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Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are chronic developmental brain disorders that can affect cognition, motor, social adaptation, behavior and so on due to multiple genetic or acquired causes. Natural polysaccharides are synthesized by living organisms, located in the cell wall, inside and between cells, and outside the cells, and are essential components of life activities. Previous studies have found that natural polysaccharides play an important role in neurological diseases, which mainly ameliorate the behavioral abnormalities and clinical symptoms caused by anti-oxidative stress, anti-neuronal apoptosis, anti-neuroinflammation, anti-excitatory amino acid toxicity, and regulation of the brain-gut axis. This review summarizes the intervention role of 17 bioactive polysaccharides from plants and fungi in neurological diseases, aiming to provide new ideas for the research and treatment of NDDs.

Hydrogels prepared by hydroxypropyl starch have better tensile properties than ordinary starch, but their mechanical properties are relatively poor. In this paper, effect of the heat-moisture treatment on the physical, chemical and the gel properties of hydroxypropyl starch was studied. Compared with the control group, the thermal stability of starch has been improved and the maintenance value decreased from 12.55 J/g to 6.58 J/g. The XRD analysis showed that the crystallicity of the strength from 30.4% to 19.6%. The double helix in strength was first destroyed by heat-moisture treatment. The peak viscosity of hydroxypropyl starch first rose to about 5 000 cp and then dropped to about 3 000 cp. The TPA and the rheological analysis showed that the hardness of the starch increased after the heat treatment of 223.51 g to 463.50 g and the storage elastic module increased, indicating that wet heat treatment improved the mechanical properties of the starch.

From 2 August to 4 August in 2023, a prolonged and extensive extreme heavy rainfall event occurrs in the southeast of Heilongjiang Province. Utilizing multiple observations and ERA5 reanalysis data, characteristics of the precipitation process are analyzed focusing on large-scale circulation background, mesoscale circulation system evolution, environmental conditions from perspectives of climate statistics, weather analysis, and physical quantity diagnosis. Factors contributing to the prolonged extreme heavy rainfall event are explored. Main causes for the long duration of this heavy precipitation event are the stable maintenance of favorable large-scale conditions, such as the persistent divergence of the upper troposphere, the stable location of the west Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and Northeast China cold vortex (NCCV), and continuous water vapor transport by the southwest jet. Due to the strong southwest jet, there is abundant moisture transfer, primarily through the advection of water vapor, which is the primary source for heavy rainfall. The process can be divided into two stages due to significant differences of rainfall, atmospheric stratification, and local circulation characteristics. In the first stage, the meridional water vapor inflow layer and the saturated layer are thick, resulting in high tropospheric humidity. The atmospheric condition is characterized by weak convective instability. Under the control of the northwest airflow at 500 hPa, the development of southwest jet, along with the influence of a weak eastward-moving vortex system at 850 hPa, results in horizontal wind speed convergence and systematic upward motion, leading to widespread and prolonged precipitation. The heavy rainfall area is mainly composed of cumulus embedded stratus, with a large coverage area of the cloud system, low echo centroid height, and high precipitation efficiency. With weak convective instability that promotes the development of convection and train effect in some periods, extreme hourly precipitation and large cumulative precipitation occur. In the second stage, the meridional water vapor inflow is concentrated in the lower troposphere with high intensity. The lower troposphere is close to saturation, with high humidity and temperature, while the middle and upper troposphere is dry and cold, and the atmospheric condition is more unstable than that in the first stage. Convection is developed and strengthened by the combined action of systematic uplift by a trough at 500 hPa, warm shear at 850 hPa, topographic convergence, and uplift. The cloud system is dominated by local strong cumulus clouds, and the distribution of precipitation intensity is uneven. At the beginning of this stage, convective cells continue to form at the trumpet-shaped terrain and move towards the eastern mountainous areas, organizing into linear convection. This is accompanied by the development and southward movement of surface convergence lines, leading to the generation of new convection and continuously causing localized intense short-duration rainfall.

Background Chemotherapy is a crucial treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with bone marrow suppression as the most common toxic side effect. The development, proliferation, and differentiation of various types of blood cells are regulated by a variety of hematopoietic factors. However, it is not clear whether there is a difference in the expression level of hematopoietic factors after chemotherapy in patients with AML at different altitudes and the change pattern has not been clarified. Objective To investigate whether there are differences in the expression levels of hematopoietic factors in bone marrow and serum before and after chemotherapy and their changes in patients with AML at varying altitudes. Methods A total of 28 AML patients (non-M3 type) treated for the first time in the Department of Hematology at Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital (1 501 to 2 500 m in the middle altitude area) and the Department of Hematology of Xi-Jing Hospital, Air Force Medical University of PLA (500 to 1 500 m in low altitude area) from 2021 to 2022 were selected as the research subjects, and according to the altitude of the hospitals they visited, the AML patients were divided into the middle altitude group (13 cases) and the low altitude group (15 cases). The WHO grading criteria for acute and subacute toxicity of anticancer drugs was used to evaluate the myelosuppressive scores of the patients on days 8, 14, and 28 of chemotherapy. The expression levels of erythropoietin (EPO), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3-L), thrombopoietin (TPO), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in serum and bone marrow before chemotherapy and on day 8, day 28 of chemotherapy were detected and compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results On days 14 and 28 of chemotherapy, the myelosuppressive scores of patients in the low-altitude group were higher than those in the middle-altitude group (Z=-1.975, P=0.048; Z=-2.049, P=0.040). On day 28 of chemotherapy, the serum and bone marrow EPO expression levels in the low-altitude group were higher than those in the middle-altitude group (P0.05) . Conclusion The expression levels of haemopoietic factors including EPO, Flt3-L, and TPO were higher during the recovery of myelosuppression after chemotherapy in AML patients at low altitude, compared to those at middle altitude. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the hematopoietic inhibitory factor IFN-γ. Myelosuppression grades and degree after chemotherapy are more severe in AML patients at middle altitude than at low altitude.

Resonance of multi-degree-of-freedom system or structure is a basic and important concept in structural vibration theory, but it lacks a complete and rigorous definition. In order to establish an accurate concept of structural resonance, based on the concept of single-degree-of-freedom system resonance and modal orthogonality, this paper discusses the necessary conditions of system resonance by analyzing the displacement response of multi-degree-of-freedom vibration system, that is, while ensuring that the vibration frequency of the system (a certain natural frequency) is equal to the excitation frequency, its displacement response should also present the corresponding modal shape. An example of simply supported beam is used to illustrate its rationality. At the same time, the theoretical method of pure modal resonance of multi-degree-of-freedom system is given by rational allocation of excitation force. The pure modal resonance of multi-degree-of-freedom system or structure can be realized, which can be used to accurately identify the modal parameters of the structure. It is of great theoretical significance and engineering application value to discriminate the concept of multi-degree-of-freedom system or structure resonance.

During the construction stage of the repository, excavation redistributes the stress in the surrounding rock, causes disturbance in the surrounding rock, expands and connects the primary cracks in the rock mass, generates new micro-cracks, increases the permeability coefficient of the rock mass, and causes changes in the composition of groundwater flowing through the deep cracks in the surrounding rock mass, thus affecting the release and migration parameters of nuclides in the glass solidified body. Studies on the effects of multiple barrier media on the release of nuclides were carried out both at home and abroad, and valuable original data were obtained, but there is a lack of studies on the effects of rock fissure fillings on the release of nuclides. In order to obtain the change rule of nuclide release and migration parameters in high-level glass solidified body caused by groundwater intrusion into deep surrounding rock cracks, the migration behavior of nuclide in high-level glass solidified body in saturated water of quartz rock was taken as the research object, the dynamic leaching test was carried out, and the concentration changes of elements B, Re and Si in the leaching solution and the corrosion of high-level glass solidified body were focused. The results show that after 150 days of dynamic leaching test, the ion concentration increases with the increase of reaction time, and the element dissolution in high-level glass solidified body shows identity. Through the formula calculation it can be obtained that the order of the normalized leaching rate is NR(B)>NR(Si)>NR(Re), and the order of the normalized weight loss rate is NL(B)>NL(Si)>NL(Re). When the reaction temperature is 90 ℃, the corrosion rate of the high-level glass solidified body in the geological repository is 540 nm/a with the flow rate of 40 L/(m2·a). After 3 000 years, the corrosion depth of the high-level glass solidified body with a length of 1 350 mm, a diameter of 440 mm, a mass of 400 kg and a surface area of 17 m2 is 1.62 mm. B, Re and Si release 12.24%, 10.41% and 0.18% of total element content, respectively.

Abstract Background Anticoagulation is recommended as a standardized therapy for COVID-19 patients according to the WHO guidelines. However, bleeding events have also been reported. Hemorrhage or hematoma was observed in sites including the retroperitoneum, brain, alimentary tract, muscles, and soft tissues. Reduction or suspension of anticoagulants is a common intervention. Transfusion, endoscopic hemostasis, and vascular interventional therapy have been used to improve the condition. Case presentation In this article, we present two cases of concurrent multisite hematomas and bleeding at other sites in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both patients were treated with heparins and experienced bleeding after the anticoagulation therapy. Both patients were older with more than two comorbidities, and critical COVID-19. Laboratory tests revealed a considerable decrease in hemoglobin levels and alterations in the coagulation system. In the first patient, the main intervention was embolization using angiography. However, we only adjusted the anticoagulation strategy in the second case. The first patient recovered and was discharged; however, the second died of other causes. This study provides a retrospective review of typical hemorrhagic cases during anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients over the course of four years. A relatively comprehensive search was performed in Pubmed by constructing MeSH subject terms on limiting the search period and specific contents. It summarizes and synthesizes the research related to heparins and other novel anticoagulants in the context of COVID-19 from the onset of the pandemic to the present disseminated phase. This study aimed to offer valuable insights and reference points for developing anticoagulation treatment strategies for patients with COVID-19. Conclusions Anticoagulation is a crucial treatment option for patients with COVID-19. The difference in anticoagulant effects is related to the severity of COVID-19. Nafamostat can reduce thrombosis in the extracorporeal circuits in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The efficacy and safety of novel anticoagulants require further clinical data. Routine bedside assessments and real-time laboratory monitoring are essential for early identification of bleeding events during anticoagulant therapy and administering intervention.

Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT) is a binary targeted radiation therapy in which neutron does not directly provide tumor dose. The dose produced by the 10B(n, α)7Li capture reaction will be deposited in tumor cells by using targeted 10B agents. Therefore, understanding the biological distribution of 10B agents in the blood, tumor and normal tissue is essential for BNCT. 4-borono-L-phenylalanine(BPA) is the mainly used 10B agent in BNCT clinical trials worldwide. In order to support and facilitate the preparation of BPA-based BNCT clinical trials, information on the structure, physicochemical properties, cellular uptake mechanisms and human biological distribution of BPA are summarized in this paper.

Aerosols in advanced reactors are considered the primary carriers of radioactive nuclides, and the motion behavior of aerosol particles in the near-wall region of reactors is of significant importance for reactor safety analysis. For example, for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), the graphite dust generated due to the operation of spherical fuel elements may move in the primary circuit under the drag action of the coolant, which will result in deposition, resuspension and then affects the reactor performance. The aerodynamic drag produced by the interaction between fluid and particles during the near-wall motion of aerosols was studied, and the computational fluid dynamics method for near-wall drag numerical calculation was employed in this paper. In order to construct the model for non-spherical particles, several spherical particles (3-5) were combined into non-spherical particles according to the rod-shaped dust particle samples obtained from samples in high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. Based on the geometric model of the particle, the Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to simulate the Reynolds stress of the mainstream fluid, and the enhanced wall treatment model was used to calculate the turbulent viscosity in the near-wall and around particle region. The three-dimensional incompressible steady SIMPLE algorithm was employed for the computations. The results show that the drag force exerted by the airflow on the particles can be divided into two components, namely, the pressure difference drag force and the shear drag force. Compared to the drag force on the particle under uniform inflow in an infinite space, the near-wall particles withstand a greater aerodynamic drag (enhancement factor) due to non-uniform velocity distribution, offset pressure distribution, and asymmetrical flow vortices. As particles get closer to the wall, the effect of aerodynamic drag enhancement becomes more pronounced. Moreover, the enhancement effect of aerodynamic drag on the near-wall particles becomes more evident as the non-spherical particles elongate and the flow-facing area (angle of attack) increases. Finally, considering the shape of non-spherical rod-shaped particles and the drag enhancement due to near-wall shear flows, the least squares method was applied to fit the expression using an exponential format for the enhancement factor of near-wall aerodynamic drag for different particles. It shows that the difference of drag enhancement factors at the same δ (dimensionless particle-wall distance) among different particles in the near-wall region usually does not exceed 10%. Thus, in most cases, the enhancement factor of spherical particles can be used to estimate non-spherical particles, roughly. This study provides a basis for investigating particle motion characteristics in the near-wall region of advanced reactors.

Objective To explore the efficacy with prognostic value of postoperative prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for locally advanced gastric cancer with clinical stage cT3-4NxM0. Methods A retrospective collection and analysis of clinical data was conducted from 60 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (cT3-4NxM0) who underwent D2 radical surgery between January 2016 and December 2021 at our department. Patients who underwent prophylactic HIPEC were classified into the HIPEC group (n=30), while patients who did not undergo prophylactic HIPEC were clssified into the control group (n=30). Both groups of patients routinely were treated with postoperative adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. The median survival time, and overall survival rate of the two groups were compared through follow-up, and the risk factors affecting the overall survival rate were analyzed. Results The median survival time of the HIPEC group was 51.0 months (95% CI: 40.7-61.3), which was higher than that of the control group with 30.0 months (95% CI: 16.3-43.7). The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates of the HIPEC group (66.7%, 53.3%)were higher than those of the control group（56.7%, 43.3%） (P=0.019). Prophylactic HIPEC was the protective factor affecting the overall survival rate of postoperative patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (P=0.021). Conclusions For patients with locally advanced cT3-4NxM0 gastric cancer, prophylactic HIPEC plays an important role in prolonging the median survival time, hence impro-ving the overall survival rate of patients.

The uniformity, coating thickness and adhesion of uranium(235U) plating on fission ionization chamber electrode are the key factors affecting the sensitivity of neutron detector. In this paper, ethanol is used as electroplating solution and platinum wire as anode. By investigating the effects of cathode plating process(aluminum tube), pH value, current density, initial U（Ⅵ） concentration in plating solution and electroplating time on electroplating efficiency and coating, the optimum process parameters of uranium electroplating were determined. The results show that when the current density is 6.50 mA/cm2, the electroplating time is 30 min, pH=2.6, the electrode spacing is 12 mm and the initial U（Ⅵ） mass concentration in the plating solution is 196 mg/mL, the electroplating efficiency can reach about 92.4% and the coating thickness can reach 2.26 mg/cm2. The coating was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM-EDS). XPS shows that U exists in the form of hexavalent U polymer and tetravalent uranium dioxide(UO2) with high purity. SEM shows that the surface of the coating is flat, dense and firmly bonded with the substrate. The scratch test results show that the adhesion of the U coating is weak.

ObjectiveTo establish a system for simultaneous detection of miR-888 and miR-891a by droplet digital PCR （ddPCR）, and to evaluate its application value in semen identification.MethodsThe hydrolysis probes with different fluorescence modified reporter groups were designed to realize the detection of miR-888 and miR-891a by duplex ddPCR. A total of 75 samples of 5 body fluids （including peripheral blood, menstrual blood, semen, saliva and vaginal secretion） were detected. The difference analysis was conducted by Mann-Whitney U test. The semen differentiation ability of miR-888 and miR-891a was evaluated by ROC curve analysis and the optimal cut-off value was obtained.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the dual-plex assay and the single assay in this system. The detection sensitivity was up to 0.1 ng total RNA, and the intra- and inter-batch coefficients of variation were less than 15%. The expression levels of miR-888 and miR-891a detected by duplex ddPCR in semen were both higher than those in other body fluids. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of miR-888 was 0.976, the optimal cut-off value was 2.250 copies/μL, and the discrimination accuracy was 97.33%; the AUC of miR-891a was 1.000, the optimal cut-off value was 1.100 copies/μL, and the discrimination accuracy was 100%.ConclusionIn this study, a method for detection of miR-888 and miR-891a by duplex ddPCR was successfully established. The system has good stability and repeatability and can be used for semen identification. Both miR-888 and miR-891a have high ability to identify semen, and the discrimination accuracy of miR-891a is higher.

Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system attracts increasing attention of researchers due to environmentally friendly and saving land resource. Combining storage battery with BIPV can improve the flexibility of the entire system, which is promising for distributed renewable energy application. However, how to optimally dispatch the hourly energy flow of PV panel, storage battery and power grid based on a building load is crucial and less investigated. In the paper, a multi-restricted condition nonlinear optimization model is established for a BIPV-battery storage hybrid system under different building loads at a clear day. The optimization model was solved by fmincon function through MATLAB code. In the optimization, overall minimum daily cost including facility cost of the hybrid system, electric price and carbon price were considered as objective function to obtain optimal operation strategy of hourly power distributions of PV, battery and grid for daily building consumption. The key finding indicates that the system has high dependence on power gird when the office building load is heavy, while reduces the depending of power grid as the electrical demand is decreased. Under full-load resident building scenario, when the system with battery cost of 800 Yuan/kW·h or higher, the redundant green power generated by photovoltaic (PV) is sold to power grid in real time to earn extra profit, while the green power is accumulated in the storage batteries as storage battery cost is declined. Moreover, the resident building with BIPV-battery storage hybrid system has less dependence on power gird during day time, realizing self-sufficiency. Under all the scenarios, high storage battery cost limits the capacity of storage battery. And the CO2 emission is reduced as the BIPV-battery storage hybrid system is adopted.

Rare earths are a kind of mineral resource with important strategic value, playing an irreplaceable key role in modern high-tech development and other fields. However, how to realize the efficient and green mining of rare earth resources has been a key issue that the rare earth industry has been trying to break through, because the rare earth mining process is prone to pollute ecological environments such as soil and water. Ion adsorption rare earth ore, mainly distributed in the south of China, is one of the rare earths, for which rare earth researchers have developed a new process leaching system with magnesium salt. In this study, the soil environmental problems as well as the microbial community structure underneath this new process heap-leaching demonstration site are evaluated. The results of the study showed that under the new process, there was a significant accumulation of sulfate content in the soil of the heap-leaching site and an imbalance in the soil calcium-magnesium ratio, which may disrupt the soil structure and reduce soil fertility. Meanwhile, the microbial community structure before and after the leaching site showed large differences at different points and depths, but didn't cause ecological risks. This study helps us to understand the environmental problems and impacts that may be caused by the new process of magnesium salt, and also helps to promote the application of the new process of magnesium salt leaching of ion adsorption rare earth ore, which lays the foundation for the exploitation of rare earth resources.

As the uncertainty of abnormal events,the method of future frame prediction is chosen to detect abnormal events in video.The prediction model is trained with normal samples,so that the model can accurately predict the future frames without abnormal events.However,it cannot predict video frames with unknown events.Combining with apparent constraints and motion constraints,generative adversarial network is used to train the generator model for prediction.In order to reduce the loss of relative target features,a nonlocal attention Unet generator (NA-UnetG) model is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of generator and the accuracy of abnormal video event detection.Experiments on datasets CUHK Avenue and UCSD Ped2 validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The results show that the AUC of the proposed method is better than that of other methods,reaches 83.4% and 96.3%,respectively.

Using qualitative research methods and taking Wulin in Jinjiang, Quanzhou City as an example, this study investigated the construction characteristics of Qiaoxiang's place meaning superposition from three aspects: entity dimension, social relations and local values, and revealed the superposition process of the place meaning of Qiaoxiang under the background of tourism development and the resulting place identity problems of different subjects including overseas Chinese. The study found that: (1) The superposition of place meaning under the dislocation of man and land is mainly completed through transmission mechanisms such as imagination and tourism system, which makes the overseas Chinese "absent in form" but "present everywhere in content" in Qiaoxiang, and promotes the transformation of Wulin into a place pattern mixed with tradition and modernity. (2) The superposition of place meaning has the attribute of relationship, and multivariate interactions are the remarkable features during its formation. The place meaning is essentially a manifestation of the man-land relationship. When the man-land relationship is no longer determined by the traditional geographic relationship or kinship, the weak bond relationship between man and land cannot be consolidated by the place meaning, which is manifested as the alienation of the relationship of "overseas Chinese-family members-hometown". (3) In terms of local values, the place meaning of Qiaoxiang has experienced a meaning superposition from the home scale to the national and ethnic scales, highlighting the selective representation of power on the place meaning in the context of tourism, and dynamically displaying the controversy on the orientation of spatial values of different subjects and the guidance of the national mainstream cultural values to the local. (4) In the context of tourism development, the superposition of the place meaning of Qiaoxiang has triggered the instrumental and selective "shopping cart" identity of overseas Chinese and the differentiated identity of local residents, and the identity structure of different subjects is full of tension, differentiation and even conflict.

A high-speed hydraulic servo testing machine was used to carry out intermediate strain rate compression test of polycarbonate, and comparative experiments of low and high strain rate compression were carried out to verify the validity of the intermediate strain rate compression test. Based on the true stress-strain curves at various strain rates and temperatures, the mechanical properties of polycarbonate under compression at intermediate strain rates were obtained. The results show that polycarbonate undergoes four stages of elastic deformation, yielding, strain softening and strain hardening in intermediate strain rate. The strain rate and temperature dependence of material manifest as: yield strength and yield strain are increased with the enhancement of strain rate or reduction of temperature. On the contrary, when increasing temperature or reducing strain rate, the strain softening of the material are more apparent. Based on the experiments, a ZWT nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model which can describe the compression process of polycarbonate in intermediate strain rates was constructed. This model can provide strong support for the structure design of transparent parts and the simulation of bird strike.

In order to explore the effect of accelerated UV aging on the mechanical and optical properties of polycarbonate, the changes of polycarbonate's transmittance, yellow index, tensile properties and flexural properties with aging time and radiation intensity were studied by using the method of exposure to laboratory fluorescent ultraviolet lamps source. The results show that the light transmittance of polycarbonate is decreased with the increase of UV aging time and radiation intensity. According to FT-IR, several colored groups are created in polycarbonate because of prolonging the aging time and increasing the radiation intensity, which affects the optical property of polycarbonate. The tensile strength and elongation at break of polycarbonate are decreasd with the increase of UV aging time and irradiation intensity. The microcracks and holes on surface of polycarbonate are produced by longer aging time and higher radiation energy, which expand under tensile load and cause fracture. The flexural strength of polycarbonate is increased with the increase of UV aging time and irradiation intensity if the testing surface is irradiated. The degradation layer formed on the surface of the material increases the stiffness of polycarbonate, which leads to the increase of strength. The tensile modulus and bending modulus of polycarbonate are less affected by aging time and irradiation strength because UV accelerated aging has little effect on molecular weight.

In this study, 6802-T6 alloy plates were welded using tools with different pin lengths. Different depths of incomplete penetration defects, including kissing bond (K) defect and remain joint surface (R) defect, were obtained. Mechanical fracture and kernel average misorientation (KAM) maps indicated that joint root tearing caused K defect during the friction stir welding (FSW) process. The critical value for incomplete penetration geometry appeared to be a depth of 0.4 mm. Within this interval, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint (thickness of 3 mm) was more than 224 MPa, and the fatigue strength exceeded 70 MPa at 107 cycles.

DFT (Density Functional Theory) was applied to calculate the free energy of molecules in order to demonstrate intermolecular dehydration reactions were easier to proceed. Subsequently, the gas phase dehydration of ethylene glycol by the addition of silver (Ag) to the K-ZSM-5 (molecular sieve) in a fixed bed was evaluated. The catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance in the dioxane yield (ca. 77%) at 523 K and in the ethylene oxide yield (ca. 72%) at 623 K. Importantly, the catalyst was recycled several times with no reduction in activity and this method offered a green, efficient, cost effective and environmentally friendly process.

【Objective】 Global climate change and anthropogenic activities combine to have altered water flow and distribution in many basins, especially those in arid and semi-arid regions. Understanding water yield and its spatiotemporal change in a basin, as well as their determinants, is hence important to improve water management but challenging because of the amount of data it requires. Taking Tarim basin as an example, this paper aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in its water yield and the underlying mechanisms. 【Method】 The analysis was based on numerical simulations; spatiotemporal distribution of water yield from 2000 to 2015 in three catchments in the basin: Hotan catchment, Kaidu-Kongqu catchment, and Yerqiang catchment, was simulated using the InVEST model. Factors posited to impact water yield in the three catchments, including precipitation, temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, GDP and population density, were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and the geographic detector. 【Result】 Spatially, the average annual water yield in each catchment was in its upper reach with average depth of the water yield in all three catchments being more than 30 mm. On average, the water yield in Kaidu-Kongque catchment was more than that in the Hetian and Yarkant catchment; and the water yield in most upstream areas in the three catchments was more than 120 mm. From 2000 to 2015, the water yield in Hetian and Kaidu-Kongque catchment had been in decline, while that in Yarkant catchment had been in rise. Precipitation and water production were correlated at significant level for all studied areas, accounting for 73.99%, 88.49% and 71.11% of the water production in Hetian, Kaidu-Peacock and Yarkant catchments respectively, indicating that precipitation was the key contributor to the water yield. Geographical-detector analysis revealed that air temperature and precipitation were the dominant factors controlling the spatial distribution of water yield and their impacts were nonlinearly integrated, with the Q value being higher than 0.438. Intra-basin factors that were not correlated at significant level are as follows: Population density and GDP for Hetian catchment; relative humidity, radiation and wind speed for Kaidu-Kongque catchment; population density and humidity for Yarkant catchment. 【Conclusion】 The water yield in typical inland river basins in arid areas of northwestern China was mainly affected by temperature and precipitation.

Background: Atrial appendage tachycardia (AAT) originating from the atrial appendage (AA) is extremely difficult to eliminate using radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). The optimal management strategy for AAT refractory to RFCA remains unclear.Objective: This study aims to investigate the long-term result of ablative therapy and the optimal alternative management for AAT refractory to RFCA.Methods: A total of 51 patients with AAT originating from the AA undergoing RFCA were recruited. Video-assisted atrial appendectomy and oral ivabradine were performed on those with AATs refractory to RFCA, and this study aimed to evaluate their safety and long-term efficacy.Results: We included 51 patients (51/586, 8.7%) with AATs confirmed by activation mapping and contrast venography. Among them, there were 28 (54.9%) AATs originating from the distal AA. In total, 14 (27.4%) AATs were refractory to RFCA, including 13 originating from the distal AA and one arising from the proximal AA. Ten of 11 (90.9%) AATs originating from the distal AA were eliminated after an atrial appendectomy, and the other three AATs were suppressed using oral ivabradine. Origins from the distal AA refractory to RFCA and early age of AAT onset ≤26.5 years indicated the need for atrial appendectomy. No major complications occurred, and nine patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy fully recovered. Long-term success was achieved in 98.0% of patients with multiple treatment managements.Conclusion: AATs originating from the distal AA were more refractory to RFCA. RFCA was the cornerstone of AAT catheter ablation. Video-assisted thoracoscopic atrial appendectomy was an effective strategy for those origins at the distal AA and the age of AAT onset ≤26.5 years. Ivabradine represents a promising treatment for AAT temporarily in pediatric and young adult patients.

With the development of nuclear power, the disposal and disposal of high-level waste generated by nuclear power plants have also received great attention from the public. After a comprehensive comparison of methods such as transmutation method, dilution method and isolation method, at present, deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste is recognized as the best method for nuclear waste at home and abroad. During the construction stage of the repository, due to excavation, the stress in the surrounding rock is redistributed and the surrounding rock is disturbed. The original fissures in the rock mass expand and connect, resulting in new micro-cracks, and the permeability coefficient of the rock mass becomes larger. It is the excavation damaged zone (EDZ). EDZ is located between the engineering barrier of the high-level radioactive waste repository and the remote surrounding rock, and is an important channel for the migration of radionuclides. Groundwater flowing through the deep surrounding rock fissures and the fracture zone of the disturbed layer cause water-rock reaction to change the composition, which affects the release rate and migration parameters of radionuclides in the high-level glass body. It is necessary to obtain large-scale fissures during excavation in the underground laboratory. Rock and disturbed layer fracture zone, establish nuclide release and migration devices, and obtain groundwater intrusion into deep surrounding rock fissures and disturbed fracture zones that lead to the release and migration parameters of high-level radioactive glass nuclide, which is useful for the safety evaluation of the entire geological disposal site. Researchers conducted simulation analysis through experiments and computer software and found that fissure water, Eh-pH, fissure fillings, colloids in the fissures, and humic acid in the fissures in the EDZ zone all affect the migration of nuclide. Carrying out research on the effect of EDZ on the release of nuclide source terms in high-level radioactive waste and studying on the migration behavior of nuclide under deep surrounding rock conditions, and grasping the release law of key nuclides under deep geological conditions and their migration in EDZ areas and fissuring laws and optimizing migration models will provide technical reserves for nuclear in situ migration experiments during the operation phase of underground laboratories, and provide technical support and scientific basis for the site selection, conceptual design and safety evaluation of my country’s high-level radioactive waste repository.

Bismuth is widely used in advanced nuclear reactors such as lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) fast reactors, space reactors and so on. Its neutron nuclear data, especially the inelastic scattering cross sections have significant impact on safety and economics of these nuclear facilities. A facility for measurement of neutron reaction cross sections using prompt γ ray method based on the HI13 tandem accelerator was established at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). Neutrons were produced using a D2 gas target bombarded with deuterons at 65, 80 and 95 MeV. The neutron target was positioned in the center of a shielding in size of 2 m×2 m×2 m composed of concrete, iron, lead and borated polyethylene. Neutrons were extracted at 0° with respect to the deuteron beam through a collimator made of copper, iron, polyethylene and lead. Neutron inelastic scattering cross sections at 90, 105 and 120 MeV were measured experimentally for 209Bi with a 209Bi sample in size of 50 mm×4 mm. A natural titanium sample in size of 50 mm×1 mm was used as the reference sample. By measuring production cross sections of the 983.5 keV γ rays produced when neutrons scattered inelastically off 48Ti nuclei, a normalization factor can be determined. 4 Clover detectors were used to measure produced γ rays. They were placed at 30°, 70°, 110° and 150° with respect to the deuteron beam. Lead shielding in thickness of approximately 2 cm was used for detector head to shield scattered γ rays. Timeofflight method was used to determine neutron energy, thus neutrons produced by DD breakup could be discriminated with neutrons produced by DD fusion. The energy and absolute efficiency were calibrated using 152Eu, 60Co, 22Na and 133Ba standard γ sources with known radioactive activities. A 508 cm×508 cm liquid scintillation detector was positioned at the end of neutron beam line to monitor the neutron fluxes passing through the samples. Two specific measurement angles at 110° and 150° were selected to obtain angleintegrated γ production cross sections by performing a simple linear summation of the partial cross sections measured at these angles. Talys 195 code was used to calculate ratios of γ production cross sections and total inelastic scattering cross sections. The experiment results were compared with other experiment data, data retrieved from ENDF/BⅧ0, JEFF33, JENDL40, ROSFOND2010 and CENDL31 evaluated nuclear data libraries as well as calculation by Talys 195 code with the default parameters. The results show that the tendency of these 3 measured energy points is similar to these results. For cross sections measured at 90 and 105 MeV, the results are closer to data calculated with Talys 195 code. For cross section measured at 120 MeV, it fits the ROSFOND2010 evaluated data better.

The residual stresses measured by photo-elastic method in cross section along the thickness direction of optical parts were compared quantitatively between injection molding and co-injection molding. The results show that the residual stress distributions of both injection molded slices and co-injection molded slices are double-parabolic shape, however, the latter has a higher stress level than that of the former. Besides, PC/PC and PMMA/PMMA disks by co-injection molding have no low-stress layer or zero-stress layer on both sides of the interface, on the contrary, there is a high stress peak at the interface. The stress in the PMMA layer of both PC/PMMA and PMMA/PC slices is increased gradually along the side surface toward the interface, which is different from the double-parabolic shape distribution of PMMA and PMMA/PMMA slices. The injection sequence of PC and PMMA layers has remarkable influence on the residual stress at the interface and in the PC layer of co-injection molded composite disks. The residual stress at the interface of PC/PMMA slices is significantly higher than that of PMMA/PC slices, and there still exists low stress layer and zero stress layer near the interface in the PC layer of PC/PMMA slices, while there are no such two stress layers in PMMA/PC slices.

The resistance abilities of (100) and (111)-faceted diamond films against oxygen plasma, 100 μm as film thickness, were investigated by the microwave power chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) technique. The results indicate that the preferred etching points of the (100)-faceted diamond films are located at the grain boundaries and the preferred etching points of the (111)-faceted diamond films are located at the crystal surfaces. After 30 minutes etching, the (100)-faceted crystal can still be obviously shown while the (111)-faceted crystal is unobvious. After 60 minutes etching, the preferential orientations of (100)-faceted and(111)-faceted diamond films both are disappeared. The FWHM value of the (100)-faceted diamond films is increased from 8.51 cm–1 to 12.48 cm–1 and the FWHM value of the(111)-faceted diamond films is increased from 8.74 cm–1 to 148.49 cm–1 when the etching time is 60 minutes. The etching rate of the (100)-faceted diamond film is 0.35 μm/min when the etching time is 40 minutes and it is increased to 1.34 μm/min when the etching time is 60 minutes. At early stage, the (100)-faceted diamond film presented better resistance ability than the (111)-faceted diamond film against the oxygen plasma etching. But the resistance abilities to the plasma etching of the (100) and the (111)-faceted diamond films are similar when the etching time is 60 minutes.

UNLABELLED: Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli are the leading cause of death attributed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide, and the known AMR mechanisms involve a range of functional proteins. Here, we employed a pan-genome wide association study (GWAS) approach on over 1,000 E. coli isolates from sick dogs collected across the US and Canada and identified a strong statistical association (empirical P < 0.01) of AMR, involving a range of antibiotics to a group 1 capsular (CPS) gene cluster. This cluster included genes under relaxed selection pressure, had several loci missing, and had pseudogenes for other key loci. Furthermore, this cluster is widespread in E. coli and Klebsiella clinical isolates across multiple host species. Earlier studies demonstrated that the octameric CPS polysaccharide export protein Wza can transmit macrolide antibiotics into the E. coli periplasm. We suggest that the CPS in question, and its highly divergent Wza, functions as an antibiotic trap, preventing antimicrobial penetration. We also highlight the high diversity of lineages circulating in dogs across all regions studied, the overlap with human lineages, and regional prevalence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes. IMPORTANCE: Much of the human genomic epidemiology data available for E. coli mechanism discovery studies has been heavily biased toward shiga-toxin producing strains from humans and livestock. E. coli occupies many niches and produces a wide variety of other significant pathotypes, including some implicated in chronic disease. We hypothesized that since dogs tend to share similar strains with their owners and are treated with similar antibiotics, their pathogenic isolates will harbor unexplored AMR mechanisms of importance to humans as well as animals. By comparing over 1,000 genomes with in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility data from sick dogs across the US and Canada, we identified a strong multidrug resistance association with an operon that appears to have once conferred a type 1 capsule production system.