecology spaces” (PLE spaces) as carriers, we have established a regional and holistic research path, “evaluation – zoning – zone evolution – integrated conservation,” to cultural landscape protection. The traditional cultural landscape of more than 97% of all administrative villages in Meicheng was evaluated, and the overall Hakka cultural landscape was divided into three zones of low, medium, and high traditional values. The study found that the different impacts of urbanization on geographical space were leading contributors to the generation of different spatial zones. To accommodate the evolving trends of the zones, three conservation modes and their corresponding protection strategies have been proposed: construction with traditional elements; parallel conservation and development; and authenticity preservation. Meanwhile, the regional artery-tributary pattern has been constructed to foster interconnection across hubs, artery-tributary systems, and different zones. Cultural tourism routes should be established, and regional courier roads and greenways should be linked, to ensure the alignment of traditional landscape networks with modern Hakka cultural landscape networks, featuring traditional elements to facilitate integrated regional conservation of the Hakka cultural landscape.

Abstract Background Hypertension occurred in 30–80% of Takayasu arteritis (TAK) patients around the world and the occurrence of hypertension might worsen the disease prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and imaging phenotypes, as well as their associations with events free survival (EFS) in Chinese TAK patients with hypertension. Methods This current research was based on a prospectively ongoing observational cohort-the East China Takayasu Arteritis (ECTA) cohort, centered in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Totally, 204 TAK patients with hypertension were enrolled between January 2013 and December 2019. Clinical characteristics and imaging phenotypes of each case were evaluated and their associations with the EFS by the end of August 30, 2020, were analyzed. Results Severe hypertension accounted for 46.1% of the entire population. Three specific imaging phenotypes were identified: Cluster 1: involvement of the abdominal aorta and/or renal artery (27.5%); Cluster 2: involvement of the ascending aorta, thoracic aorta, the aortic arch, and/or its branches (18.6%); and Cluster 3: combined involvement of Cluster 1 and 2 (53.9%). Clinical characteristics, especially hypertensive severity, differed greatly among the three imaging clusters. In all, 187 patients were followed up for a median of 46 (9–102) months; 72 events were observed in 60 patients (1–3 per person). The overall blood pressure control rate was 50.8%, and the EFS was 67.9% by the end of the follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that controlled blood pressure (HR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.32–3.74), Cluster 1 (HR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.48–0.92) and Cluster 3 (HR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.43–0.94) imaging phenotype was associated with the EFS. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that patients with controlled blood pressure showed better EFS (p = 0.043). Furthermore, using cases with Cluster 1 imaging phenotype and controlled blood pressure as reference, better EFS was observed in patients with Cluster 2 phenotype and controlled blood pressure (HR = 2.21, 95%CI 1.47–4.32), while the case with Cluster 1 phenotype plus uncontrolled blood pressure (HR = 0.64, 95%CI 0.52–0.89) and those with Cluster 3 phenotype and uncontrolled blood pressure (HR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.76–0.92) suffered worse EFS. Conclusion Blood pressure control status and imaging phenotypes showed significant effects on the EFS for TAK patients with hypertension.

Abstract Background Previous studies suggest that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and neurogenic inflammation may be involved in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)-related high cough sensitivity, although the details of mechanism are largely unknown. Here, we aimed to further explore the potential mechanism involved in IPF-related high cough sensitivity to capsaicin challenge in a guinea pig model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Methods Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were employed to measure the expression of TRP channel subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) and TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), which may be involved in the cough reflex pathway. Immunohistochemical analysis and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression of neuropeptides substance P (SP), Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in lung tissues. Concentrations of nerve growth factor (NGF), SP, neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in lung tissue homogenates were measured by ELISA. Results Cough sensitivity to capsaicin was significantly higher in the model group than that of the sham group. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in the jugular ganglion and nodal ganglion, and SP, NK1R, and CGRP in lung tissue was significantly higher in the model group than the control group. In addition, expression of TRP and neurogenic factors was positively correlated with cough sensitivity of the experimental animals. Conclusion Up-regulated expression of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in the cough reflex pathway and neurogenic inflammation might contribute to the IPF-related high cough sensitivity in guinea pig model.

Abstract Background Mugwort and house dust mite (HDM) are two of the most common inhalant allergens in Asia, however, whether mugwort affects polysensitized HDM+ allergic rhinitis (AR) patients has not been elucidated. Methods Overall, 15,884 AR outpatients were assessed for clinical status. Amino acid sequences of mugwort were determined by mass spectrometry. Afterward, cross-reactivity between mugwort tropomyosin and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 10 (Der p10) was analysed by ELISA inhibition and basophil activation experiments. To compare immunologic responses eliciting by two different tropomyosins, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HDM-monosensitized patients were stimulated by mugwort, HDM, Der p10 and synthetic peptides representing mugwort tropomyosin respectively. Results Polysensitized HDM+AR patients were mainly sensitized to cat and mugwort, and the positive rate of monosensitized HDM+AR out-clinic patients was increased during the mugwort pollen season. Tropomyosin protein was able to find in mugwort. Synthetic tropomyosin peptide of mugwort activated basophils which were primed by HDM-specific IgE; ELISA inhibition experiment showed synthetic tropomyosin peptide of mugwort inhibited IgE binding to HDM tropomyosin, Der p10. Unlike HDM and Derp 10, mugwort and mugwort tropomyosin mainly induced IFN-γ and IL-17 release in PBMCs of monosensitized HDM+AR patients, but not IL-5. Conclusions Pan-allergen tropomyosin accounts for the cross-reactivity between mugwort and HDM, which reminds HDM+ patients to reduce mugwort exposure in mugwort pollen season in virtue of the tropomyosin induced mild inflammation.

Abstract Background Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (GBM) is an autoimmune disease caused by the deposition of circulating anti-GBM antibodies. Non-collagen region of α3 chain of type IV collagen (α3(IV)NC1) is one of the main target antigens, in which EA and EB are the most classical antigen epitopes. It has been reported that anti-GBM antibodies can be detected in HIV patients; however, its immunological characteristics are still unclear. Objectives In this study, the positive rate of the anti-GBM antibodies in HIV and the immunological characteristics of the target antigens were clarified. Methods A total of 93 HIV patients diagnosed in Beijing Youan Hospital from November 2017 to January 2018 were included. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum IgG autoantibodies specifically against GBM in these patients, as well as their subtypes and antigen spectra. Results It was found that five out of the 93 patients with HIV had low to moderate levels of anti-GBM antibodies. However, these patients presented with no clinical manifestation of any kidney injury or pulmonary hemorrhages. Compared with HIV patients with negative antibodies, there were no significant differences in gender, age, CD4+T cell count and HIV viral load. All sera of five patients recognized non-collagenous domain1 (NC1) of alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen [(α3(IV)NC1] as classic anti-GBM patients, followed by α5(IV)NC1. The antibodies against α3(IV)NC1 were IgG3 predominant, while these antibodies did not react with either of the classic epitopes on α3 (EA and EB). Conclusion These data suggest a distinct immunological profile of anti-GBM antibodies in patients with HIV, and might explain the non-pathogenic features of HIV associated anti-GBM antibodies.

Ethiopia is one of the top FDI destinations in Africa and the leading FDI receiver in east Africa. However, little is known about the direct impact of the FDI on the Ethiopian export performance. This study was conducted to fill this gap. As a result, the main objective of this study was to examine the empirical relationship between foreign direct investment and export performance in Ethiopia by using an annual time series data for the period 1992–2018. The analysis was based on the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The long-run model result, which was estimated after a proper application of pre-estimation tests, displayed that the relationship between FDI and export performance was insignificant. The estimated long-run equation also revealed that an increase in the real GDP resulted in an improved export performance in Ethiopia. The coefficient of the real effective exchange rate index in the long-run equation implies that depreciation of the exchange rate improves the export performance. According to the short-run and long-run estimation results, the study provides recommendations to improve Ethiopian export performance. First, national economic policies have to be directed toward keeping the overall health of the economy safe and achieving fast and sustainable growth. Second, with regarding to exchange rate management, long-term effects need to be considered. Finally, attracting more foreign firms to engage in value addition activities for the primary agricultural products would also play a role in enhancing the export performance.

For the purpose of enhancing the online public opinion intervention mechanism, fostering a positive public opinion environment, it is crucial to examine the rules and traits of online public opinion dissemination from multiple perspectives. The paper proposes a fresh approach to measuring network public opinion by analyzing emergency news comments. In order to develop risk assessment indicators, we first employ the multi-round Delphi method. Then, we organize the "COVID-19" news comments using natural language processing and text clustering techniques, correlating the risk assessment indicators with the risk evolution of emergency events. Finally, we analyze the time evolution trend of users’ participation in network public opinion. Results show that the use of news commentary can effectively predict the tendency of social risk. Therefore, the risk assessment method in this paper can judge and warn the network public opinion in time, which is of great value in assisting major emergency management decisions.