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To explore the differences in the quality of Artemisia dracunculus L essential oil at different growth times, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the chemical components of Artemisia annua essential oil. The influence of growth time on its chemical composition and relative content was verified through orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and polymer thermal map analysis. The GC-MS analysis results showed that there were a total of 25 substances at each growth time, including 13 terpenes, 9 alcohols, and 3 other substances. In addition, esters, fatty acids, and ketones were also detected at individual growth times. Cluster heatmap analysis showed that most substances had higher content in S1 and S2, followed by S3 and S4, and S5 and S6 had the lowest content. The overall trend of terpenes was that they first decreased, followed by increasing, and then decreased. The total relative content of terpenes was relatively high in April, followed by May, and the lowest of that was in June. The content of alcohol substances was relatively higher before S4 at various growth times, but decreased after S4. At the same time, the content of α-tocopherol was also higher before S4, and Variable Importance for the Projection (VIP) analysis showed that there were a total of 5 substances with VIP greater than 1, namely oleiferin α- Pinene, 3-Carene γ-Sitosterol β-Sitosterol, respectively. Therefore, havesting Artemisia annua and extracting essential oil before late May cauld yield Artemisia annua essential oil of relatively better quality.

Compared to inland areas, meteorological stations in the island regions appear scarce and unevenly distributed, which leads to noteworthy uncertainty in detailed characterisation of various meteorological elements. For the Zhoushan Islands, located in Southeast China, there exist many islands and islets, and the local terrain is quite complex. Therefore, different interpolation strategies usually generate diverse gridded results, which largely influence the reliability and accuracy of operational climate monitoring and diagnosing. Under the background of climate change, the Zhoushan region is frequently invaded by cold waves in recent years, so how to scientifically choose an interpolation scheme to reasonably represent spatial distribution characteristics of temperature becomes an important issue in local climate operations. To solve this problem, based on the index of root mean square error (RMSE), the interpolation effect of Ordinary Kriging (OK), Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), and ANUSPLIN (ANU) are comparatively analysed for 8 cold wave processes influencing Zhoushan during 2014-2021. Two subdivided indices, i.e., temporal RMSE (TRMSE) and spatial RMSE (SRMSE) are further designed to evaluate the interpolation results on temporal and spatial dimensions respectively. Eleven stations are randomly selected from the total 53 meteorological observational stations to test the interpolation results of OK, IDW, and ANU for the minimum temperature, reduction of daily minimum temperature and daily-mean temperature in the 8 processes. It can be found that the bias in the ANU case is higher than that in the OK and IDW cases. To explain such a phenomenon, 3 interpolation experiments with dense surrounding stations, sparse surrounding stations, and specific distribution of examining stations (all the examining stations are not distributed in the main island of Zhoushan) are further designed. The results demonstrate that the performance of the ANU strategy is closely linked to the spread situation of peripheral stations. When the surrounding stations are concentrated, the interpolation bias of ANU is usually smaller than that of OK and IDW. However, if the surrounding stations appear sparse, the bias of ANU exhibits much larger. In the scenario of dense peripheral stations, regardless of the examining sites distributed over the main island or not, the ANU solution can always get the optimal interpolation results, which implies that the impact of topography on the performance of ANU in temperature interpolation is of less importance. Also, the influence of horizontal resolution for interpolation seems secondary. When the horizontal resolution for three interpolation schemes falls down to 1 km×1 km from 30 m×30 m, the change of RMSE is generally less than 0.1 ℃ for most circumstances, so the impact of interpolation resolution can be neglected.

As a subfield of artificial intelligence, machine learning has gained widespread application due to its exceptional ability to learn models and summarize experiences from large datasets. To address the issues of time consumption, labor intensity, poor objectivity, and low accuracy in the flavor quality prediction of jasmine tea, machine learning algorithms were introduced. As a branch of artificial intelligence and computer science, machine learning utilizes data and algorithms to simulate or replicate human learning behavior, exhibiting strong capabilities in handling irrelevant information, extracting feature variables, and building calibration models. It has found broad applications in the food industry. In recent years, there have been numerous reports on the application of machine learning in tea processing, but there are relatively few review articles specifically focused on the application of machine learning techniques in predicting the flavor quality of jasmine tea. This paper reviewed the principles of commonly used machine learning models and their application in predicting the flavor quality of jasmine tea. It introduced the application of current machine learning models in the physical testing, chemical indicators, and microbial and pest detection aspects of jasmine tea flavor quality prediction, with the aim of providing a reference for the application of machine learning in the development of the jasmine tea industry.

Since the development wave of plant-based food in China from 2019, the plant-based food industry has gone through a development process from "soaring and enthusiastic" to "calm and rational". The current development of the entire industry tends to be stable and orderly. After five years of developments, the understandings of plant-based food in its development concepts nutritional characteristics, quality characteristics, processing technology, and policy regulations have basically achieved consensus throughout the industry: Plant-based food is an important way for the food industry to achieve efficient resource utilization and green low-carbon development; plant-based food could provide high-quality protein, which is beneficial for improving the dietary structure of residents; plant-based food has a clear difference from traditional vegetarian food, and it gives full play to its functional properties; the processing of plant-based food should fully realize the nutritional enrichment, quality enhancement and excellent flavor of the products; and the standardized development of the plant-based food industry needs to be supported by the corresponding policies, regulations and standards. In the future, the development of plant-based food industry should be guided by the trend of diversified market development, taking taste, price and clean label as the main problems, breaking through technological bottlenecks, thinking from multiple perspectives, diversifying the choices, and exploring its potential value to achieve the steady progress of the entire industry.

Objective Due to the increase of metro operation mileages and track conditions complexity, abnormal bogie vibrations caused by wheel-rail wear often occur. Bogie frame serves as an important load-bearing component, requiring research on its structural integrity and vibration failure mechanism under abnormal vibration conditions. Method Taking a metro bogie frame as example, based on vibration transmission tests and dynamic stress data, a study is conducted on the abnormal vibration and beam fatigue failure causes of metro vehicles on a line during operation, analyzing the source of disturbance and vibration transmission path. Based on the results of frame working modal tests, the vibration acceleration and dynamic stress time-frequency characteristics at beam failure points when vehicle passing typical sections are analyzed. By analyzing influencing factors such as wheel polygon, rail corrugation, and vehicle operating speed, the amplitude and spectrum characteristics of beam dynamic stress are investigated. Result & Conclusion Before wheel reprofiling, the main measuring points where equivalent stress amplitude exceeds the limit are concentrated at the connections between beams and side beams, beams and small longitudinal beams, and the upper cable supports of beams. After wheel reprofiling, the equivalent stress amplitudes at all measuring points significantly decrease, far below the allowable stress amplitude. The main external excitation source causing beam cracking is the 5 to 8 order wheel polygon, and the exacerbated vehicle vibration caused by wheel off-roundness is the direct cause for fatigue failure of beam cable supports.

Federated learning, capable of training models by sharing gradient parameters, faces the risk of dishonest data aggregation by malicious servers during the model aggregation process. Untrusted users participating in federated learning may also pose a threat by poisoning the global model, thereby compromising the reliability and security of the model training process. To address these issues, homomorphic proxy re-authentication was introduced for the first time to propose a bi-directional authentication method suitable for multi-party aggregation computation. Additionally, a privacy-preserving, efficient, and trustworthy federated learning aggregation method was constructed, combining the double mask technique. This method not only enables users to verify the correctness of global model aggregation results but also allows the aggregation server to assess the trustworthiness and model integrity of the model sources uploaded by the users. It prevents attackers from maliciously manipulating users to disrupt secure aggregation, without leaking users’ private data during the verification process. The security of the verifiable federated aggregation method was demonstrated through formal security analysis, which effectively resists forgery attacks and Sybil attacks, exhibiting good robustness. Simulation experiments further illustrated that the proposed method can achieve credible verification of the aggregation results without impacting federated training. Moreover, the verification process remains unaffected even if users quit in the middle.

Integrated energy system (IES) is the key to achieve the “dual carbon goals” in face of the current energy industry transformation and low-carbon development. In order to improve the carbon emission reduction capacity of the IES, it is necessary to make full use of the load resources on the demand side and the generalized energy storage resources such as traditional energy storage equipment to participate in the optimization of the IES. First, an IES optimization operation model considering renewable energy, energy conversion equipment, generalized energy storage equipment, and energy market transaction is established. Then, the life cycle assessment (LCA) method is used to calculate the carbon emission of the whole process of energy cycle and equipment cycle in the IES, and the carbon emission cost is included in the total cost of the system. The results of simulation experiments show that the proposed model is not only conducive to reducing the total scheduling cost of the IES, but also able to reduce the carbon emissions of the system and effectively promote the low-carbon development of the IES.

Aimed at the problem of uneven supply and distributed renewable energy (DRE) in charging regions and electric vehicle (EV) loads, a multi-region optimal scheduling strategy for EVs considering compensation incentives is proposed to guide EVs to choose different charging regions, so as to promote local consumption of distributed energy. First, an EV charging response model is established based on the price elasticity of demand and users’ time anxiety. Then, based on the principle of remaining power availability and idle time redundancy, EVs are divided into responsive cluster and non-responsive cluster. A charging area decision model based on regret theory is used to further divide the responsive cluster by region. Finally, a multi-region optimal scheduling model for EVs is established, and the charging price is optimized in terms of maximizing the economic benefits of charging service providers and the consumption of DRE. Simulation cases show that the proposed optimization strategy can fully consider the impact of time anxiety and price elasticity on EV users, fully tap the users’ response potential, and has obvious effects in reducing the deviation of distributed new energy consumption and improving the economic benefits of charging service providers.

Objective To evaluate the Health Education Accurately Linking System (HEALS) combined with case-based leaning (CBL)I n nursing teaching ward round in the encephalopathy clinic. Methods Totally 19 registered nurses were recruited. The routing management had been adopted in nursing teaching ward round between January and December. 2021. A modified model based on the HEALS combined with CBL was adopted in the in nursing teaching ward round between January and December. 2021. Practical skills of nurses and their evaluation on nursing teaching ward round were measured. Results Nurses had achieved a higher score of practical skills assessment after implementation of HEALS combined with CBL model (P＜0. 05). The evaluation of enhancing interest, problem solving skills and independent learning in nursing ward rounds based on HEALS combined with CBL was superior to that in routine nursing ward rounts (P＜0. 05). Conclusion The HEALS combined with CBL model has obvious advantages in nursing teaching ward rounds, which can better meet the needs of clinical nursing teaching, effectively cultivate clinical practice and thinking ability, and is conducive to teaching management. (目的 分析健康教育精准连接系统(HEALS)助手联合基于案例学习(CBL)模式在脑病科护理教学查房中的应用效果。方法 选择脑病科19名注册护士作为研究对象。2021年1月—12月实施常规护理查房; 2022年1月—12月护理查房中采用HEALS助手联合CBL模式。比较实施前和实施后护士技能操作成绩, 对比两种模式下护士对护理教学查房效果的评价。结果 实施HEALS助手联合CBL模式后, 护士各项技能操作成绩高于实施前, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。在提升兴趣、问题解决能力、自主学习能力方面, 护士对HEALS助手联合CBL模式下护理教学查房的评价优于常规护理查房, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 在脑病科护理教学查房中, 应用基于HEALS助手联合CBL模式优势明显, 能更好地满足临床护理教学需求, 有效培养护士临床实践和思维能力, 利于教学管理。)

Pelvic exenteration is often required for primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision (PRC-bTME) and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). Some patients with radical resection can achieve long-term survival, but they need to face risks, such as huge surgical trauma, serious perioperative complications, permanent loss of organ function and decline in quality of life. Preoperative evaluation of PRC-bTME and LRRC should emphasize multidisciplinary collaboration and develop individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies. The principles of function preservation and risk-benefit balance in surgery oncology should be followed, and R0 resection should be emphasized. Perioperative complications, surgical trauma and organ function loss should be minimized to achieve the best quality control and balance point. This consensus was formulated by the Colorectal Cancer Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Gastrointestinal Surgery Committee of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care. The draft was formed based on the summary of domestic and foreign research progress and expert experience. After discussion, review and modification by experts, an anonymous voting was conducted for each major opinion, and in-depth verification was carried out according to the principles of evidence-based medicine. Finally, the Chinese expert consensus on the pelvic exenteration with primary rectal cancer beyond total mesorectal excision planes and locally recurrent rectal cancer (2023 edition) was formed. This consensus mainly summarizes the indications and contraindications of pelvic exenteration (PE) for PRC-bTME and LRRC, preoperative diagnosis and evaluation, perioperative treatment, as well as the resection scope, surgical methods, reconstruction of related organs, safety and complications of PE, postoperative follow-up and other issues, in order to provide guidance for PE in patients with PRC-bTME and LRRC.

Abstract Licuala ferruginea Becc., a tropical forest understorey palm, is observed to have fruits that appear red in colour when unripe, turning pink, then white, purple and finally black in colour as they ripen. We monitored 13 fruiting palms in rainforest fragments and recorded the consumption of fruits by animals via camera traps. We also documented the fruiting phenology of two palms in the nursery. In the rainforest fragments, a Cream‐vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus simplex) was observed plucking a mature purple fruit from a L. ferruginea palm, before flying away with the fruit in its beak. This was the only bird that was observed feeding on the mature fruit. A range of mammals, dominated by edge species such as the Long‐tailed Macaque and Wild Boar, were observed to consume L. ferruginea fruits indiscriminately across all five colour stages, thereby limiting the dispersal of the fruits. Forest bulbul gape sizes also matched the fruit size, suggesting that forest bulbuls are the likely dispersers of the palm in the original forest where edge species are not in high densities. We further posit that the initial phase of red fruits, with high contrasting red reflectance against a green foliage background, might be a form of early advertisement to birds. The fruit then turns pink and white, which have high green reflectance and is less contrasting, thereby reducing the conspicuity of the fruit. This allows the fruit to ripen with high fructose and glucose content, and turn purple and black, which are known visual cues for birds. This study provides indicative support for the dispersal syndrome hypothesis and highlights the potential effects of forest fragmentation on plant–frugivore interactions.

The pupose of this review was to explore the application of machine learning in the realm of flavor molecule research, particularly in the analysis of the flavor of Jasmine tea. The study of flavor molecules is fundamental to understand and optimize the taste and quality of food, especially tea. The introduction of machine learning technology has opened new horizons for the identification and analysis of flavor molecules. This paper firstly outlined the basic concepts and research methods of flavor molecules, and a detailed discussion on the application of machine learning in deciphering the relationships between molecular structures and flavor characteristics, as well as in the analysis, prediction and optimization of the flavor and intelligent processing of Jasmine tea and other applications, put forward the research prospect. Thereby, this review could enhance the quality of Jasmine tea and provide technical support for the further development of the tea industry.

Abstract Dimension accuracy, damage minimization, and defect detection are essential in manufacturing processes, especially additive manufacturing. These types of challenges may arise either during the manufacture of a product or its use. The repeatability of the process is vital in additive manufacturing systems. However, human users may lose concentration and, thus, would be a great alternative as an assistant. Depending on the nature of work, a robot’s fingers might vary, for example, mechanical, electrical, vacuum, two-fingers, and three-fingers. In addition, the end effector plays a vital role in picking up an object in the advanced manufacturing process. However, inbuilt robotic fingers may not be appropriate in different production environments. In this research presented here considering metal binder jet additive manufacturing, the two-finger end- effectors are proposed design, analysis, and experiment to pick up an object after completing the production process from a specific location. The final designs were further printed by using a 3D metal printer and installed in the existing robotic systems. These new designs are used successfully to hold the object from the specific location by reducing the contact force that was not possible with the previously installed end effector's finger. In addition, a numerical study was conducted in order to compare the flowability of the geometric shape of finger's free areas.

Artificial intelligence and cyber-physical systems (CPS) are two of the key technologies of the future that are enabling major global shifts. However, most of the current implementations of AI in CPS are not explainable, which creates serious problems in ethical, legal, regulatory, and other domains. Therefore, it is necessary for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to be integrated with cyber-physical systems to meet the vital needs for control, fairness, accountability, safety, cyber-resilience, and cybersecurity. The goal of this review is to demonstrate the need, benefits, challenges, and implementation of XAI for CPS. We review the existing literature about XAI and CPS, discuss the current state of the art, examine applications in different domains, and make recommendations for future research directions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first peer-reviewed academic article to provide a comprehensive review of general XAI for CPS. We also contribute new research ideas including development of multisensory explanations and outputs for these systems, application of XAI to CPS to decrease occupational burnout and increase employee engagement, and enumeration of the multidisciplinary goals and benefits of XAI as applied to cyber-physical systems.

The objective of a strawberry nursery is to produce numerous runners and improve the quality of the runner plants, ensuring their uniformity and health. About 80% of the strawberry nurseries in Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea, are cultivated by the growers themselves, which results in variations in the cultivation techniques. Different methods are employed to reduce the nitrogen levels to promote floral bud initiation in the later nursery stage, and these methods vary between farms. This study was conducted on the ‘Sulhyang’ cultivar (Fragaria × ananassa Dutch. cv. Sulhyang) to measure the nutrient content in runner plants obtained from eight growers using various cultivation methods, supply EC levels, nutrient solution termination times, etc., and to correlate the nutrient levels with floral bud initiation during the nursery period. Four investigations were conducted at 15-day intervals from Julian day 214 (2 August) to Julian day 259 (16 September) in 2022, focusing on nutrient management during the nursery period, runner plant growth, petiole nitrate nitrogen content (NO3-N), and soluble solid content (SSC). The NO3-N content decreased, and the SSC/NO3-N ratio increased near the transplanting period, as assessed using a rapid inorganic nutrient diagnostic device. The proportion of runner plants that had advanced to stage 3 or above in floral bud initiation was investigated using a stereomicroscope. As a result, differences in the percentage of floral bud initiation were confirmed based on the varying nutrient management among the farms. In this study, on Julian day 243 (31 August 2022), there was a strong negative correlation (r = −0.86, r2 = 0.73) between the NO3-N content in the runner plants and the percentage of floral bud initiation. These results emphasize the importance of nutrient management during the nursery period, especially for strawberry self-propagating growers, and demonstrate a strong correlation between nutrient content and floral bud initiation in strawberries.

Strawberry aroma, crucial for determining quality, involves complex volatile compounds which are challenging to identify. This study explores strawberry aroma analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System (AMDIS). Central to our research is the creation of a bespoke strawberry Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) user library using AMDIS, specifically for analyzing strawberry aromas. The library contains VOCs from 61 strawberry cultivars, integrating information on 104 VOCs, including mass spectra, retention index, chemical class, CAS number, formula, odor threshold, and odor description. This custom library significantly outperformed a commercial library by reducing potential false hits by 200, decreasing the size of report files by over 96%, and, most importantly, shortening AMDIS analysis processing time from 31 s to 9 s, representing an approximate 71% reduction. Further, the study demonstrates the library’s practical application by contrasting the aroma profiles of strawberries harvested in winter and spring. This comparison revealed significant VOC variations depending on seasonal temperature changes, offering insights into environmental influences on strawberry aroma. In conclusion, this research marks a significant advance in strawberry aroma quality analysis. The strawberry VOC library developed in this study is expected to greatly aid targeted metabolomics and flavor research in strawberry breeding.

IntroductionThe strawberry industry in South Korea has witnessed a significant 65% growth over the past decade, surpassing other fruits and vegetables in production value. While sweetness and acidity are well-recognized flavor determinants, the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in defining the desirable flavor profiles of strawberries is also crucial. However, existing research has predominantly concentrated on a limited range of commercial cultivars, neglecting the broader spectrum of strawberry varieties.MethodsThis study embarked on developing a comprehensive VOC database for a diverse array of strawberry cultivars sourced both domestically and internationally. A total of 61 different strawberry cultivars from Korea (45), the USA (7), Japan (8), and France (1) were analyzed for their VOC content using Tenax TA Thermo Desorption tubes and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition to VOC profiling, heritability was assessed using one-way ANOVA to compare means among multiple groups, providing insights into the genetic basis of flavor differences.Results and discussionThe analysis identified 122 compounds categorized into esters, alcohols, terpenes, and lactones, with esters constituting the majority (46.5%) of total VOCs in Korean cultivars. ‘Arihyang’, ‘Sunnyberry’, and ‘Kingsberry’ exhibited the highest diversity of VOCs detected (97 types), whereas ‘Seolhong’ showed the highest overall concentration (57.5mg·kg-1 FW). Compared to the USA cultivars, which were abundant in γ-decalactone (a peach-like fruity aroma), most domestic cultivars lacked this compound. Notably, ‘Misohyang’ displayed a high γ-decalactone content, highlighting its potential as breeding germplasm to improve flavor in Korean strawberries. The findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive VOC analysis across different strawberry cultivars to understand flavor composition. The significant variation in VOC content among the cultivars examined opens avenues for targeted breeding strategies. By leveraging the distinct VOC profiles, particularly the presence of γ-decalactone, breeders can develop new strawberry varieties with enhanced flavor profiles, catering to consumer preferences for both domestic and international markets.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the transcriptomes of poorly cohesive carcinoma (PCC; diffuse-type) and well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (WD; intestinal-type) using gastric cancer (GC) tissues and cell lines and to evaluate the prognostic role of HIV-1 Tat Interactive Protein 2 (HTATIP2). Materials and Methods: We performed next-generation sequencing with 8 GC surgical samples (5 WD and 3 PCC) and 3 GC cell lines (1 WD: MKN74, and 2 PCC: KATOIII and SNU601). Immunohistochemistry was used to validate HTATIP2 expression. We performed functional analysis by HTATIP2 overexpression (OE). Kaplan-Meier survival plots and the PrognoScan database were used for survival analysis. Results: The genes with significantly reduced expression in PCC versus WD (in both tissues and cell lines) were HTATIP2, ESRP1, GRHL2, ARHGEF16, CKAP2L, and ZNF724. According to immunohistochemical staining, the HTATIP2-OE group had significantly higher number of patients with early GC (EGC) (T1) ( P = .024), less lymph node (LN) metastasis ( P = .008), and low TNMA stage ( P = .017) than HTATIP2 underexpression (UE) group. Better survival rates were confirmed in the HTATIP2 OE group by Kaplan-Meir survival and PrognoScan analysis. In vitro, HTATIP2-OE in KATO III cells caused a significant decrease in cancer cell migration and invasion. Decreased Snail and Slug expression in HTATIP2 OE cells suggested that epithelial-mesenchymal transition is involved in this process. Conclusion: HTATIP2 might be a good prognostic marker and a candidate target for GC treatment.

The development of artificial intelligence technology has promoted economic development and improved people’s living standards, but it will also cause many risks and uncertainties. The purpose of this paper is to create a reciprocal fairness model for artificial intelligence collaboration and explore the causal relationship and liability allocation in artificial intelligence criminal infringement cases based on Rabin’s theory. Through the Hande formula, the criteria for determining fault in the case, as well as the marginal costs and benefits of the aggressor’s use of AI to commit crimes, are calculated. Finally, based on the theory of behavioral game evolution, this paper discusses the cooperation law of the three parties under the regulation of the Criminal Procedure Law, and discusses the illegal cost of the illegal implementation of artificial intelligence from the amount of compensation. The results show that in 68,535 cases of using AI to commit crimes in 2022, the average compensation is 74,556.87 yuan, indicating that the cost of crime is much lower than the proceeds of crime. The proposed legal regulations and the prevention and control of AI technology risks can be practiced through this study’s practical relevance.

Immune cells are indispensable defenders of the human body, clearing exogenous pathogens and toxicities or endogenous malignant and aging cells. Immune cell dysfunction can cause an inability to recognize, react, and remove these hazards, resulting in cancers, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infections. Immune cells regulation has shown great promise in treating disease, and immune agonists are usually used to treat cancers and infections caused by immune suppression. In contrast, immunosuppressants are used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the key to maintaining health is to restore balance to the immune system, as excessive activation or inhibition of immune cells is a common complication of immunotherapy. Nanoparticles are efficient drug delivery systems widely used to deliver small molecule inhibitors, nucleic acid, and proteins. Using nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of drugs to immune cells provides opportunities to regulate immune cell function. In this review, we summarize the current progress of nanoparticle-based strategies for regulating immune function and discuss the prospects of future nanoparticle design to improve immunotherapy.

In order to accurately measure the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration, and enhance the sensitivity and stability of sensor head, two fluorinated dry gel oxygen sensitive materials 3, 3, 3-Trifluoropropyltrimethoxy/Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TFP-TriMOS/TEOS) and 3, 3, 3-Trifluoropropyltrimethoxy/1, 2-Bis (triethoxysilyl) Ethane (TFP-TriMOS/BTESE) fluorinated hybrid dry gel dope with Ruthenium (Ru) complex were developed by improved sol-gel technology. Oxygen sensing head was made by dip coating plastic optical fiber into the above prepared sol-gel. Its oxygen sensing performance was studied under different precursor ratios. Experimental results show that all the fabricated DO sensing heads have good oxygen sensing performance, and the detection limits are 0.135 and 0.118 mg/L, respectively. Compared with the fiber optic oxygen sensing head coated with a single precursor (TEOS, BTESE and TFP-TriMOS), the fiber optic oxygen sensing head based on fluorinated dry gel shows higher linearity and lower detection lower limit. The stability of the fluorinated DO sensing head and the influence of pH the intensity of fluorescence signal was studied. The results show that the two kinds of fiber optic dissolved oxygen sensing head have good stability and anti-interference ability.

Micro-/nanocavities that combine high quality factor (Q) and small mode volume (V) have been used to enhance light–matter interactions for cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). Whispering gallery mode (WGM) geometries such as microdisks and microrings support high-Q and are design- and fabrication-friendly, but V is often limited to tens of cubic wavelengths to avoid WGM radiation. The stronger modal confinement provided by either one-dimensional or two-dimensional photonic crystal defect geometries can yield sub-cubic-wavelength V, yet the requirements on precise design and dimensional control are typically much more stringent to ensure high-Q. Given their complementary features, there has been sustained interest in geometries that combine the advantages of WGM and photonic crystal cavities. Recently, a “microgear” photonic crystal ring (MPhCR) has shown promise in enabling additional defect localization (>$ > $10× reduction of V) of a WGM, while maintaining high-Q (≈106)$(\approx 1{0}^{6})$ and other WGM characteristics in ease of coupling and design. However, the unit cell geometry used is unlike traditional PhC cavities, and etched surfaces may be too close to embedded quantum nodes (quantum dots, atomic defect spins, etc.) for cQED applications. Here, we report two novel PhCR designs with “rod” and “slit” unit cells, whose geometries are more traditional and suitable for solid-state cQED. Both rod and slit PhCRs have high-Q (>106)$( > 1{0}^{6})$ with WGM coupling properties preserved. A further ≈10× reduction of V by defect localization is observed in rod PhCRs. Moreover, both fundamental and 2nd-order PhC modes co-exist in slit PhCRs with high Qs and good coupling. Our work showcases that high-Q/V PhCRs are in general straightforward to design and fabricate and are a promising platform to explore for cQED.

C17H12INO3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.5319(5) Å, b = 7.9745(5) Å, c = 25.1313(17) Å, β = 98.459(7)°, V = 1493.04(17) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0272, wRref(F2) = 0.0595, T = 199.98(10) K.

Comprehensively promoting the construction of ideological and political courses is a strategic measure to implement the fundamental task of moral education. Colleges and universities should actively carry out the reform of ideological and political courses and integrate them into the whole process of classroom teaching construction. With the development of information technology and the popularization of the Internet, global data shows the characteristics of explosive growth and mass accumulation. With the development of data science and big data technology, China’s big data has made remarkable progress in technology, industry, application and other levels. In this paper, the author studies how to integrate moral education elements into the big data classroom, through in-depth excavation of the ideological and political education elements contained in the professional curriculum, to promote the organic combination of knowledge imparting, ability training, ideals and beliefs, values and beliefs, and moral education, and to integrate ideological and political education into all aspects of professional curriculum teaching, so as to achieve moral education and moisten things silently.

The access of ultra high voltage (UHV) gas-insulated transmission line (GIL) affects both the transient recovery voltage (TRV) amplitude and the rate of rise of TRV (RRRV) of circuit breakers,which may endanger the breaking capacity of circuit breakers. Based on the double-circuit UHV accurate current (AC) overhead line on the same tower and the double-circuit GIL hybrid transmission line,EMTP-ATP simulation is used to study the influence of GIL length,access position and GIL lead station measurement equipment on the TRV amplitude and RRRV of the circuit breaker when a three-phase short-circuit fault occurs at the end of the circuit breaker in the substation. The simulation results show that the access of the GIL has a greater impact on the TRV amplitude and RRRV of the circuit breaker. The increase in the length of the GIL has a greater impact on the TRV amplitude,but the impact on RRRV is small. In order to limit the RRRV,the GIL should be installed in the middle of the overhead line,and the metal oxide varistor (MOV) should be installed to limit the TRV amplitude. The measurement equipment of the GIL terminal station has little effect on the TRV amplitude and RRRV of the circuit breaker. The research results can provide a reference for the TRV calculation and parameter design of circuit breakers in UHV lines with GIL.

Workplaces use complex systems for sophisticated tasks in the industry. Measuring the trust level of workers is vital to predicting their decisions on complex systems. This research investigates human trust through a word elicitation study by identifying stimulated brain regions on the specific brainwaves using an electroencephalogram (EEG) with power spectrum and coherence analysis. Results confirm that the frontal lobes in the alpha and beta waves have active connectivity in the trust and that the temporal lobes in the gamma waves have active connectivity in the mistrust. The findings can contribute to designing complex systems using neurological technology in workplaces.

Energy storage is a new, flexibly adjusting resource with prospects for broad application in power systems with high proportions of renewable energy integration. However, energy storage systems have spare capacity under stable working conditions and may be idle for some periods. These actions are primarily selected for peak shaving and valley filling, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation as the only control target; thus, energy storage cannot be used effectively, which weakens the effect of energy storage on grid support. To improve the utilization rate and economic benefits of the energy storage system and enhance the support performance of energy storage for the safe operation of the power grid, this article proposes a switching control strategy for an energy storage system based on multi-layer logic judgment to maximize energy storage benefits and ensure safe and stable power grid operation. First, this study analyzed the potential multi-ancillary service operation requirements of the energy storage system, combined with the auxiliary compensation benefits of the energy storage power station. Using this information, the study proposed a comprehensive index that considers the economy of the energy storage system and the stable operation of the power grid to support the evaluation needs of energy storage control. Based on this, the study then pre-set multi-layer judgment logic for the operation control of the energy storage system. A multi-objective judgment and smooth switching strategy for the coordinated operation of the energy storage system was proposed based on the typical operating conditions of the energy storage system participating in the grid peak shaving and valley filling, frequency regulation, and voltage regulation. This switching control method effectively utilized the idle capacity of the energy storage system and improved the energy storage system’s support effect on the power grid. Through the improved energy storage control model based on MATLAB/Simulink, this study also verified the effectiveness of the proposed smooth switching strategy of the energy storage system.

BackgroundAs a common disease causing human health impairment and disability, deafness has a leading morbidity among all the disabling diseases. Many factors could lead to deafness, among which genetic factors account for about 60%. Gene screening and pedigree analysis can be used to determine whether one has hereditary deafness, so as to provide corresponding genetic counseling services for hereditary deafness patients to stop the transmission of deafness from one generation to the next.ObjectiveTo investigate the hearing loss status and prevalence of mutations in genes associated with deafness in deafness patients from Shandong, to identify pathogenic causes of hearing impairment.MethodsOur study included a total of 5 664 hearing-impaired patients with a hearing disability certificate or a diagnosis of hearing loss, who participated in the genetic testing program for hereditary hearing loss in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2020. Hearing loss was tested by pure-tone audiometry. Genetic testing was carried out with DNA microarray to detect mutations at 15 loci in four common hereditary deafness-related genes.ResultsAmong the 5 664 cases, 3 891 had grade 1 (mild) hearing disability, 1 463 had grade 2 (moderate) hearing disability, 188 had grade 3 (severe) hearing disability, 73 had grade 4 (profound) hearing disability, and the remaining 49 consisting of 38 cases of microtia and 11 cases of external auditory canal closure. In terms of deafness-related gene mutations, 2 503 cases were detected with mutations, 1 227 of them (21.66%) carrying GJB2 gene mutations, 975 (17.21%) carrying SLC26A4 gene mutations, 97 (1.71%) carrying mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene mutations, 158 (2.79%) carrying GJB3 gene mutations, and 46 (0.81%) carrying double heterozygous mutations. Both GJB2 and SLC26A4 gene mutations were hotspot mutations in patients with grades 1-4 hearing disability. The prevalence of mutations in GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes was higher in those with grade 1 hearing disability than in those with grade 2 hearing disability (P

C11H10O4, monoclinic, Pn (no. 7), a = 4.8622(5) Å, b = 6.7853(7) Å, c = 14.3349(17) Å, β = 96.556(3)°, V = 469.84(9) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0512, wRref(F2) = 0.1249, T = 273(2) K.

【Objective】 Nutrient uptake and its use efficiency by crops are modulated by many biotic and abiotic factors, and the objective of this paper is to investigate their change in response to planting density and irrigations amount in attempts to provide a guidance to help improve water use efficiency and reduce fertilizer usage without compromising crop yield. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a field in an arid warm valley in Yunnan province, with onion used as the model plant. We compared three irrigation amounts: 7 000 m3/hm2(I1), 4 550 m3/hm2 (I2) and 3 300 m3/hm2 (I3), and two planting densities: 21 200 plants/hm2 (D1) and 118 800 plants/hm2(D2). In each treatment, we measured the biomass and bolting percentage of the onion, its nutrient absorption and utilization, harvest traits, as well as water use efficiency (WUE). 【Result】 Irrigation amount had a significant effect on WUE, nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Compared with other irrigation treatments, I1 increased the uptake of P, K and Mg by the crop, but the use efficiencies of these minerals in I3 were the highest. Planting density also significantly affected biomass, bolting percentage, nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of the crop. Compared with D2, D1 increased the uptake efficiency of N, P and Mg by the crop, whilst their utilization efficiency was higher in the D2. It was found D2 significantly increased the biomass but reduced the bolting percentage of the crop. We found irrigation amount and planting density interactively affected biomass, bolting percentage, WUE, nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, harvest traits, absorption efficiency of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, with most of these entities peaking in I1+D1. The principal component analysis gave the highest score to I3+D2 followed by I1+D1. 【Conclusion】 Comparison of various combinations of irrigation amounts and planting densities revealed that I3+D2 was optimal for growing onion in the arid warming valley studied in this work.

Objective To observe the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)nursing intervention on vertigo in patients with acute stroke Methods Totally 80 acute stroke patients with vertigo were randomly divided into the observation group and control group, with 40 cases in each group. All patients received routine medication treatment and rehabilitation care. The routine TCM nursing interventions such as acupoint application and auricular point pressing therapy were conducted to relieve the symptom of vertigo among patients in both two groups, and an additional TCM intervention of massage therapy was carried out in the observation group. The intervention effect was evaluated at two weeks after intervention, and patient’s treatment compliance and satisfaction with TCM interventions were investigated. Results The overall effective rate of intervention in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P

Abstract Dispersive-micro solid phase extraction (d-µSPE) has gained increasing attention due to its convenience, effectiveness, and flexibility for sorbent selection. Among a various selection of materials, magnetic carbon nanotubes (Mag-CNTs) is a promising d-µSPE sorbent with excellent separation efficiency in addition to its high surface area and adsorption capability. In this work, two different surface-modified Mag-CNTs, Mag-CNTs-COOH and Mag-CNTs-SO3H, were developed to facilitate d-µSPE (Mag-CNTs/d-µSPE). The cyanide metabolite, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA), was selected to evaluate their extraction performance using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The Mag-CNTs-COOH enabled a one-step derivatization/desorption approach in the workflow; therefore, a better overall performance was achieved. Compared to the Mag-CNTs-SO3H/d-µSPE and SPE workflow, the one-step desorption/derivatization approach improved the overall extraction efficiency and reduced solvent consumption and waste production. Both Mag-CNTs/d-µSPE workflows were validated according to ANSI/ASB 036 guidelines and showed excellent analytical performances. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of ATCA in synthetic urine were 5 and 10 ng/mL, respectively, and that in bovine blood were achieved at 10 and 60 ng/mL. The SPE method’s LOD and LOQ were also determined at 1 and 25 ng/mL in bovine blood samples. The Mag-CNTs/d-µSPE methods demonstrated great potential to extract polar and ionic metabolites from biological matrices. The extraction processes of ATCA described in this work can provide an easier-to-adopt procedure for potential routine forensic testing of the stable biomarker in cyanide poisoning cases, particularly for those cases where the cyanide detection window has passed.

Under the innovation-driven development strategy, the improvement of the core competitiveness of enterprises demonstrates increasing dependence on the ability of technological innovation. In this article, data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2008 to 2018 were selected as research samples for the analysis of the influencing factors and mechanism of enterprise technological innovation from the dual perspectives of the external economic environment and internal management system based on the use of the fixed-effect model. The results show that government intervention significantly hinders enterprises' investment in resources for technological innovation, and less government intervention can improve the innovation investment of enterprises. The intervention of internal control fails to bring institutional advantages; rather, it aggravates the negative effect of government intervention on enterprise technological innovation. The research enriches the existing academic research results on government intervention, internal control quality, and enterprise technological innovation. The findings provide experience for accelerating the marketization process in China, enterprise governance, and improving the level of enterprise technological innovation.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonotic disease caused by hantavirus infection. Patients with severe HFRS may develop multiple organ failure or even death, which makes HFRS a serious public health problem.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to perform a clinicopathologic analysis of PHLPP1 expression in gastric cancer patients and analyze AKT activity with chemotherapy drug treatment in cancer subtypes. Materials and Methods: Surgically resected gastric cancer tissue specimens were obtained from 309 patients who underwent gastrectomy, and PHLPP1 expression was validated by tissue microarray analysis with immunohistochemistry. We assessed whether PHLPP1 selectively dephosphorylates Ser473 of AKT in an in-vitro study. Results: We found that the PHLPP1 overexpression (OE) group showed significantly greater proportions of differentiated subtype samples and early T stage samples, lower lymph node metastasis, and lower TNM stage than the PHLPP1 underexpression (UE) group. The overall survival of the PHLPP1-OE group was significantly higher (53.39 ± 0.96 months) than that of the PHLPP1-UE group (47.82 ± 2.57 months) ( P = .01). In vitro analysis, we found that the PHLPP1-OE group showed a significant decrease in relative AKT S-473 levels in both cell lines (MKN-74 and KATO-III). We found that treatment with chemotherapy drugs decreased the activity of Ser473 in the MKN-74 cell line with PHLPP1 OE, but it did not affect the activity of Ser473 in KATO-III cells. Conclusion: We found that patients who overexpressed PHLPP1 showed low recurrence and good prognosis. PHLPP1 was found to work by lowering the activity of AKT Ser473 in gastric cancer. Additionally, we found a clue regarding the mechanism of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in a cell line of signet ring cell origin and will uncover this mechanism in the future.

Although hydroponic techniques enable intensive and effective crop management, controlling the watering for each crop type and growth stage is challenging using the commonly used timed watering system. Therefore, excessive and insufficient watering occurs frequently. Hydroponic technology that considers the drainage rate can minimize the amount of drainage, thereby reducing environmental pollution and fertilizer consumption. This study compared the drainage rate and the timed watering methods in a strawberry hydroponic system and determined the optimal drainage rate. As the drainage rate increased, the amount of water supplied increased. A significantly negative correlation was found between the amount of water supplied and the total nitrogen content. Drainage electrical conductivity (EC) level was the highest in the 10% drainage rate group. In the 20% drainage rate treatment, leaf length and width increased compared to the four applications timer-supplying method. The yield of fruits weighing more than 27 g was the highest in the 20% drainage rate treatment. Therefore, the 20% drainage rate treatment was the most appropriate. We propose that it is possible to reduce unnecessary fertilizer consumption and increase productivity by controlling the water supply using the drainage rate for precise water supply management of strawberries.

Strawberry is an allo-octoploid crop with high genome heterozygosity and complexity, which hinders the sequencing and the assembly of the genome. However, in the present study, we have generated a chromosome level assembly of octoploid strawberry sourced from a highly homozygous inbred line ‘Wongyo 3115’, using long- and short-read sequencing technologies. The assembly of ‘Wongyo 3115’ produced 805.6 Mb of the genome with 323 contigs scaffolded into 208 scaffolds with an N50 of 27.3 Mb after further gap filling. The whole genome annotation resulted in 151,892 genes with a gene density of 188.52 (genes/Mb) and validation of a genome, using BUSCO analysis resulted in 94.10% complete BUSCOs. Firmness is one of the vital traits in strawberry, which facilitate the postharvest shelf-life qualities. The molecular and genetic mechanisms that contribute the firmness in strawberry remain unclear. We have constructed a high-density genetic map based on the ‘Wongyo 3115’ reference genome to identify loci associated with firmness in the present study. For the quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification, the ‘BS F2’ populations developed from two inbred lines were genotyped, using an Axiom 35K strawberry chip, and marker positions were analyzed based on the ‘Wongyo 3115’ genome. Genetic maps were constructed with 1,049 bin markers, spanning the 3,861 cM. Using firmness data of ‘BS F2’ obtained from 2 consecutive years, five QTLs were identified on chromosomes 3-3, 5-1, 6-1, and 6-4. Furthermore, we predicted the candidate genes associated with firmness in strawberries by utilizing transcriptome data and QTL information. Overall, we present the chromosome-level assembly and annotation of a homozygous octoploid strawberry inbred line and a linkage map constructed to identify QTLs associated with fruit firmness.

Hyperglycemia-induced toxicity of neurons contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic neuropathy (DNP). High concentration glucose triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and induced cell apoptosis of neurons from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in vitro. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic method to retard this devastating complication or neurotoxicity induced by high glucose. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has multi-neurotrophic actions which need to be explored regarding its actions and mechanisms on relieving high glucose induced neurotoxicity. Herein, high concentration glucose was exposed to the DRG neurons in vitro. The effects of IGF-1 on relieving high glucose-induced neurotoxicity were evaluated. We illustrated that IGF-1 enhanced regeneration of neurites sent from DRG neuronal cell bodies and increased neuronal viability which inhibited by high glucose challenge. IGF-1 alleviated neuronal apoptosis caused by high glucose exposure. IGF-1 also suppressed the intracellular ROS overproduction and ATF3 expression upregulation which was induced by high glucose insult. The anti-neurotoxic effects of IGF-1 might be through restoration of prosurvival PI3K/Akt/S6K signaling. These data shed some light on the treatment of intractable DNP and suggested that IGF-1 might be a potential effective agent on relieving high glucose induced neurotoxicity.

Abstract Background There are various surgical approaches of hysterectomy for benign indications. This study aimed to compare vaginal hysterectomy (VH) and laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) with respect to their complications and operative outcomes. Methods We selected randomised controlled trials that compared VH with LH for benign gynaecological indications. We included studies published after January 2000 in the following databases: Medline, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library). The primary outcome was comparison of the complication rate. The secondary outcomes were comparisons of operating time, blood loss, intraoperative conversion, postoperative pain, length of hospital stay and duration of recuperation. We used Review Manager 5.3 software to perform the meta-analysis. Results Eighteen studies of 1618 patients met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed no differences in overall complications, intraoperative conversion, postoperative pain on the day of surgery and at 48 h, length of hospital stay and recuperation time between VH and LH. VH was associated with a shorter operating time and lower postoperative pain at 24 h than LH. Conclusions When both surgical approaches are feasible, VH should remain the surgery of choice for benign hysterectomy.

A comprehensive multi-domain simulation tool that could predict the lubricating flow between piston and bushing in the cylinder is presented in this paper. The first module simulates the main flow through the piston pump according to a lumped parameter model. The estimation of instantaneous pressure in each displacement chamber is utilized in another module dedicated to the prediction of the lubricating gap flow between piston and bushing. This lubricating gap flow module is a numerical model based on the fluid-structure interaction algorithm in which the fluid film pressure is calculated by the Reynolds equation. The oil film height is determined by the micromotions of the piston and the deformation of both the piston and bushing interface. The micromotions of the piston are obtained from the dynamic force balance of external force and fluid force. Influence method is applied to calculate the deformations of piston and bushing, which is an efficient offline method. With different thicknesses of the bushing, the power loss and the leakage of the piston/cylinder interface are compared. The test rig is built to measure the friction power loss of piston. The results highlight the impact of the bushing on the piston/cylinder lubricating interface. The mathematical model proposed in this paper has the potential to be a theoretical guide for the optimal design of an axial piston pump.