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172 results on '"Sun LR"'

1. Cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography in Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage: Considerations in Critically Ill Children

Author: Harrar, DB, primary, Sun, LR, additional, Goss, M, additional, and Pearl, MS, additional
Published: 2022
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2. First measurements with the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author: Bernardini P, Bleve C, Creti P, De Mitri I, DeVincenzi M, Mancarella G, Marsella G, Martello D, Panareo M, Pino C, Surdo A, Barone F, Bartoli B, Catalanotti S, Cavaliere S, D’Ettorre Piazzoli B, Di Girolamo T, Di Sciascio G, Iacovacci M, Mastroianni S, Milano L, Rossi E, Saggese L, Cusumano G, D’Ali’ Staiti G, Nicastro L, Sacco B, Liguori G, Salvini P, Aielli G, Camarri P, Cardarelli R, Cavaliere A, D’Elia V, Liberti B, Santonico R, Bacci C, Celio P, Cesaroni F, De Marinis E, Fratini K, MARI, Stefano Maria, Pieri L, Pistilli P, Stanescu C, Storini M, Vallania P, Vernetto S, Gou QB, He HH, Hu HB, Jing CL, Kuang HH, Lu H, Shen PR, Sheng XD, Tan YH, Wang H, Wang HY, Wu CY, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang Y, Zhu QQ, Feng CF, He M, Li JY, Wang YG, Xue L, Zhang NJ, Zhang XY, Feng ZY, Huang Q, Jia HY, Yu GC, Zhou XX, Danzengluobu, Ding XH, Guo HW, Hu Haibing, Labaciren, Meng XR, Ning CC, Yuan AF, Zhaxisangzhu, Gao XY, Geng QX, Liu CQ, Liu J, Mu J, Yangv HT, Yang QY, Yang XC, Zhang L, Zhang P, Bao KZ, Sun LR, Sun SC, Yue XD, Yao QK, Ma YM, Cheng KS, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Celio P, Bussino S, La Rosa A, Mari S, Martello D, Stanescu C, Surdo A, Bernardini, P, Bleve, C, Creti, P, De Mitri, I, Devincenzi, M, Mancarella, G, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Panareo, M, Pino, C, Surdo, A, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Iacovacci, M, Mastroianni, S, Milano, L, Rossi, E, Saggese, L, Cusumano, G, D’Ali’ Staiti, G, Nicastro, L, Sacco, B, Liguori, G, Salvini, P, Aielli, G, Camarri, P, Cardarelli, R, Cavaliere, A, D’Elia, V, Liberti, B, Santonico, R, Bacci, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Celio, P, Cesaroni, F, De Marinis, E, Fratini, K, Mari, Stefano Maria, Pieri, L, Pistilli, P, Stanescu, C, Storini, M, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Gou, Qb, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Jing, Cl, Kuang, Hh, Lu, H, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Tan, Yh, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wu, Cy, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Y, Zhu, Qq, Feng, Cf, He, M, Li, Jy, Wang, Yg, Xue, L, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, Feng, Zy, Huang, Q, Jia, Hy, Yu, Gc, Zhou, Xx, Danzengluobu, Ding, Xh, Guo, Hw, Hu, Haibing, Labaciren, Meng, Xr, Ning, Cc, Yuan, Af, Zhaxisangzhu, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Liu, Cq, Liu, J, Mu, J, Yangv, Ht, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Bao, Kz, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Yue, Xd, Yao, Qk, Ma, Ym, and Cheng, Ks
Subjects: ARGO-YBJ, Shower detectors, Cosmic Ray
Abstract: The detection of small size air showers at high altitude allows the search for γ-ray point sources at few hundreds GeV energy threshold. The ARGO-YBJ experiment, currently under construction at the Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Laboratory (4300 m a.s.l.), has been designed to meet these requirements by exploiting the RPC technology and a dedicated DAQ system based on a custom high-speed read-out architecture. About 1600 m2 of detector have been instrumented and put into operation for calibration runs devoted to test the performance of the individual components and their integrated operation. Events collected with a ’shower mode’ trigger have been recorded to check the consistency of physics data. We present the current status of the experiment and report on future prospects.
Published: 2003

3. The Trigger System of the ARGO-YBJ detector

Author: Bernardini P, Bleve C, Creti P, De Mitri I, DeVincenzi M, Mancarella G, Marsella G, Martello D, Panareo M, Pino C, Surdo A, Barone F, Bartoli B, Catalanotti S, Cavaliere S, D’Ettorre Piazzoli B, Di Girolamo T, Di Sciascio G, Iacovacci M, Mastroianni S, Milano L, Rossi E, Saggese L, Cusumano G, D’Ali’ Staiti G, Nicastro L, Sacco B, Liguori G, Salvini P, Aielli G, Camarri P, Cardarelli R, Cavaliere A, D’Elia V, Liberti B, Santonico R, Bacci C, Celio P, Cesaroni F, De Marinis E, Fratini K, MARI, Stefano Maria, Pieri L, Pistilli P, Stanescu C, Storini M, Vallania P, Vernetto S, Gou QB, He HH, Hu HB, Jing CL, Kuang HH, Lu H, Shen PR, Sheng XD, Tan YH, Wang H, Wang HY, Wu CY, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang Y, Zhu QQ, Feng CF, He M, Li JY, Wang YG, Xue L, Zhang NJ, Zhang XY, Feng ZY, Huang Q, Jia HY, Yu GC, Zhou XX, Danzengluobu, Ding XH, Guo HW, Hu Haibing, Labaciren, Meng XR, Ning CC, Yuan AF, Zhaxisangzhu, Gao XY, Geng QX, Liu CQ, Liu J, Mu J, Yangv HT, Yang QY, Yang XC, Zhang L, Zhang P, Bao KZ, Sun LR, Sun SC, Yue XD, Yao QK, Ma YM, Cheng KS, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Kajita T, Asaoka Y, Kawachi A, Matsubara Y, Sasaki M, Bernardini, P, Bleve, C, Creti, P, De Mitri, I, Devincenzi, M, Mancarella, G, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Panareo, M, Pino, C, Surdo, A, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, D’Ettorre Piazzoli, B, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Iacovacci, M, Mastroianni, S, Milano, L, Rossi, E, Saggese, L, Cusumano, G, D’Ali’ Staiti, G, Nicastro, L, Sacco, B, Liguori, G, Salvini, P, Aielli, G, Camarri, P, Cardarelli, R, Cavaliere, A, D’Elia, V, Liberti, B, Santonico, R, Bacci, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Celio, P, Cesaroni, F, De Marinis, E, Fratini, K, Mari, Stefano Maria, Pieri, L, Pistilli, P, Stanescu, C, Storini, M, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Gou, Qb, He, Hh, Hu, Hb, Jing, Cl, Kuang, Hh, Lu, H, Shen, Pr, Sheng, Xd, Tan, Yh, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wu, Cy, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Y, Zhu, Qq, Feng, Cf, He, M, Li, Jy, Wang, Yg, Xue, L, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, Feng, Zy, Huang, Q, Jia, Hy, Yu, Gc, Zhou, Xx, Danzengluobu, Ding, Xh, Guo, Hw, Hu, Haibing, Labaciren, Meng, Xr, Ning, Cc, Yuan, Af, Zhaxisangzhu, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Liu, Cq, Liu, J, Mu, J, Yangv, Ht, Yang, Qy, Yang, Xc, Zhang, L, Zhang, P, Bao, Kz, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Yue, Xd, Yao, Qk, Ma, Ym, and Cheng, Ks
Subjects: ARGO-YBJ, Trigger system, Shower detectors
Abstract: The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been designed to detect air shower events over a large size scale and with an energy threshold of a few hundreds GeV. The building blocks of the ARGO-YBJ detector are single-gap Resistive Plate Counters (RPCs). The trigger logic selects the events on the basis of their hit multiplicity. Inclusive triggers as well as dedicated triggers for specific physics channels or calibration purposes have been developed. This paper describes the architecture and the main features of the trigger system.
Published: 2003

4. Results from the ARGO-YBJ test experiment ARGO-YBJ collaboration

Author: Bacci C, Bao KZ, Barone F, Bartoli B, Bernardini P, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni E, Cao BY, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Cavaliere S, Cesaroni F, Creti P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli BD, De Vincenzi M, Di Girolamo T, Di Sciascio G, Feng ZY, Fu Y, Gao XY, Geng QX, Guo HW, He HH, He M, Huang Q, Iacovacci M, Iucci N, Jai HY, Jing CL, Kong FM, Kuang HH, Labaciren, Li B, Li JY, Liu ZQ, Lu H, Ma XH, Mancarella G, MARI, Stefano Maria, Marsella G, Martello D, Meng XR, Milano L, Mu J, Panareo M, Peng ZR, Pistilli P, Santonico R, Shen PR, Stanescu C, Sun LR, Sun SC, Surdo A, Tan YH, Vernetto S, Wang CR, Wang H, Wang HY, Wei YN, Yang HT, Yao QK, Yu GC, Yue XD, Yuan AF, Zha M, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang NJ, Zhang XY, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu QQ, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, Danzengluobu, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, H. H., He, M., He, Q., Huang, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, C. L., Jing, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, Labaciren, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, G., Marsella, D., Martello, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, M., Panareo, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Q. Q., Zhu, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Jing, Cl, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, and Zhu, Qq
Subjects: AIR SHOWERS, RPCS
Abstract: A resistive plate counters (RPCs) carpet of similar to50 m(2) has been put in operation in the Yangbajing Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China) at 4300 in a.s.l., in order to study the RPCs performance at high altitude and the detector capability of imaging the EAS disc. This test has been performed in view of an enlarged use of RPCs for the ARGO-YBJ experiment. This experiment will be devoted to a wide range of fundamental issues in cosmic rays and astroparticle physics, including in particular gamma-ray astronomy and gamma-ray bursts physics at energies greater than or equal to 100 GeV. In this paper we present and discuss the procedures adopted to calibrate the detector and reconstruct the shower direction. Results concerning many shower features as the angular distribution, the density spectrum, the time profile of the shower front, are found well consistent with the expectation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2002

5. Study on the performance of YBJ 50m(2) RPC carpet

Author: He HH, Bacci C, Bao KZ, Barone F, Bartoli B, Bernardini P, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni E, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Cavaliere S, Cesaroni F, Cha M, Creti P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli BD, de Vincenzi M, di Girolamo T, di Sciascio G, Feng ZY, Fu Y, Gao XY, Geng QX, Guo HW, He M, Huang Q, Iacovacci M, Iucci N, Jia HY, Jing CL, Kong FM, Kuang HH, Labaciren, Li JY, Liu CQ, Lu H, Ma XH, Mancarella G, Marsella G, Martello D, Meng XR, Milano L, Mu J, Peng ZR, Pistilli P, Qu RF, Santonico R, Sbarra C, Shen PR, Stanescu C, Sun LR, Sun SC, Surdo A, Tan YH, Vernetto S, Wang CR, Wang H, Wang HY, Wei YN, Yang HT, Yao QK, Yu GC, Yue XD, Yuan AF, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang NJ, Zhang XY, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu QQ, MARI, Stefano Maria, H. H., He, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, E., Calloni, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, M., Cha, P., Creti, Danzengluobu, B. D., Piazzoli, M. d., Vincenzi, T. d., Girolamo, G. d., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, M., He, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jia, C. L., Jing, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, Labaciren, J. Y., Li, C. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, R. F., Qu, R., Santonico, C., Sbarra, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Q. Q., Zhu, Bartoli, Bruno, Calloni, Enrico, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mancarella, G., Marsella, D., Martello, He, Hh, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Cha, M, Creti, P, Piazzoli, Bd, de Vincenzi, M, di Girolamo, T, di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jia, Hy, Jing, Cl, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Li, Jy, Liu, Cq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Qu, Rf, Santonico, R, Sbarra, C, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, Zhu, Qq, Bussino, S, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, and Mari, Sm
Abstract: The characteristics of a 50m(2) RPC carpet(prototype of YBJ-ARGO experiment)was analyzed using its test run data. A correction method of the systematic time error is suggested, and nonuniform azimuthal angle distribution possibly due to direction reconstruction error on an asymmetric carpet is reported.
Published: 2001

6. High altitude test of RPCs for the Argo YBJ experiment RID G-6769-2011

Author: Bacci C, Bao KZ, Barone F, Bartoli B, Bernardini P, Buonomo R, Calloni E, Cao BY, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Cavaliere A, Cesaroni F, Creti P, Danzengluobu M, Piazzoli BD, De Vincenzi M, Di Girolamo T, Di Sciascio G, Feng ZY, Fu Y, Gao XY, Geng QX, Guo HW, He HH, He M, Huang Q, Iacovacci M, Iucci N, Jai HY, Kong FM, Kuang HH, Labaciren, Li B, Li JY, Liu ZQ, Lu H, Ma XH, Mancarella G, MARI, Stefano Maria, Marsella G, Martello D, Mei DM, Meng XR, Milano L, Morselli A, Mu J, Panareo M, Parisi M, Pellizzoni G, Peng ZR, Pinto C, Pistilli P, Reali E, Santonico R, Severino G, Shen PR, Stanescu C, Su J, Sun LR, Sun SC, Surdo A, Tan YH, Vernetto S, Wang CR, Wang H, Wang HY, Wei YN, Yang HT, Yao QK, Yu GC, Yue XD, Yuan AF, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang NJ, Zhang TJ, Zhang XY, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu QQ, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Buonomo, R, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, M, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mei, Dm, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Morselli, A, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Parisi, M, Pellizzoni, G, Peng, Zr, Pinto, C, Pistilli, P, Reali, E, Santonico, R, Severino, G, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Su, J, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Qq
Abstract: A 50 m(2) RPC carpet was operated at the YanBaJin Cosmic Ray Laboratory (Tibet) located 4300 m a.s.l. The performance of RPCs in detecting Extensive Air Showers was studied. Efficiency and time-resolution measurements at the pressure and temperature conditions typical of high mountain laboratories, are reported. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2000

7. The use of RPC in the ARGO-YBJ project RID G-6769-2011

Author: Bacci C, Bao KZ, Barone F, Bartoli B, Bastieri D, Bernardini P, Calloni E, Cao BY, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Cavaliere A, Cesaroni F, Creti P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli BD, De Vincenzi M, Di Girolamo T, Di Sciascio G, Feng ZY, Fu Y, Gao XY, Geng QX, Guo HW, Huang Q, He HH, He M, Iacovacci M, Iucci N, Jai HY, Kong FM, Kuang HH, Labaciren, Li B, Li JY, Liu ZQ, Lu H, Ma XH, Marmolino C, Mancarella G, MARI, Stefano Maria, Martello D, Marsella G, Mei DM, Meng XR, Morselli A, Milano L, Mu J, Oliviero M, Padovani P, Panareo M, Parisi M, Peng ZR, Pistilli P, Santonico R, Sartori G, Sbarra C, Severino G, Sparvoli R, Stanescu C, Storini M, Shen PR, Sun LR, Sun SC, Su J, Surdo A, Tan YH, Vernetto S, Vietri M, Wang CR, Wang F, Wang HY, Wei YN, Yang HT, Yao QK, Yu GC, Yuan AF, Yue XD, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang NJ, Zhang TJ, Zhang XY, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhu QQ, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bastieri, D, Bernardini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, Huang, Q, He, Hh, He, M, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Marmolino, C, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Martello, D, Marsella, G, Mei, Dm, Meng, Xr, Morselli, A, Milano, L, Mu, J, Oliviero, M, Padovani, P, Panareo, M, Parisi, M, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Sartori, G, Sbarra, C, Severino, G, Sparvoli, R, Stanescu, C, Storini, M, Shen, Pr, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Su, J, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Vietri, M, Wang, Cr, Wang, F, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yuan, Af, Yue, Xd, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, and Zhu, Qq
Abstract: We present the ARGO-YBJ experiment, a full coverage detector placed at high altitude (similar to 4300 m a.s.l.) that exploits the RPC technique. Results of a test experiment performed at Yanbajing site, with a full coverage RPC carpet of 50 m(2) are also presented.
Published: 1999

8. The ARGO-YBJ detector and high energy GRBs RID G-6769-2011

Author: Bacci C, Bao KZ, Barone F, Bartoli B, Bastieri D, Bernardini P, Buonomo R, Calloni E, Cao BY, Cardarelli R, Catalanotti S, Cavaliere A, Cesaroni F, Creti P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli BD, De Vincenzi M, Di Girolamo T, Di Sciascio G, Feng ZY, Fu Y, Gao XY, Geng QX, Guo HW, He HH, He M, Huang Q, Iacovacci M, Iucci N, Jai HY, Kong FM, Kuang HH, Labaciren, Li B, Li JY, Liu ZQ, Lu H, Ma XH, Mancarella G, MARI, Stefano Maria, Marsella G, Martello D, Mei DM, Meng XR, Milano L, Morselli A, Mu J, Oliviero M, Padovani P, Panareo M, Parisi M, Pellizzoni G, Peng ZR, Pistilli P, Santonico R, Sartori G, Sbarra C, Severino G, Shen PR, Sparvoli R, Stanescu C, Su J, Sun LR, Sun SC, Surdo A, Tan YH, Vernetto S, Vietri M, Wang CR, Wang H, Wang HY, Wei YN, Yang HT, Yao QK, Yu GC, Yue XD, Yuan AF, Zhang HM, Zhang JL, Zhang NJ, Zhang TJ, Zhang XY, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu QQ, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bastieri, D, Bernardini, P, Buonomo, R, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mei, Dm, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Morselli, A, Mu, J, Oliviero, M, Padovani, P, Panareo, M, Parisi, M, Pellizzoni, G, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Sartori, G, Sbarra, C, Severino, G, Shen, Pr, Sparvoli, R, Stanescu, C, Su, J, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Vietri, M, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Qq
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: ARGO-YBJ (Astrophysical Radiation with Ground-based Observatory at YangBaJing) is a detector optimized to study small size air showers. It consists of a layer of Resistive Plate Counters (RPCs) covering an area of similar to 6500 m(2) and will be located in the Yangbajing Laboratory (Tibet, China) at 4300 m a.s.l. ARGO-YBJ will be devoted to a wide range of fundamental issues in cosmic rays and astroparticle physics, including in particular gamma-ray astronomy and gamma-ray bursts physics in the range 10 GeV divided by 500 TeV. The sensitivity of ARGO-YBJ to detect high energy GRBs is presented.
Published: 1999

9. The ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet

Author: Aloisio, A., Bacci, C., Bao, Kz, Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Camarri, P., Cao, By, Cardarelli, R., Casolino, M., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Cha, M., Creti, P., Cusimano, G., Staiti, Gd, Danzengluobu, D Elia, V., Mitri, I., D Ettorre, B., Piazzoli, Bd, Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Giuseppe Di Sciascio, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y., Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B., Li, Jy, Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, Zq, Lu, H., Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G., Mari, Sm, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Meng, Xr, Milano, L., Mineo, T., Mu, J., Nicastro, L., Orlando, D., Panareo, M., Paoloni, A., Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P., Raso, G., Sacco, B., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Scarsi, L., Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A., Tan, Yh, Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Wang, Cr, Wang, H., Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Qq
Subjects: Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale

10. Performance of the RPCs for the ARGO detector operated at the YangBaJing laboratory (4300m a.s.l.)

Author: Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, Fabrizio, Bartoli, B., Bastieri, D., Bernardini, P., Buonomo, R., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., De Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mei, D. M., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Morselli, A., Mu, J., Oliviero, M., Padovani, P., Panareo, M., Parisi, M., Pellizzoni, G., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Santonico, R., Sartori, G., Sbarra, C., Severino, G., Shen, P. R., Sparvoli, R., Stanescu, C., Su, J., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vernetto, S., Vietri, M., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yang, H. T., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Q. Q., Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Jing, Cl, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Saggese, L, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Q, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Qq, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, H. H., He, M., He, Q., Huang, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, C. L., Jing, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, G., Marsella, D., Martello, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, M., Panareo, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, L., Saggese, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, M., Zha, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Q. Q., Zhu, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, E., Calloni, S., Catalanotti, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, G., DI SCIASCIO, M., Iacovacci, Mancarella, Giovanni, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Panareo, Marco, and Q. K., Yao
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gamma-ray Astronomy, Extensive air showers, RPCs, Gamma-ray astronomy, Detector, Astronomy, Extensive Air Shower, Time resolution, ARGO-YBJ experiment, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Operating temperature, Bakelite, Instrumentation, Argo, Counting rate, Remote sensing
Abstract: Bakelite RPCs, assembled according to the ARGO design, have been operated in the high altitude Laboratory of YBJ using dedicated electronics to pick-up the streamer signal. Here we report on the results concerning absorbed current, single counting rate, efficiency and time resolution. Environmental data concerning the operating temperature inside the ARGO experimental hall are also reported. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2003

11. Results of the ARGO-YBJ test experiment

Author: Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, Fabrizio, Bartoli, B., Bastieri, D., Bernardini, P., Buonomo, R., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, D'Ettorre Piazzoli, B., De Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Mei, D. M., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Morselli, A., Mu, J., Oliviero, M., Padovani, P., Panareo, M., Parisi, M., Pellizzoni, G., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Santonico, R., Sartori, G., Sbarra, C., Severino, G., Shen, P. R., Sparvoli, R., Stanescu, C., Su, J., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vernetto, S., Vietri, M., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yang, H. T., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Q. Q., Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, Paolo, Bussino, S, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, Bd, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Jing, Cl, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, Giovanni, Mari, Sm, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, Marco, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zha, M, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, and Zhu, Qq
Subjects: Astroparticle physics, Physics, Resistive touchscreen, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Gamma-ray astronomy, Gamma-ray Astronomy, Cosmic rays, Ground-based Astronomy, Nuclear physics, Angular distribution, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Argo, Time profile
Abstract: A resistive plate counters (RPCs) carpet of ∼50 m 2 has been put in operation in the Yangbajing Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China) at 4300 m a.s.l., in order to study the RPCs performance at high altitude and the detector capability of imaging the EAS disc. This test has been performed in view of an enlarged use of RPCs for the ARGO-YBJ experiment. This experiment will be devoted to a wide range of fundamental issues in cosmic rays and astroparticle physics, including in particular γ-ray astronomy and γ-ray bursts physics at energies ⩾100 GeV. In this paper we present and discuss the procedures adopted to calibrate the detector and reconstruct the shower direction. Results concerning many shower features as the angular distribution, the density spectrum, the time profile of the shower front, are found well consistent with the expectation.
Published: 2002

12. Results from the analysis of data collected with a 50m(2) RPC carpet at YangBaJing

Author: THE ARGO YBJ COLLABORATION, G. AIELLI, R. ASSIRO, C. BACCI, B. BARTOLI, P. BERNARDINI, X. J. BI, B. BIONDO, C. BLEVE, S. BRICOLA, F. BUDANO, BUSSINO, Severino Angelo Maria, A. K. CALABRESE MELCARNE, P. CAMARRI, D. CAMPANA, Z. CAO, R. CARDARELLI, S. CATALANOTTI, S. CAVALIERE, P. CELIO, N. CHENG, P. CRETI, G. CUSUMANO, B. Z. DAI, G. DALI STAITI, DANZENGLUOBU, B. DAQUINO, E. DE MARINIS, I. DE MITRI, B. DETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M. DE VINCENZI, T. DI GIROLAMO, X. H. DING, G. DI SCIASCIO, C. F. FENG, ZHAOYANG FENG, ZHENYONG FENG, K. FRATINI, X. F. GAO, Q. B. GOU, H. H. HE, M. HE, HAIBING HU, HONGBO HU, Q. HUANG, M. IACOVACCI, I. JAMES, H. Y. JIA, LABACIREN, H. J. LI, J. Y. LI, B. LIBERTI, G. LIGUORI, C. Q. LIU, J. LIU, H. LU, G. MANCARELLA, A. MANGANO, G. MARSELLA, D. MARTELLO, S. MASTROIANNI, X. R. MENG, J. MU, L. NICASTRO, C. C. NING, M. PANAREO, L. PERRONE, C. PINO, C. PINTO, P. PISTILLI, E. ROSSI, L. SAGGESE, P. SALVINI, R. SANTONICO, P. R. SHEN, X. D. SHENG, F. SHI, C. STANESCU, A. SURDO, Y. H. TAN, P. VALLANIA, S. VERNETTO, H. WANG, YONGGANG WANG, YUNGANG WANG, C. Y. WU, H. R. WU, L. XUE, H. T. YANG, Q. Y. YANG, X. C. YANG, G. C. YU, A. F. YUAN, M. ZHA, H. M. ZHANG, J. L. ZHANG, L. ZHANG, N. J. ZHANG, P. ZHANG, X. Y. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, ZHAXISANGZHU, X. X. ZHOL, F. R. ZHU, Q. Q. ZHU, MARI, Stefano Maria, Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Creti, P., Danzengluobu, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, B., DE VINCENZI, M., DI GIROLAMO, T., DI SCIASCIO, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, He, M., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Mei, D. M., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mu, J., Panareo, Marco, Pellizzoni, G., Peng, Z. R., Pinto, C., Pistilli, P., Reali, E., Santonico, R., Sbarra, C., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Su, J., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yang, H. T., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Q. Q., C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, A., Cavaliere, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, M., He, Q., Huang, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, G., Marsella, D., Martello, D. M., Mei, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, J., Mu, M., Panareo, C., Pellizzoni, Z. R., Peng, C., Pinto, P., Pistilli, E., Reali, R., Santonico, C., Sbarra, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, J., Su, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Q. Q., Zhu, Piazzoli, B. D., Vincenzi, M. D., Girolamo, T. D., Sciascio, G. D., Mancarella, Giovanni, Pellizzoni, C., THE ARGO YBJ, Collaboration, G., Aielli, R., Assiro, B., Bartoli, X. J., Bi, B., Biondo, C., Bleve, S., Bricola, F., Budano, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, A. K., CALABRESE MELCARNE, P., Camarri, D., Campana, Z., Cao, S., Catalanotti, P., Celio, N., Cheng, G., Cusumano, B. Z., Dai, G., DALI STAITI, B., Daquino, E., DE MARINIS, I., DE MITRI, B., DETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, X. H., Ding, G., DI SCIASCIO, C. F., Feng, Zhaoyang, Feng, Zhenyong, Feng, K., Fratini, X. F., Gao, Q. B., Gou, Haibing, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, M., Iacovacci, I., Jame, H. Y., Jia, H. J., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, C. Q., Liu, J., Liu, A., Mangano, Mari, Stefano Maria, S., Mastroianni, L., Nicastro, C. C., Ning, L., Perrone, C., Pino, E., Rossi, L., Saggese, P., Salvini, X. D., Sheng, F., Shi, P., Vallania, Yonggang, Wang, Yungang, Wang, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, L., Xue, Q. Y., Yang, X. C., Yang, M., Zha, L., Zhang, P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X., Zhol, F. R., Zhu, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Mei, Dm, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mu, J, Panareo, M, Pellizzoni, C, Peng, Zr, Pinto, C, Pistilli, P, Reali, E, Santonico, R, Sbarra, C, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Su, J, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, and Zhu, Qq
Subjects: Physics, gamma ray detector, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Shower, Air shower, Altitude, Meteorology, Data analysis, Gamma Ray Bursts, Effects of high altitude on humans, Instrumentation
Abstract: An RPC carpet covering similar to 10(4) m(2) (ARGO-YBJ experiment) will be installed in the YangBaJing Laboratory (Tibet, People's Republic of China) at an altitude of 4300 m a.s.l. A test-module of similar to 50 m(2) has been put in operation in this laboratory and about 10(6) air shower events have been collected. The RPC performance at high altitude and the carpet capability of reconstructing the shower features are presented. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2000

13. The use of RPC in the ARGO-YBJ project

Author: C. Bacci, K.Z. Bao, F. Barone, B. Bartoli, D. Bastieri, P. Bernardini, S. Bussino, E. Calloni, B.Y. Cao, R. Cardarelli, S. Catalanotti, A. Cavaliere, F. Cesaroni, P. Creti, null Danzengluobu, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, M. De Vincenzi, T. Di Girolamo, G. Di Sciascio, Z.Y. Feng, Y. Fu, X.Y. Gao, Q.X. Geng, H.W. Guo, Q. Huang, H.H. He, M. He, M. Iacovacci, N. Iucci, H.Y. Jai, F.M. Kong, H.H. Kuang, null Labaciren, B. Li, J.Y. Li, Z.Q. Liu, H. Lu, X.H. Ma, C. Marmolino, G. Mancarella, S.M. Mari, D. Martello, G. Marsella, D.M. Mei, X.R. Meng, A. Morselli, L. Milano, J. Mu, M. Oliviero, P. Padovani, M. Panareo, M. Parisi, Z.R. Peng, P. Pistilli, R. Santonico, G. Sartori, C. Sbarra, G. Severino, R. Sparvoli, C. Stanescu, M. Storini, P.R. Shen, L.R. Sun, S.C. Sun, J. Su, A. Surdo, Y.H. Tan, S. Vernetto, M. Vietri, C.R. Wang, F. Wang, H.Y. Wang, Y.N. Wei, H.T. Yang, W.K. Yao, G.C. Yu, A.F. Yuan, X.D. Yue, H.M. Zhang, J.L. Zhang, N.J. Zhang, T.J. Zhang, X.Y. Zhang, null Zhaxiciren, null Zhaxisangzhu, Q.Q. Zhu, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bastieri, D, Bernardini, P, Bussino, S, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Danzengluobu, Piazzoli, Bd, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, Huang, Q, He, Hh, He, M, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Marmolino, C, Mancarella, G, Mari, Sm, Martello, Daniele, Marsella, Giovanni, Mei, Dm, Meng, Xr, Morselli, A, Milano, L, Mu, J, Oliviero, M, Padovani, P, Panareo, Marco, Parisi, M, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Sartori, G, Sbarra, C, Severino, G, Sparvoli, R, Stanescu, C, Storini, M, Shen, Pr, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Su, J, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Vietri, M, Wang, Cr, Wang, F, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yuan, Af, Yue, Xd, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxiciren, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhu, Qq, C., Bacci1, K. Z., Bao2, F., Barone3, B., Bartoli3, D., Bastieri4, P., Bernardini5, R., Buonomo3, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, E., Calloni3, B. Y., Cao6, R., Cardarelli7, S., Catalanotti3, A., Cavaliere7, F., Cesaroni5, P., Creti5, Danzengluobu8, B., D'Ettorre Piazzoli3, M., De Vincenzi1, T., Di Girolamo3, G., Di Sciascio3, Z. Y., Feng9, Y., Fu6, X. Y., Gao10, Q. X., Geng10, H. W., Guo8, H. H., He11, M., He6, Q., Huang9, M., Iacovacci3, N., Iucci1, H. Y., Jai9, F. M., Kong6, H. H., Kuang11, Labaciren8, B., Li2, J. Y., Li6, Z. Q., Liu10, H., Lu11, X. H., Ma11, G., Mancarella5, Mari, Stefano Maria, G., Marsella5, D., Martello5, D. M., Mei8, X. R., Meng8, L., Milano3, A., Morselli7, J., Mu10, M., Oliviero13, P., Padovani7, M., Panareo5, M., Parisi1, G., Pellizzoni1, Z. R., Peng11, P., Pistilli1, R., Santonico7, G., Sartori4, C., Sbarra4, G., Severino13, P. R., Shen11, R., Sparvoli7, C., Stanescu1, J., Su11, L. R., Sun2, S. C., Sun2, A., Surdo5, Y. H., Tan11, S., Vernetto14, M., Vietri1, C. R., Wang6, H., Wang11, H. Y., Wang11, Y. N., Wei2, H. T., Yang12, Q. K., Yao2, G. C., Yu9, X. D., Yue2, A. F., Yuan8, H. M., Zhang11, J. L., Zhang11, N. J., Zhang6, T. J., Zhang10, X. Y., Zhang6, Zhaxisangzhu8, Zhaxiciren8, Q. Q., Zhu11, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, Bartoli, Bruno, D., Bastieri, P., Bernardini, S., Bussino, Calloni, Enrico, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, Catalanotti, Sergio, A., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, Q., Huang, H. H., He, M., He, Iacovacci, Michele, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, C., Marmolino, G., Mancarella, S. M., Mari, D., Martello, G., Marsella, D. M., Mei, X. R., Meng, A., Morselli, L., Milano, J., Mu, M., Oliviero, P., Padovani, M., Panareo, M., Parisi, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, R., Santonico, G., Sartori, C., Sbarra, G., Severino, R., Sparvoli, C., Stanescu, M., Storini, P. R., Shen, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, J., Su, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, M., Vietri, C. R., Wang, F., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, A. F., Yuan, X. D., Yue, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Q. Q., Zhu, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, E., Calloni, S., Catalanotti, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, G., DI SCIASCIO, M., Iacovacci, and Mancarella, Giovanni
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Computer science, Detector, Real-time computing, Full coverage, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Argo
Abstract: We present the ARGO-YBJ experiment, a full coverage detector placed at high altitude (similar to 4300 m a.s.l.) that exploits the RPC technique. Results of a test experiment performed at Yanbajing site, with a full coverage RPC carpet of 50 m(2) are also presented.

14. Results from the ARGO-YBJ test experiment

Author: B.Y. Cao, X.D. Yue, S. Catalanotti, M. Panareo, J. Mu, Y Fu, M. Iacovacci, A. F. Yuan, R. Santonico, P. Creti, B. D'Ettorre Piazzoli, Q. Q. Zhu, G. Di Sciascio, J. Y. Li, H.Y. Jai, H. H. He, H.T. Yang, Labaciren, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, J. Su, M. De Vincenzi, F.M. Kong, M. He, B. Bartoli, Dongming Mei, Zhaxiciren, C. Bacci, T. Di Girolamo, G.C. Yu, Cristian Stanescu, A. Cavaliere, T.J. Zhang, Z.Y. Feng, Y.N. Wei, Hong-peng Lu, Q.K. Yao, F. Wang, S. Vernetto, Q. X. Geng, X. Y. Gao, Danzengluobu, Bing Li, Giovanni Mancarella, P. Pistilli, H. M. Zhang, H.H. Kuang, S. M. Mari, K.Z. Bao, Sergio Cavaliere, X. Y. Zhang, Fabrizio Barone, A. Morselli, N.J. Zhang, G. Marsella, P. R. Shen, H.Y. Wang, A. Surdo, H.W. Guo, S.C. Sun, Q. Huang, C.R. Wang, Roberto Cardarelli, Enrico Calloni, X. R. Meng, X. H. Ma, N. Iucci, Y. H. Tan, J.L. Zhang, D. Martello, Z.Q. Liu, F Cesaroni, P. Bernardini, Zhaxisangzhu, L. Milano, Z.R. Peng, L.R. Sun, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, Bernardini, Paolo, S., Bussino, E., Calloni, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, S., Catalanotti, A., Cavaliere, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, P., Creti, Danzengluobu, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, M., DE VINCENZI, T., DI GIROLAMO, G., DI SCIASCIO, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, H. H., He, M., He, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, Labaciren, B., Li, J. Y., Li, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, X. H., Ma, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, D. M., Mei, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, A., Morselli, J., Mu, Panareo, Marco, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, R., Santonico, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, J., Su, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, H. T., Yang, Q. K., Yao, G. C., Yu, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Q. Q., Zhu, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bussino, S, Calloni, E, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Creti, P, Piazzoli, Bd, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, He, M, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Sm, Mei, Dm, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Morselli, A, Mu, J, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Santonico, R, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Su, J, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, F, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yang, Ht, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhu, Qq, Bartoli, Bruno, P., Bernardini, Calloni, Enrico, Catalanotti, Sergio, D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, M. D., Vincenzi, DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, G. D., Sciascio, Iacovacci, Michele, G., Mancarella, G., Marsella, D., Martello, M., Panareo, and F., Wang
Subjects: gamma-ray detectors, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Shower, Air shower, Altitude, Meteorology, business.industry, business, Gamma rays: burst, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Argo
Abstract: An RPC carpet covering similar to 10(4) m(2) (ARGO-YBJ experiment) will be installed in the YangBaJing Laboratory (Tibet, P.R. China) at an altitude of 4300 m a.s.l.. A test-module of similar to 50 m(2) has been put in operation in this laboratory and about 10(6) air shower events have been collected. The carpet capability of reconstructing the shower features is presented.

15. The ARGO-YBJ experiment in Tibet

Author: Aloisio, A., Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, B., Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, E., Camarri, P., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Casolino, M., Catalanotti, S., Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Cha, M., Creti, P., Cusumano, G., D Ali Staiti, G., Danzengluobu, D Elia, V., Mitri, I., D Ettorre-Piazzoli, B., Vincenzi, M., Di Girolamo, T., Di Sciascio, G., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., He, H. H., Huang, Q., Iacovacci, M., Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Labaciren, Li, B., Li, J. Y., Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., Ma, X. H., Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mineo, T., Mu, J., Nicastro, L., Orlando, D., Panareo, M., Paolo Camarri, Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Raso, G., Sacco, B., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Scarsi, L., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yao, Q. K., Yu, G. C., Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Q. Q., Aloisio, A, Bacci, C, Bao, Kz, Barone, F, Bartoli, B, Bernardini, P, Bleve, C, Branchini, P, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Calloni, E, Camarri, P, Cao, By, Cardarelli, R, Casolino, M, Catalanotti, S, Cavaliere, A, Cavaliere, S, Cesaroni, F, Cha, M, Creti, P, Cusimano, G, Staiti, Gd, Danzengluobu, D'Elia, V, De Mitri, I, D'Ettorre, B, Piazzoli, Bd, De Vincenzi, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Sciascio, G, Feng, Zy, Fu, Y, Gao, Xy, Geng, Qx, Guo, Hw, He, Hh, Huang, Q, Iacovacci, M, Iucci, N, Jai, Hy, Kong, Fm, Kuang, Hh, Labaciren, Li, B, Li, Jy, Liberti, B, Liguori, G, Liu, Zq, Lu, H, Ma, Xh, Mancarella, G, Mari, Stefano Maria, Marsella, G, Martello, D, Meng, Xr, Milano, L, Mineo, T, Mu, J, Nicastro, L, Orlando, D, Panareo, M, Paoloni, A, Peng, Zr, Pistilli, P, Raso, G, Sacco, B, Saggese, L, Santonico, R, Scarsi, L, Shen, Pr, Stanescu, C, Storini, M, Sun, Lr, Sun, Sc, Surdo, A, Tan, Yh, Vallania, P, Vernetto, S, Wang, Cr, Wang, H, Wang, Hy, Wei, Yn, Yao, Qk, Yu, Gc, Yue, Xd, Yuan, Af, Zhang, Hm, Zhang, Jl, Zhang, Nj, Zhang, Tj, Zhang, Xy, Zhaxisangzhu, Zhaxiciren, Zhu, Qq, DE VINCENZI, Mario, Bussino, S, DE MITRI, Ivan, DE VINCENZI, M, DI GIROLAMO, T, DI SCIASCIO, G, Mari, Sm, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Panareo, Marco, Aloisio, A., Bacci, C., Bao, K. Z., Barone, F., Bartoli, Bruno, Bernardini, P., Bleve, C., Branchini, P., Bussino, S., Calloni, Enrico, Camarri, P., Cao, B. Y., Cardarelli, R., Casolino, M., Catalanotti, Sergio, Cavaliere, A., Cavaliere, S., Cesaroni, F., Cha, M., Creti, P., Cusimano, G., Staiti, G. D., D'Elia, V., Mitri, I. D., D'Ettorre, B., D'ETTORRE PIAZZOLI, Benedetto, Vincenzi, M. D., DI GIROLAMO, Tristano, Sciascio, G. D., Feng, Z. Y., Fu, Y., Gao, X. Y., Geng, Q. X., Guo, H. W., H. H., He, Huang, Q., Iacovacci, Michele, Iucci, N., Jai, H. Y., Kong, F. M., Kuang, H. H., Li, B., J. Y., Li, Liberti, B., Liguori, G., Liu, Z. Q., Lu, H., X. H., Ma, Mancarella, G., Mari, S. M., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Meng, X. R., Milano, L., Mineo, T., Mu, J., Nicastro, L., Orlando, D., Panareo, M., Paoloni, A., Peng, Z. R., Pistilli, P., Raso, G., Sacco, B., Saggese, L., Santonico, R., Scarsi, L., Shen, P. R., Stanescu, C., Storini, M., Sun, L. R., Sun, S. C., Surdo, A., Tan, Y. H., Vallania, P., Vernetto, S., Wang, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wei, Y. N., Yao, Q. K., G. C., Yu, Yue, X. D., Yuan, A. F., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhu, Q. Q., A., Aloisio, C., Bacci, K. Z., Bao, F., Barone, B., Bartoli, P., Bernardini, C., Bleve, P., Branchini, S., Bussino, E., Calloni, P., Camarri, B. Y., Cao, R., Cardarelli, M., Casolino, S., Catalanotti, A., Cavaliere, S., Cavaliere, F., Cesaroni, M., Cha, P., Creti, G., Cusimano, G. D., Staiti, V., D'Elia, B., D'Ettorre, B. D., Piazzoli, M. D., Vincenzi, T. D., Girolamo, G. D., Sciascio, Z. Y., Feng, Y., Fu, X. Y., Gao, Q. X., Geng, H. W., Guo, Q., Huang, M., Iacovacci, N., Iucci, H. Y., Jai, F. M., Kong, H. H., Kuang, B., Li, B., Liberti, G., Liguori, Z. Q., Liu, H., Lu, Mancarella, Giovanni, S. M., Mari, X. R., Meng, L., Milano, T., Mineo, J., Mu, L., Nicastro, D., Orlando, A., Paoloni, Z. R., Peng, P., Pistilli, G., Raso, B., Sacco, L., Saggese, R., Santonico, L., Scarsi, P. R., Shen, C., Stanescu, M., Storini, L. R., Sun, S. C., Sun, A., Surdo, Y. H., Tan, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C. R., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, Y. N., Wei, Q. K., Yao, X. D., Yue, A. F., Yuan, H. M., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, N. J., Zhang, T. J., Zhang, X. Y., Zhang, and Q. Q., Zhu
Subjects: Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The ARCO-YBJ experiment, (Astrophysical Radiation Ground-based Observatory at YaugBaJing) is under construction in Tibet, 90 kill to the north of Lhasa. The full coverage approach and the high altitude location allow the study of many physics items in the field of low energy cosmic rays, namely gamma-ray astronomy, diffuse gamma-rays, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), proton/antiproton ratio, primary proton spectrum and heliosphere physics, In this paper the expected sensitivities of ARGO-YBJ for gamma astronomy and GRB physics are presented and compared with the present experimental techniques and results. The performance of a test-module of similar to 50 m(2) operated on-site is, also discussed.

16. 2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.

Author: Bushnell C, Kernan WN, Sharrief AZ, Chaturvedi S, Cole JW, Cornwell WK 3rd, Cosby-Gaither C, Doyle S, Goldstein LB, Lennon O, Levine DA, Love M, Miller E, Nguyen-Huynh M, Rasmussen-Winkler J, Rexrode KM, Rosendale N, Sarma S, Shimbo D, Simpkins AN, Spatz ES, Sun LR, Tangpricha V, Turnage D, Velazquez G, and Whelton P
Abstract: Aim: The "2024 Guideline for the Primary Prevention of Stroke" replaces the 2014 "Guidelines for the Primary Prevention of Stroke." This updated guideline is intended to be a resource for clinicians to use to guide various prevention strategies for individuals with no history of stroke., Methods: A comprehensive search for literature published since the 2014 guideline; derived from research involving human participants published in English; and indexed in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and other selected and relevant databases was conducted between May and November 2023. Other documents on related subject matter previously published by the American Heart Association were also reviewed., Structure: Ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes lead to significant disability but, most important, are preventable. The 2024 primary prevention of stroke guideline provides recommendations based on current evidence for strategies to prevent stroke throughout the life span. These recommendations align with the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 for optimizing cardiovascular and brain health, in addition to preventing incident stroke. We also have added sex-specific recommendations for screening and prevention of stroke, which are new compared with the 2014 guideline. Many recommendations for similar risk factor prevention were updated, new topics were reviewed, and recommendations were created when supported by sufficient-quality published data.
Published: 2024
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17. Endovascular thrombectomy for childhood stroke (Save ChildS Pro): an international, multicentre, prospective registry study.

Author: Sporns PB, Bhatia K, Abruzzo T, Pabst L, Fraser S, Chung MG, Lo W, Othman A, Steinmetz S, Jensen-Kondering U, Schob S, Kaiser DPO, Marik W, Wendl C, Kleffner I, Henkes H, Kraehling H, Nguyen-Kim TDL, Chapot R, Yilmaz U, Wang F, Hafeez MU, Requejo F, Limbucci N, Kauffmann B, Möhlenbruch M, Nikoubashman O, Schellinger PD, Musolino P, Alawieh A, Wilson J, Grieb D, Gersing AS, Liebig T, Olivieri M, Schwabova JP, Tomek A, Papanagiotou P, Boulouis G, Naggara O, Fox CK, Orlov K, Kuznetsova A, Parra-Farinas C, Muthusami P, Regenhardt RW, Dmytriw AA, Burkard T, Martinez M, Brechbühl D, Steinlin M, Sun LR, Hassan AE, Kemmling A, Lee S, Fullerton HJ, Fiehler J, Psychogios MN, and Wildgruber M
Abstract: Background: Emerging evidence suggests that endovascular thrombectomy is beneficial for treatment of childhood stroke, but the safety and effectiveness of endovascular thrombectomy has not been compared with best medical treatment. We aimed to prospectively analyse functional outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy versus best medical treatment in children with intracranial arterial occlusion stroke., Methods: In this prospective registry study, 45 centres in 12 countries across Asia and Australia, Europe, North America, and South America reported functional outcomes for children aged between 28 days and 18 years presenting with arterial ischaemic stroke caused by a large-vessel or medium-vessel occlusion who received either endovascular thrombectomy plus best medical practice or best medical treatment alone. Intravenous thrombolysis was considered part of best medical treatment and therefore permitted in both groups. The primary outcome was the difference in median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score between baseline (pre-stroke) and 90 days (±10 days) post-stroke, assessed by the Wilcoxon rank test (α=0·05). Efficacy outcomes in the endovascular thrombectomy and best medical treatment groups were compared in sensitivity analyses using propensity score matching. The Save ChildS Pro study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Registry, DRKS00018960., Findings: Between Jan 1, 2020, and Aug 31, 2023, of the 241 patients in the Save ChildS Pro registry, 208 were included in the analysis (115 [55%] boys and 93 [45%] girls). 117 patients underwent endovascular thrombectomy (median age 11 years [IQR 6-14]), and 91 patients received best medical treatment (6 years [3-12]; p<0·0001). The median Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS) score on admission was 14 (IQR 10-19) in the endovascular thrombectomy group and 9 (5-13) in the best medical treatment group (p<0·0001). Both treatment groups had a median pre-stroke mRS score of 0 (IQR 0-0) at baseline. The change in median mRS score between baseline and 90 days was 1 (IQR 0-2) in the endovascular thrombectomy group and 2 (1-3) in the best medical treatment group (p=0·020). One (1%) patient developed a symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (this patient was in the endovascular thrombectomy group). Six (5%) patients in the endovascular thrombectomy group and four (5%) patients in the best medical treatment group had died by day 90 (p=0·89). After propensity score matching for age, sex, and PedNIHSS score at hospital admission (n=79 from each group), the change in median mRS score between baseline and 90 days was 1 (IQR 0-2) in the endovascular thrombectomy group and 2 (1-3) in the best medical treatment group (p=0·029). Regarding the primary outcome for patients with suspected focal cerebral arteriopathy, endovascular thrombectomy (n=18) and best medical treatment (n=33) showed no difference in 90-day median mRS scores (2 [IQR 1-3] vs 2 [1-4]; p=0·074)., Interpretation: Clinical centres tended to select children with more severe strokes (higher PedNIHSS score) for endovascular thrombectomy. Nevertheless, endovascular thrombectomy was associated with improved functional outcomes in paediatric patients with large-vessel or medium-vessel occlusions compared with best medical treatment. Future studies need to investigate whether the positive effect of endovascular thrombectomy is confined to older and more severely affected children., Funding: None., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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18. [A multicenter study on effect of delayed chemotherapy on prognosis of Burkitt lymphoma in children].

Author: Song L, Jin L, Zhang YH, Yang XM, Duan YL, Zheng MC, Zhai XW, Liu Y, Liu W, Liu AS, Yuan XJ, Dai YP, Zhang LP, Wang J, Sun LR, Liu R, Zhang BX, Jiang L, Wei HX, Chen KL, Jin RM, Wang XG, Zhou HX, Wang HM, Zhuang SS, Zhou CJ, Gao ZF, Mu X, Zhang KH, and Li F
Subjects: Humans, Retrospective Studies, Child, Female, Male, Prognosis, Child, Preschool, Adolescent, Time-to-Treatment, China, Tumor Lysis Syndrome etiology, Survival Rate, Infant, Burkitt Lymphoma drug therapy, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the factors affecting delayed chemotherapy in children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and their influence on prognosis. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of 591 children aged ≤18 years with BL from May 2017 to December 2022 in China Net Childhood Lymphoma (CNCL) was collected. The patients were treated according to the protocol CNCL-BL-2017. According to the clinical characteristics, therapeutic regimen was divided into group A, group B and group C .Based on whether the total chemotherapy time was delayed, patients were divided into two groups: the delayed chemotherapy group and the non-delayed chemotherapy group. Based on the total delayed time of chemotherapy, patients in group C were divided into non-delayed chemotherapy group, 1-7 days delayed group and more than 7 days delayed group. Relationships between delayed chemotherapy and gender, age, tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy, bone marrow involvement, disease group (B/C group), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 4 times than normal, grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy, minimal residual disease in the interim assessment, and severe infection (including severe pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, chickenpox, etc.) were analyzed. Logistic analysis was used to identify the relevant factors. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the patients' survival information. Log-Rank was used for comparison between groups. Results: Among 591 patients, 504 were males and 87 were females, the follow-up time was 34.8 (18.6,50.1) months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was (92.5±1.1)%,and the 3-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was (90.5±1.2)%. Seventy-three (12.4%) patients were in delayed chemotherapy group and 518 (87.6%) patients were in non-delayed chemotherapy group. The reasons for chemotherapy delay included 72 cases (98.6%) of severe infection, 65 cases (89.0%) of bone marrow suppression, 35 cases (47.9%) of organ dysfunction, 22 cases (30.1%) of tumor lysis syndrome,etc. There were 7 cases of chemotherapy delay in group B, which were seen in COPADM (vincristine+cyclophosphamide+prednisone+daunorubicin+methotrexate+intrathecal injection,4 cases) and CYM (methotrexate+cytarabine+intrathecal injection,3 cases) stages. There were 66 cases of chemotherapy delay in group C, which were common in COPADM (28 cases) and CYVE 1 (low dose cytarabine+high dose cytarabine+etoposide+methotrexate, 12 cases) stages. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that the age over 10 years old ( OR =0.54,95% CI 0.30-0.93), tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy ( OR =0.48,95% CI 0.27-0.84) and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy ( OR =0.55,95% CI 0.33-0.91)were independent risk factors for chemotherapy delay.The 3-year OS rate and the 3-year EFS rate of children with Burkitt lymphoma in the delayed chemotherapy group were lower than those in the non-delayed chemotherapy group ((79.4±4.9)% vs. (94.2±1.1)%, (80.2±4.8)% vs. (92.0±1.2)%,both P <0.05). The 3-year OS rate of the group C with chemotherapy delay >7 days (42 cases) was lower than that of the group with chemotherapy delay of 1-7 days (22 cases) and the non-delay group (399 cases) ((76.7±6.9)% vs. (81.8±8.2)% vs. (92.7±1.3)%, P =0.002).The 3-year OS rate of the chemotherapy delay group (9 cases) in the COP (vincristine+cyclophosphamide+prednisone) phase was lower than that of the non-chemotherapy delay group (454 cases) ((66.7±15.7)% vs. (91.3±1.4)%, P =0.005). Similarly, the 3-year OS rate of the chemotherapy delay group (11 cases) in the COPADM1 phase was lower than that of the non-chemotherapy delay group (452 cases) ((63.6±14.5)% vs. (91.5±1.3)%, P =0.001). Conclusions: The delayed chemotherapy was related to the age over 10 years old, tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy in pediatric BL. There is a significant relationship between delayed chemotherapy and prognosis of BL in children.
Published: 2024
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19. Single-Center Incidence and Patterns of Stroke in Early Renal Anhydramnios After Serial Amnioinfusions.

Author: Lammert DB, Miller JL, Atkinson MA, and Sun LR
Subjects: Humans, Female, Incidence, Pregnancy, Infant, Newborn, Male, Fetal Therapies methods, Oligohydramnios epidemiology, Lung Diseases epidemiology, Lung Diseases etiology, Lung diagnostic imaging, Lung abnormalities, Abnormalities, Multiple, Stroke epidemiology
Abstract: The Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy (RAFT) trial is a study of serial amnioinfusions to prevent lethal neonatal pulmonary hypoplasia from early renal anhydramnios. Infant neurologic outcomes were not originally evaluated. We describe the high incidence of stroke observed among infants in the treatment arm of the trial at our center., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Funding for the Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy (RAFT) Trial is provided by RO1 HD100540 from the National Institutes of Child Health and Development (NICHD; authors JLM and MAA co-PI). The NICHD had no role in the design and conduct of the study. Publication of this data was approved by the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB). Renal Anhydramnios Fetal Therapy (RAFT) is listed on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03101891. Deidentified individual participant data will not be made available., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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20. [Interim efficacy of a multicenter cohort study for China Net Childhood Lymphoma mature B-cell lymphoma 2017 regimen in the treatment of pediatric High-grade-B cell lymphoma].

Author: Zhao Y, Huang S, Jia YP, Zhang LP, Duan YL, Jin L, Zhai XW, Wang HS, Hu B, Liu Y, Liu AS, Liu W, Zheng MC, Li F, Sun LR, Yuan XJ, Dai YP, Zhang BX, Jiang L, Wang XG, Wang HM, Zhou CJ, Gao ZF, and Zhang YH
Subjects: Humans, Retrospective Studies, Child, China, Adolescent, Female, Male, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6 genetics, Cohort Studies, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 genetics, Child, Preschool, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Treatment Outcome, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc genetics, Lymphoma, B-Cell drug therapy, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the mid-term efficacy of the China Net Childhood Lymphoma mature B-cell lymphoma 2017 (CNCL-B-NHL-2017) regimen in treating children with high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL). Methods: Clinical and pathological data of HGBL children aged≤18 years admitted to 16 hospitals of the Chinese Children's Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CNCL) from May 2017 to April 2021 were collected retrospectively. They were divided in to high-grade B-cell lymphoma with double hit/triple hit (HGBL-DH/TH) group and high-grade B-cell lymphoma non-specified (HGBL-NOS) group, according to the 2016 version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues Cancer Classification. Both groups of patients were treated with stratified chemotherapy by risk according to the CNCL-B-NHL-2017 scheme. The deadline for follow-up was December 31, 2023. All the patients were examined by chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the rearrangement of genes MYC, BCL-2 and BCL-6 was confirmed. The clinical and pathological characteristics of patients at disease onset were analyzed, and the therapeutic effects of patients in different clinical stages and risk groups were compared. Survival analysis was drawn by Kaplan Meier method, the log-rank test was used to compare the differences in the cumulative survival rate between different groups, and multivariate Cox regression model was used to identify the prognostic factors. Results: A total of 62 patients were included, with an onset age [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] of 7 (4, 11) years, including 48 males and 14 females. There were 11 (17.7%) patients in stageⅡ, 33(53.2%)patients in stage Ⅲ and 18(29.1%)patients in stage Ⅳ. FISH testing showed that 4 cases (6.5%) were HGBL-DH and 3 (4.8%) were HGBL-TH. The remaining 55 cases (88.7%) were HGBL-NOS, with 18 cases accompanied by MYC rearrangement. There were 7 cases in the HGBL-DH/TH group and 55 cases in the HGBL-NOS group. Thirteen cases (20.9%) were treated with the B1 regimen, 3 cases (4.8%) with B2 regimen, 37 cases (59.6%) with C1 regimen, and 9 cases (14.7%) with the C2 regimen. Forty-eight cases (77.4%) received rituximab therapy at the same time. Five cases (8.0%) progressed during treatment. The follow-up time [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] was 43.5 (36.1, 53.7) months. The complete remission rate was 91.9% (57/62). The 3 year overall survival rate was 93.5% and event-free survival (EFS) rate was 91.9%. The 3-year overall survival rate in the HGBL-NOS group was higher than that in the HGBL-DH/TH group (96.3% vs 71.4%, P =0.011). The 3-year EFS rate of the HGBL-NOS group was higher than that of the HGBL-DH/TH group (94.5% vs 71.4%, P =0.037). In the HGBL-NOS subgroup, the overall survival rate of children with MYC rearrangement was lower (100% vs 88.9%, P =0.039). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that central invasion ( HR =6.05, 95% CI : 1.96-38.13, P =0.046) was a risk factor for overall survival. Conclusion: CNCL-B-NHL-2017 regimen shows significant effects in the treatment of pediatric HGBL, with a good prognosis.
Published: 2024
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21. Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensilin, Platensimycin, Platencin, and Their Analogs via a Bioinspired Skeletal Reconstruction Approach.

Author: Gao ZX, Wang H, Su AH, Li QY, Liang Z, Zhang YQ, Liu XY, Zhu MZ, Zhang HX, Hou YT, Li X, Sun LR, Li J, Xu ZJ, and Lou HX
Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Molecular Structure, Cycloaddition Reaction, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Stereoisomerism, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Enzyme Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Enzyme Inhibitors chemistry, Aminophenols chemistry, Aminophenols pharmacology, Aminophenols chemical synthesis, Polycyclic Compounds chemistry, Polycyclic Compounds pharmacology, Polycyclic Compounds chemical synthesis, Adamantane chemistry, Adamantane pharmacology, Adamantane chemical synthesis, Adamantane analogs & derivatives, Anilides pharmacology, Anilides chemistry, Anilides chemical synthesis, Aminobenzoates pharmacology, Aminobenzoates chemistry, Aminobenzoates chemical synthesis
Abstract: Platensilin, platensimycin, and platencin are potent inhibitors of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (FabF) in the bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthesis system, presenting promising drug leads for both antibacterial and antidiabetic therapies. Herein, a bioinspired skeleton reconstruction approach is reported, which enables the unified synthesis of these three natural FabF inhibitors and their skeletally diverse analogs, all stemming from a common ent -pimarane core. The synthesis features a diastereoselective biocatalytic reduction and an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction to prepare the common ent -pimarane core. From this intermediate, stereoselective Mn-catalyzed hydrogen atom-transfer hydrogenation and subsequent Cu-catalyzed carbenoid C-H insertion afford platensilin. Furthermore, the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction succeeded by regioselective ring opening of the newly formed cyclopropane enables the construction of the bicyclo[3.2.1]-octane and bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane ring systems of platensimycin and platencin, respectively. This skeletal reconstruction approach of the ent -pimarane core facilitates the preparation of analogs bearing different polycyclic scaffolds. Among these analogs, the previously unexplored cyclopropyl analog 47 exhibits improved antibacterial activity (MIC 80 = 0.0625 μg/mL) against S. aureus compared to platensimycin.
Published: 2024
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22. An Initial Psychometric Evaluation of a Novel Upper Extremity Pediatric Stroke Hemiplegic Motor Impairment Scale.

Author: Malone LA, Andrejow N, Naber EC, Sun LR, Felling RJ, Kalb LG, and Suskauer SJ
Subjects: Humans, Child, Adolescent, Male, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Preschool, Reproducibility of Results, Infant, Severity of Illness Index, Disability Evaluation, Psychometrics standards, Psychometrics instrumentation, Stroke complications, Stroke physiopathology, Upper Extremity physiopathology, Hemiplegia physiopathology, Hemiplegia diagnosis, Hemiplegia etiology
Abstract: Background: Our team designed an innovative, observation-based motor impairment measure-the Pediatric Stroke Hemiplegic Motor Impairment Scale (Pedi HEMIs). Here we present the results of a survey describing common practices in the pediatric stroke community and the initial psychometric properties of the upper extremity subscale of the Pedi HEMIs (Pedi HEMIs-UE)., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study whereby participants completed a battery of assessments including the novel Pedi HEMIs-UE. Internal consistency was measured via Cronbach alpha (α). Intraclass correlation (ICC) was used to assess inter-rater reliability (IRR). Concurrent validity was investigated using Pearson or polychoric correlations and simple linear regressions., Results: The study sample consisted of 18 children aged 1.08 to 15 years. Two participants completed two sets of evaluations, totaling 20 data sets. Cronbach α, a measure of internal consistency, was on average 0.91 (range: 0.89 to 0.92). IRR was excellent with the six raters in almost perfect agreement (ICC = 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83 to 0.96). Pearson correlation coefficient between the Pedi HEMIs-UE and logit Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA)/mini-AHA was -0.938 (95% CI: -0.979 to -0.827, P < 0.001), indicating excellent concurrent validity., Conclusions: We found excellent feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Pedi HEMIs-UE in a convenience sample of youth with hemiparesis after stroke., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Dr. Suskauer serves on the Scientific Advisory Board role for Myomo. Dr. Sun receives funding from the American Heart Association (Career Development Award [850044]) and the D.C. Women's Board., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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23. A multicenter prospective study on the management of hepatoblastoma in children: a report from the Chinese Children's Cancer Group.

Author: Tang MJ, Ma XL, He XL, Pan WH, Zhang XH, Jiang SY, Gao J, Li F, Yao W, Gu S, Zhang WL, Zhao Q, Huang SH, Fang YJ, Liu W, Niu HZ, Wang CM, Sun LR, Gao H, Dai YP, Huang SG, Zhong ZY, Wang XG, Li ZR, Yang LC, Wu YM, Wang HM, Sun X, and Yuan XJ
Subjects: Humans, Prospective Studies, Male, Female, China epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Infant, Child, Survival Rate, Risk Factors, Prognosis, East Asian People, Hepatoblastoma therapy, Hepatoblastoma mortality, Liver Neoplasms mortality, Liver Neoplasms therapy
Abstract: Background: This study aimed to identify survival risk factors in Chinese children with hepatoblastoma (HB) and assess the effectiveness of the new treatment protocol proposed by the Chinese Children's Cancer Group (CCCG) in 2016., Methods: A multicenter, prospective study that included 399 patients with HB from January 2015 to June 2020 was conducted. Patient demographics, treatment protocols, and other related information were collected. Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier curve methods were used., Results: The 4-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 76.9 and 93.5%, respectively. The 4-year EFS rates for the very-low-risk, low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups were 100%, 91.6%, 81.7%, and 51.0%, respectively. The 4-year OS was 100%, 97.3%, 94.4%, and 86.8%, respectively. Cox regression analysis found that age, tumor rupture (R +), and extrahepatic tumor extension (E +) were independent prognostic factors. A total of 299 patients had complete remission, and 19 relapsed. Patients with declining alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) > 75% after the first two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a better EFS and OS than those ≤ 75%., Conclusions: The survival outcome of HB children has dramatically improved since the implementation of CCCG-HB-2016 therapy. Age ≥ 8 years, R + , and E + were independent risk factors for prognosis. Patients with a declining AFP > 75% after the first two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy had better EFS and OS., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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24. Hemoglobin Drop is Associated with Early Post-operative Stroke Following Revascularization Surgery for Moyamoya Disease.

Author: Ran KR, Nair SK, Srinivas T, Xie ME, Kilgore CB, Ye X, Yedavalli VS, Sun LR, Jackson CM, Caplan JM, Gonzalez LF, Tamargo RJ, Huang J, and Xu R
Abstract: Background: Postoperative stroke is a potentially devastating neurological complication following surgical revascularization for Moyamoya disease. We sought to evaluate whether peri-operative hemoglobin levels were associated with the risk of early post-operative stroke following revascularization surgery in adult Moyamoya patients., Methods: Adult patients having revascularization surgeries for Moyamoya disease between 1999-2022 were identified through single institutional retrospective review. Logistic regression analysis was used to test for the association between hemoglobin drop and early postoperative stroke., Results: In all, 106 revascularization surgeries were included in the study. A stroke occurred within 7 days after surgery in 9.4% of cases. There were no significant associations between the occurrence of an early postoperative stroke and patient age, gender, or race. Mean postoperative hemoglobin drop was greater in patients who suffered an early postoperative stroke compared with patients who did not (2.3±1.1 g/dL vs. 1.3±1.1 g/dL, respectively; P=0.034). Patients who experienced a hemoglobin drop post-operatively had 2.03 times greater odds (95% confidence interval, 1.06-4.23; P=0.040) of having a stroke than those whose hemoglobin levels were stable. Early postoperative stroke was also associated with an increase in length of hospital stay (P<0.001), discharge to a rehabilitation facility (P=0.014), and worse modified Rankin scale at 1 month (P=0.001)., Conclusion: This study found a significant association between hemoglobin drop and early postoperative stroke following revascularization surgery in adult patients with Moyamoya disease. Based on our findings, it may be prudent to avoid hemoglobin drops in Moyamoya patients undergoing surgical revascularization., Competing Interests: J.H. owns stock in Longevit. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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25. [PICALM-MLLT10 fusion gene positive with multiple gene mutations in a child with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia: a case report].

Author: Sun Y, Jiang J, Sun LR, Yan FY, and Wang LZ
Subjects: Humans, Male, Transcription Factors genetics, Child, Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma genetics, Mutation, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion genetics
Published: 2024
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26. Pediatric Moyamoya Revascularization Perioperative Care: A Modified Delphi Study.

Author: Sun LR, Jordan LC, Smith ER, Aldana PR, Kirschen MP, Guilliams K, Gupta N, Steinberg GK, Fox C, Harrar DB, Lee S, Chung MG, Dirks P, Dlamini N, Maher CO, Lehman LL, Hong SJ, Strahle JM, Pineda JA, Beslow LA, Rasmussen L, Mailo J, Piatt J, Lang SS, Adelson PD, Dewan MC, Mineyko A, McClugage S, Vadivelu S, Dowling MM, and Hersh DS
Subjects: Child, Humans, Delphi Technique, Perioperative Care, Postoperative Care, Treatment Outcome, Retrospective Studies, Moyamoya Disease surgery, Stroke etiology, Cerebral Revascularization adverse effects
Abstract: Background: Surgical revascularization decreases the long-term risk of stroke in children with moyamoya arteriopathy but can be associated with an increased risk of stroke during the perioperative period. Evidence-based approaches to optimize perioperative management are limited and practice varies widely. Using a modified Delphi process, we sought to establish expert consensus on key components of the perioperative care of children with moyamoya undergoing indirect revascularization surgery and identify areas of equipoise to define future research priorities., Methods: Thirty neurologists, neurosurgeons, and intensivists practicing in North America with expertise in the management of pediatric moyamoya were invited to participate in a three-round, modified Delphi process consisting of a 138-item practice patterns survey, anonymous electronic evaluation of 88 consensus statements on a 5-point Likert scale, and a virtual group meeting during which statements were discussed, revised, and reassessed. Consensus was defined as ≥ 80% agreement or disagreement., Results: Thirty-nine statements regarding perioperative pediatric moyamoya care for indirect revascularization surgery reached consensus. Salient areas of consensus included the following: (1) children at a high risk for stroke and those with sickle cell disease should be preadmitted prior to indirect revascularization; (2) intravenous isotonic fluids should be administered in all patients for at least 4 h before and 24 h after surgery; (3) aspirin should not be discontinued in the immediate preoperative and postoperative periods; (4) arterial lines for blood pressure monitoring should be continued for at least 24 h after surgery and until active interventions to achieve blood pressure goals are not needed; (5) postoperative care should include hourly vital signs for at least 24 h, hourly neurologic assessments for at least 12 h, adequate pain control, maintaining normoxia and normothermia, and avoiding hypotension; and (6) intravenous fluid bolus administration should be considered the first-line intervention for new focal neurologic deficits following indirect revascularization surgery., Conclusions: In the absence of data supporting specific care practices before and after indirect revascularization surgery in children with moyamoya, this Delphi process defined areas of consensus among neurosurgeons, neurologists, and intensivists with moyamoya expertise. Research priorities identified include determining the role of continuous electroencephalography in postoperative moyamoya care, optimal perioperative blood pressure and hemoglobin targets, and the role of supplemental oxygen for treatment of suspected postoperative ischemia., (© 2023. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and Neurocritical Care Society.)
Published: 2024
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27. Transcranial Doppler in Childhood Moyamoya: An Underutilized Tool?

Author: Sun LR, Gatti JR, Ahmad SA, Burton N, Ziai W, Gottesman RF, and Jordan LC
Subjects: Child, Humans, Blood Flow Velocity physiology, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Stroke diagnosis, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging
Abstract: Background: Children with moyamoya are at high risk for incident and recurrent stroke. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound is an attractive option to screen high-risk populations for moyamoya and to provide stroke risk stratification information due to its safety and cost-effectiveness. We used TCD to evaluate cerebral blood flow velocities in children with presurgical moyamoya and to determine if velocities differ between children with stable and unstable disease., Methods: Fourteen participants aged ≤21 years with a radiographic diagnosis of moyamoya or moyamoya-like arteriopathy underwent a research TCD at a median age of 7.2 years. TCDs were performed outside of the setting of acute stroke and before surgical revascularization. Arteriopathy was classified as unstable if the participant had a stroke or transient ischemic attack within three months preceding the TCD., Results: Middle cerebral artery and internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow velocities were elevated. The median M1 velocity was 138 cm/s (interquartile range [IQR] 106 to 168). Individual M1 flow velocities were a median of 5.0 S.D.s above age-based normative values. The median distal ICA velocity was 146 cm/s (IQR 124 to 163). Individual ICA flow velocities were a median of 5.9 S.D.s above normative values. Participants with unstable arteriopathy had higher M1 velocities compared with those with stable arteriopathy (170 vs 119 cm/s, P = 0.0003). We did not identify velocity differences based on comorbid conditions or age., Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that TCD is a promising tool for screening for cerebral arteriopathies in high-risk pediatric populations and assessment for unstable disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None, (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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28. Tenecteplase in Pediatric Stroke: Ready or Not.

Author: Wilson JL, Waak M, Barry M, Jordan LC, and Sun LR
Subjects: Adult, Humans, Child, Tenecteplase, Tissue Plasminogen Activator therapeutic use, Fibrinolytic Agents therapeutic use, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Stroke drug therapy, Brain Ischemia drug therapy
Abstract: Background: Intravenous thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator is used for off-label treatment of acute childhood stroke. Tenecteplase (TNK) is used to treat acute stroke in adults at many institutions, although there are extremely few data about TNK use in children. We aimed to characterize pediatric stroke experts' experience and preferences with regard to TNK use in children with stroke., Methods: Online survey distributed to members of the International Pediatric Stroke Organization in April 2023., Results: We received 33 responses. Most (81.2%) respondents reported only being "a little familiar" or "somewhat familiar" with TNK. Only six (18%) respondents reported being "familiar" or "very familiar" with TNK. Seventy percent of respondents were willing to treat pediatric stroke with TNK, at least in some situations. In a hypothetical scenario of a child in an outside emergency room with only TNK available, 81.8% would consider recommending treatment with TNK. However, only three (9.1%) respondents had TNK in their stroke protocol and seven (21.2%) had TNK on formulary at their hospital. Two respondents reported direct awareness of a child treated with TNK., Conclusions: The majority of pediatric stroke neurologists responding to this survey reported a willingness to consider TNK use in children. However, data on TNK use in children, provider experience, and pediatric hospital preparedness are limited., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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29. Individualized Use of 6-Mercaptopurine in Chinese Children with ALL: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Author: Zhou Y, Wang L, Sun LR, Zhang L, Wang HM, Liu XT, Yang F, Wu KL, Liang YL, Zhao BB, Zhuang Y, Fu JQ, Song C, Li Y, Wang LZ, Xu HJ, Gu Y, van den Anker J, Ju XL, Zhu XF, and Zhao W
Subjects: Child, Humans, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic adverse effects, Bone Marrow Diseases, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, China epidemiology, Leukopenia chemically induced, Leukopenia epidemiology, Methyltransferases, Mercaptopurine adverse effects, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma drug therapy, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ethnology, East Asian People
Abstract: Continuous 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) dose titration is necessary because of its narrow therapeutic index and frequently encountered dose-limiting hematopoietic toxicity. However, evidence-based guidelines for gene-based 6-MP dosing have not been established for Chinese children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled clinical trial randomly assigned Chinese children with low- or intermediate-risk ALL in a 1:1 ratio to receive TPMT-NUDT15 gene-based dosing of 6-MP (N = 44, 10 to 50 mg/m 2 /day) or standard dosing (N = 44, 50 mg/m 2 /day) during maintenance therapy. The primary end point was the incidence of 6-MP myelosuppression in both groups. Secondary end points included frequencies of 6-MP hepatotoxicity, duration of myelosuppression and leukopenia, event-free survival, and steady-state concentrations of active metabolites (6-thioguaninenucleotides and 6-methylmercaptopurine nucleotides) in erythrocytes. A 2.2-fold decrease in myelosuppression, the primary end point, was observed in the gene-based-dose group using ~ 50% of the standard initial 6-MP dose (odds ratio, 0.26, 95% confidence interval, 0.11 to 0.64, P = 0.003). Patients in the gene-based-dose group had a significantly lower risk of developing thiopurine-induced myelosuppression and leukopenia (P = 0.015 and P = 0.022, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the secondary end points of the incidence of hepatotoxicity and steady-state concentrations of active metabolites in erythrocytes between the two groups. TPMT- and NUDT15-based dosing of 6-MP will significantly contribute toward further reducing the incidence of leukopenia in Chinese children with ALL. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrial.gov as #NCT04228393., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics © 2023 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)
Published: 2024
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30. Association Between Congenital Heart Disease and Stroke: Insights from a National Database.

Author: Yelton SEG, Flores S, Sun LR, Nelson-McMillan K, and Loomba RS
Subjects: Child, Humans, Infant, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Intensive Care Units, Pediatric, Heart Defects, Congenital complications, Heart Defects, Congenital epidemiology, Stroke epidemiology, Stroke etiology
Abstract: To delineate prevalence of stroke in the pediatric intensive care unit and to determine risk factors for stroke and association of stroke with mortality in patients with congenital heart disease. Retrospective cohort study. Patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units in the USA participating in the Pediatric Health Information System database from 2016 to 2021. Patients were categorized as those who experienced ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and those with congenital heart disease. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to determine risk factors associated with stroke and then developed a predictive model for stroke development in patients with congenital heart disease. Of 426,029 admissions analyzed, 4237 (0.9%) patients experienced stroke and 1197 (1.4%) of 80,927 patients with congenital heart disease developed stroke (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.24). Patients with congenital heart disease, younger age, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, mechanical ventilation, and cardiac arrest were most strongly associated with increased risk of stroke. Stroke increased odds of mortality for patients with congenital heart disease (odds ratio 2.49, 95% confidence interval 2.08-2.98). A risk score greater than 0 was associated with a 33.3% risk of stroke for patients with congenital heart disease (negative predictive value of 99%, sensitivity 69%, specificity 63%). Children with congenital heart disease are at increased risk for developing stroke, which is associated with increased mortality. Early identification of the most vulnerable patients may enable providers to implement preventative measures or rapid treatment strategies to prevent neurologic morbidity., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2024
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31. Relative anemia and perioperative stroke in children with moyamoya.

Author: Gatti JR, Ahmad SA, Gardner Yelton S, DiGiusto M, Leung D, Xu R, Cohen AR, Gottesman RF, and Sun LR
Subjects: Child, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome, Hemoglobins, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Cerebral Revascularization adverse effects, Stroke etiology, Stroke complications, Anemia, Sickle Cell complications, Ischemic Stroke complications, Moyamoya Disease complications, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging, Moyamoya Disease surgery
Abstract: Objectives: Surgical revascularization for moyamoya arteriopathy decreases long-term stroke risk but carries a risk of perioperative ischemic complications. We aimed to evaluate modifiable stroke risk factors in children undergoing surgical revascularization for moyamoya., Materials and Methods: In this exploratory, single-center, retrospective cohort study, medical records of pediatric patients undergoing surgical revascularization for moyamoya arteriopathy at our center between 2003 and 2021 were reviewed. Candidate modifiable risk factors were analyzed for association with perioperative stroke, defined as ischemic stroke ≤7 days after surgery., Results: We analyzed 53 surgeries, consisting of 39 individual patients undergoing indirect surgical revascularization of 74 hemispheres. Perioperative ischemic stroke occurred following five surgeries (9.4%). There were no instances of hemorrhagic stroke. Larger pre-to-postoperative decreases in hemoglobin (OR 3.90, p=0.017), hematocrit (OR 1.69, p=0.012) and blood urea nitrogen (OR 1.83, p=0.010) were associated with increased risk of perioperative ischemic stroke. Weight-adjusted intraoperative blood loss was not associated with risk of perioperative ischemic stroke (OR 0.94, p=0.796). Among children with sickle cell disease, all of whom underwent exchange transfusion within one week prior to surgery, none experienced perioperative stroke., Conclusions: Decreases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood urea nitrogen between the preoperative and postoperative periods are associated with increased risk of perioperative stroke. These novel findings suggest that dilutional anemia, possibly due to standardly administered hyperhydration, may increase the risk of perioperative stroke in some children with moyamoya. Further work optimizing both mean arterial pressure and oxygen-carrying capacity in these patients, including consideration of alternative blood transfusion thresholds, is necessary., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2024
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32. Recognizing and Responding to the Needs of Future Child and Adult Neurology Care Through the Evolution of Residency Training.

Author: McArthur JC, Augustine EF, Carmichael ST, Ferriero DM, Jensen FE, Jeste SS, Jordan LC, Llinas RH, Schlaggar BL, Sun LR, and Pomeroy SL
Subjects: Adult, Child, Humans, Internship and Residency, Neurology education, Nervous System Diseases genetics, Nervous System Diseases therapy
Abstract: Recent insights into the frequency of occurrence and the genetic and mechanistic basis of nervous system disease have demonstrated that neurologic disorders occur as a spectrum across all ages. To meet future needs of patients with neurologic disease of all ages and prepare for increasing implementaton of precision therapies, greater integration of child and adult neurology residency training is needed. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1005-1007., (© 2023 American Neurological Association.)
Published: 2023
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33. Stroke in the Developing Brain: Neurophysiologic Implications of Stroke Timing, Location, and Comorbid Factors.

Author: Hill NM, Malone LA, and Sun LR
Subjects: Infant, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Child, Preschool, Brain, Comorbidity, Stroke complications, Stroke epidemiology, Stroke psychology, Anemia, Sickle Cell complications, Epilepsy complications
Abstract: Background: Pediatric stroke, which is unique in that it represents a static insult to a developing brain, often leads to long-term neurological disability. Neuroplasticity in infants and children influences neurophysiologic recovery patterns after stroke; therefore outcomes depend on several factors including the timing and location of stroke and the presence of comorbid conditions., Methods: In this review, we discuss the unique implications of stroke occurring in the fetal, perinatal, and childhood/adolescent time periods. First, we highlight the impact of the developmental stage of the brain at the time of insult on the motor, sensory, cognitive, speech, and behavioral domains. Next, we consider the influence of location of stroke on the presence and severity of motor and nonmotor outcomes. Finally, we discuss the impact of associated conditions on long-term outcomes and risk for stroke recurrence., Results: Hemiparesis is common after stroke at any age, although the severity of impairment differs by age group. Risk of epilepsy is elevated in all age groups compared with those without stroke. Outcomes in other domains vary by age, although several studies suggest worse cognitive outcomes when stroke occurs in early childhood compared with fetal and later childhood epochs. Conditions such as congenital heart disease, sickle cell disease, and moyamoya increase the risk of stroke and leave patients differentially vulnerable to neurodevelopmental delay, stroke recurrence, silent infarcts, and cognitive impairment., Conclusions: A comprehensive understanding of the interplay of various factors is essential in guiding the clinical care of patients with pediatric stroke., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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34. Seizures in Pediatric Moyamoya: Risk Factors and Functional Outcomes.

Author: Gatti JR, Penn R, Ahmad SA, and Sun LR
Subjects: Child, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, Seizures diagnostic imaging, Seizures epidemiology, Seizures etiology, Risk Factors, Moyamoya Disease complications, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging, Moyamoya Disease epidemiology, Stroke complications, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Stroke epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Children with moyamoya arteriopathy are at high risk for stroke and seizures. Risk factors for seizures and the impact of seizures on neurological outcomes in children with moyamoya are unknown., Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of children with moyamoya evaluated between 2003 and 2021. Functional outcome was assessed using the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM). Associations between clinical variables and seizure occurrence were assessed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Associations between clinical variables and final PSOM score were assessed using ordinal logistic regression., Results: Eighty-four patients met inclusion criteria, and 34 (40%) children experienced seizure. Factors associated with seizures included moyamoya disease (vs syndrome; odds ratio [OR] 3.43, P = 0.008) and the presence of infarcts on baseline neuroimaging (OR 5.80, P = 0.002). Factors associated with decreased likelihood of experiencing seizures included older age at initial presentation (OR 0.82, P = 0.002) and asymptomatic (radiographic) presentation (OR 0.05, P = 0.006). Both older age at presentation (adjusted OR [AOR] 0.80, P = 0.004) and incidental radiographic presentation (AOR 0.06, P = 0.022) remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Seizures were associated with worse functional outcomes as assessed by the PSOM (regression coefficient 2.03, P < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted regression coefficient 1.54, P = 0.025)., Conclusions: Younger age and symptomatic presentation are associated with increased likelihood of seizures among children with moyamoya. Seizures are associated with worse functional outcomes. Prospective studies should clarify how seizures impact outcomes and how effective seizure treatment modifies this relationship., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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35. Tenecteplase in Acute Stroke: What About the Children?

Author: Sun LR, Wilson JL, Waak M, Kiskaddon A, Goldenberg NA, Jordan LC, and Barry M
Subjects: Adult, Child, Humans, Tenecteplase therapeutic use, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Fibrinolytic Agents therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Brain Ischemia drug therapy, Stroke drug therapy
Abstract: Tenecteplase is replacing alteplase as the fibrinolytic agent of choice for the acute management of ischemic stroke in many adult stroke centers due to practical and pharmacokinetic advantages in the setting of similar outcomes. Although thrombolytic use is increasing for acute childhood stroke, there is very limited experience with tenecteplase in children for any indication, and importantly, there are no data on safety, dosing, or efficacy of tenecteplase for childhood stroke. Changes in fibrinolytic capacity over childhood, pediatric pharmacological considerations such as age-specific differences in drug clearance and volume of distribution, and practical aspects of drug delivery such as availability in children's hospitals may impact decisions about transitioning from alteplase to tenecteplase for acute pediatric stroke treatment. Pediatric and adult neurologists should prepare institution-specific guidelines and organize prospective data collection., Competing Interests: Disclosures Dr Sun receives research and salary support from the American Heart Association (Career Development Award 850044). Dr Goldenberg receives research and salary support from the National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute for investigation into venous thromboembolism in patients <21 years old. He receives or recently received consultancy fees from Anthos Therapeutics, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Chiesi, Daiichi Sankyo, and the University of Colorado-affiliated Academic Research Organization CPC Clinical Research for roles in clinical trial planning or oversight committees in pharmaceutical industry-sponsored pediatric clinical trials of antithrombotics. The other authors report no conflicts.
Published: 2023
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36. Case Report: Successful Anterior Circulation Thrombectomy After 24 Hours in an Adolescent.

Author: Vinarsky V, Sun LR, Yedavalli VS, Schleifer L, Arthur K, Hui F, and Harrar DB
Subjects: Female, Humans, Adolescent, Child, Quality of Life, Thrombectomy methods, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery diagnostic imaging, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery surgery, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Treatment Outcome, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Stroke etiology, Stroke surgery, Ischemic Stroke, Brain Ischemia diagnostic imaging, Brain Ischemia surgery
Abstract: Background: Arterial ischemic stroke in children comes with the potential for morbidity and mortality and can result in high cost of care and decreased quality of life among survivors. Children with arterial ischemic stroke are increasingly being treated with mechanical thrombectomy, but little is known about the risks and benefits 24 hours after a patient's last known well (LKW) time., Methods: A 16-year-old female presented with acute onset of dysarthria and right hemiparesis with LKW time 22 hours prior. Pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 12. Magnetic resonance imaging showed diffusion restriction and T2 hyperintensity primarily in the left basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed left M1 occlusion. Arterial spin labeling showed a large apparent perfusion deficit. She underwent thrombectomy with TICI3 recanalization 29.5 hours after LKW time., Results: At 2-month follow-up, her examination showed moderate right-hand weakness and mild diminished sensation of the right arm., Conclusions: Adult thrombectomy trials include patients up to 24 hours from their LKW time and suggest that some patients maintain a favorable perfusion profile for over 24 hours. Without intervention many go on to experience infarct expansion. The persistence of a favorable perfusion profile likely reflects robust collateral circulation. We hypothesized our patient was relying on collateral circulation to maintain the noninfarcted areas of her left middle cerebral artery territory. Owing to concern for eventual collateral failure, thrombectomy outside of the 24-hour window was performed. This case serves as a call to action to better understand the impact of collateral circulation on cerebral perfusion in children with large vessel occlusions and delineate which children may benefit from thrombectomy in a delayed time window., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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37. Same-day versus staged revascularization of bilateral moyamoya arteriopathy in pediatric patients.

Author: Xu R, Xie ME, Kim J, Kothari R, Sun LR, Jackson EM, Tamargo RJ, Huang J, Ahn ES, and Cohen AR
Subjects: Humans, Child, Adolescent, Retrospective Studies, Vascular Surgical Procedures, Treatment Outcome, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging, Moyamoya Disease surgery, Stroke etiology, Stroke surgery, Cerebral Revascularization
Abstract: Purpose: To compare the outcomes of conducting left and right hemisphere surgical revascularization on the same day versus different days for bilateral pediatric moyamoya arteriopathy patients., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed mortality, stroke, and transient neurologic event (TNE) rates in North American bilateral pediatric moyamoya arteriopathy patients who underwent bilateral cerebral revascularization., Results: A total of 38 pediatric (≤ 18 years old) patients at our institution underwent bilateral cerebral revascularization for moyamoya arteriopathy. Of these patients, 24 (63.2%) had both operations on the same day and 14 (36.8%) had the two operations on different days. The average length of stay for patients who underwent same-day bilateral revascularization was 6.9 ± 2.0 days and the average length of stay for each operation for patients who underwent staged bilateral revascularization was 4.5 ± 1.4 days, p = 0.001. While there were 7 (14.6%) postoperative strokes in patients who had both hemispheres revascularized on the same day, 0 (0%) strokes occurred in hemispheres after they had been operated on in the staged cohort, p = 0.042. Additionally, the postoperative stroke-free survival time in the ipsilateral hemisphere and TNE-free survival time were significantly longer in patients in the staged revascularization cohort., Conclusion: Same-day bilateral revascularization was associated with longer length of stay per operation, higher rate of ipsilateral stroke, and shorter postoperative TNE-free and stroke-free survival time in the revascularized hemisphere., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2023
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38. Seizures, Epilepsy, and Electroencephalography Findings in Pediatric Moyamoya Arteriopathy: A Scoping Review.

Author: Penn R, Harrar D, and Sun LR
Subjects: Humans, Child, Seizures diagnosis, Electroencephalography, Prognosis, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy etiology, Moyamoya Disease diagnosis, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging
Abstract: Background: Although seizures are known to occur in children with moyamoya arteriopathy, data regarding characteristics, prevalence, and predictive factors for their development are less established. This study aimed to systematically review literature addressing seizures, epilepsy, and electroencephalography findings in the pediatric moyamoya population., Methods: A scoping review was performed by searching PubMed and Ovid:Embase databases for articles that described seizures, epilepsy, and electroencephalography findings in patients aged 0 to 21 years with moyamoya arteriopathy., Results: The search yielded 43 total articles that addressed the following topics in childhood moyamoya: seizures as the presenting symptom, epilepsy characteristics and management, characteristic electroencephalography findings including rebuildup with discussion of proposed mechanisms, and potential predictive clinical factors for the development of seizures preoperatively and the persistence of epilepsy postoperatively. In the reviewed literature, 9% to 19% of children with moyamoya had epilepsy, with over half of the cases lacking radiographic evidence of ischemia. Young age was the most consistent clinical factor associated with both seizures as the presenting symptom and with moyamoya-related epilepsy. Multiple studies report that seizures, electroencephalographic background abnormalities, and the rebuildup phenomenon improve after successful revascularization surgery., Conclusions: This scoping review provides a thorough investigation of the literature available to date on the clinical features of seizures in the pediatric moyamoya population. Literature on this topic is scarce and further studies assessing predictive factors for the development of epilepsy, prognosis as a result of having seizures, and seizure management in this population will help to fill existing knowledge gaps., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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39. Neuromonitoring in Children with Cerebrovascular Disorders.

Author: Harrar DB, Sun LR, Segal JB, Lee S, and Sansevere AJ
Subjects: Child, Humans, Intracranial Hemorrhages, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Brain Ischemia, Ischemic Stroke, Venous Thrombosis
Abstract: Background: Cerebrovascular disorders are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The acute care of a child with an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or cerebral sinus venous thrombosis focuses on stabilizing the patient, determining the cause of the insult, and preventing secondary injury. Here, we review the use of both invasive and noninvasive neuromonitoring modalities in the care of pediatric patients with arterial ischemic stroke, nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage, and cerebral sinus venous thrombosis., Methods: Narrative review of the literature on neuromonitoring in children with cerebrovascular disorders., Results: Neuroimaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, continuous and quantitative electroencephalography, invasive intracranial pressure monitoring, and multimodal neuromonitoring may augment the acute care of children with cerebrovascular disorders. Neuromonitoring can play an essential role in the early identification of evolving injury in the aftermath of arterial ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, or sinus venous thrombosis, including recurrent infarction or infarct expansion, new or recurrent hemorrhage, vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia, status epilepticus, and intracranial hypertension, among others, and this, is turn, can facilitate real-time adjustments to treatment plans., Conclusions: Our understanding of pediatric cerebrovascular disorders has increased dramatically over the past several years, in part due to advances in the neuromonitoring modalities that allow us to better understand these conditions. We are now poised, as a field, to take advantage of advances in neuromonitoring capabilities to determine how best to manage and treat acute cerebrovascular disorders in children., (© 2023. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and Neurocritical Care Society.)
Published: 2023
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40. Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke.

Author: Sun LR and Lynch JK
Subjects: Child, Humans, Fibrinolytic Agents administration & dosage, Fibrinolytic Agents therapeutic use, Heart Diseases complications, Hematologic Diseases complications, Infections complications, Neoplasms complications, Thrombolytic Therapy, Mechanical Thrombolysis, Cerebral Arterial Diseases complications, Cerebral Arterial Diseases diagnosis, Cerebral Arterial Diseases drug therapy, Cerebral Arterial Diseases therapy, Ischemic Stroke diagnosis, Ischemic Stroke etiology, Ischemic Stroke rehabilitation, Ischemic Stroke therapy
Abstract: Though rare, stroke in infants and children is an important cause of mortality and chronic morbidity in the pediatric population. Neuroimaging advances and implementation of pediatric stroke care protocols have led to the ability to rapidly diagnose stroke and in many cases determine the stroke etiology. Though data on efficacy of hyperacute therapies, such as intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, in pediatric stroke are limited, feasibility and safety data are mounting and support careful consideration of these treatments for childhood stroke. Recent therapeutic advances allow for targeted stroke prevention efforts in high-risk conditions, such as moyamoya, sickle cell disease, cardiac disease, and genetic disorders. Despite these exciting advances, important knowledge gaps persist, including optimal dosing and type of thrombolytic agents, inclusion criteria for mechanical thrombectomy, the role of immunomodulatory therapies for focal cerebral arteriopathy, optimal long-term antithrombotic strategies, the role of patent foramen ovale closure in pediatric stroke, and optimal rehabilitation strategies after stroke of the developing brain., (© 2023. The American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Inc.)
Published: 2023
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41. Characterization of Neuropsychological Outcomes in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients with Moyamoya Arteriopathy.

Author: Gatti JR, Peterson RK, Cannon A, Yedavalli V, Malone LA, and Sun LR
Subjects: Child, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Neuropsychological Tests, Moyamoya Disease complications, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging, Stroke etiology, Stroke complications, Cerebral Arterial Diseases complications, Ischemic Stroke complications
Abstract: Introduction: Moyamoya arteriopathy is a severe, progressive cerebral arteriopathy that places affected children at high risk for stroke. Moyamoya has been associated with a range of neuropsychological deficits in adults, but data on many cognitive domains remain limited in the pediatric population and little is known about the neuropsychological profile of children with syndromic moyamoya., Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of children with moyamoya arteriopathy followed at our center who underwent neuropsychological testing between 2003 and 2021. Test scores were extracted from neuropsychological reports. Medical records were reviewed with attention to individual neuropsychological test results, medical comorbidities, presence of infarct(s) on neuroimaging, and history of clinical ischemic stroke., Results: Of the 83 children with moyamoya followed at our center between 2003 and 2021, 13 had completed neuropsychological testing across multiple cognitive domains. Compared to age-based normative data, children in this sample had lower scores in overall intelligence ( p = 0.003), global executive functioning ( p = 0.005), and overall adaptive functioning ( p = 0.015). There was no significant difference in overall intelligence between children with ( n = 6) versus without ( n = 7) a history of clinical stroke ( p = 0.368), though children with any radiographic infarct scored lower in this domain ( p = 0.032)., Conclusion: In our cohort, children with moyamoya demonstrated impaired intelligence and executive functioning, even in the absence of clinical stroke. Neuropsychological evaluation should be considered standard of care for all children with moyamoya, even those without a history of clinical stroke., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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42. Practice variability in the perioperative management of pediatric moyamoya disease in North America.

Author: Sun LR, Hersh DS, Smith ER, Aldana PR, and Jordan LC
Subjects: Child, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Perioperative Care adverse effects, Treatment Outcome, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging, Moyamoya Disease surgery, Moyamoya Disease etiology, Stroke etiology, Cerebral Revascularization adverse effects
Abstract: Background: Revascularization surgery decreases the long-term risk of stroke in children with moyamoya but carries an increased risk of perioperative ischemic events. Evidence-based approaches to safe perioperative management of children with moyamoya are limited. We aimed to understand practice variability in perioperative moyamoya care., Methods: Neurologists, neurosurgeons, and intensivists practicing in North America with expertise in perioperative pediatric moyamoya care participated in a 138-item anonymous survey focused on interdisciplinary perioperative care surrounding indirect revascularization surgery., Results: Many perioperative care practices vary substantially between participants. Timing of resumption of antiplatelet therapy postoperatively, choice of sedative agents and vasopressors, goal blood pressures, rate and duration of intravenous fluid administration, and red blood cell transfusion thresholds are among the most variable practices., Conclusions: This practice variability survey highlights several important knowledge gaps and areas of equipoise that should be targets for future investigation and consensus-building efforts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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43. Risk Factors and Imaging Biomarkers Associated With Perioperative Stroke in Pediatric Moyamoya Arteriopathy.

Author: Gardner Yelton SE, Gatti J, Adil M, Guryildirim M, Tekes A, and Sun LR
Subjects: Child, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Biomarkers, Treatment Outcome, Ischemic Attack, Transient complications, Cerebral Revascularization methods, Moyamoya Disease complications, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging, Moyamoya Disease surgery, Stroke etiology, Stroke complications
Abstract: Patients with moyamoya arteriopathy are at high risk for developing ischemic stroke in the perioperative period. We sought to evaluate whether preoperative clinical and neuroimaging biomarkers are associated with postoperative stroke and transient ischemic attack in children with moyamoya following revascularization surgery. We performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients who underwent revascularization surgery for moyamoya in the last 15 years. Fifty-three patients who underwent 69 surgeries met the inclusion criteria. We recorded clinical predictors of stroke or transient ischemic attack within 7 days following surgery. We used Suzuki stage and Composite Cerebrovascular Stenosis Score to analyze neuroimaging. Significant risk factors for developing postoperative stroke or transient ischemic attack were younger age at surgery ( P = .004) and transient ischemic attack less than 1 month prior to surgery ( P < .001). Children under 5 and those with recent preoperative ischemic events should be the focus of investigation to evaluate modifiable risk factors and targeted interventions.
Published: 2022
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44. [Mid-term efficacy of China Net Childhood Lymphoma-mature B-cell lymphoma 2017 regimen in the treatment of pediatric Burkitt lymphoma].

Author: Zhang M, Wu P, Duan YL, Jin L, Yang J, Huang S, Liu Y, Hu B, Zhai XW, Wang HS, Fu Y, Li F, Yang XM, Liu AS, Qin S, Yuan XJ, Dong YS, Liu W, Zhou JW, Zhang LP, Jia YP, Wang J, Qu LJ, Dai YP, Guan GT, Sun LR, Jiang J, Liu R, Jin RM, Wang ZJ, Wang XG, Zhang BX, Chen KL, Zhuang SQ, Zhang J, Zhou CJ, Gao ZF, Zheng MC, and Zhang Y
Subjects: Adolescent, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Child, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Lactate Dehydrogenases, Male, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Rituximab therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Burkitt Lymphoma drug therapy, Lymphoma, B-Cell drug therapy
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and to summarize the mid-term efficacy of China Net Childhood Lymphoma-mature B-cell lymphoma 2017 (CNCL-B-NHL-2017) regimen. Methods: Clinical features of 436 BL patients who were ≤18 years old and treated with the CNCL-B-NHL-2017 regimen from May 2017 to April 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical characteristics of patients at disease onset were analyzed and the therapeutic effects of patients with different clinical stages and risk groups were compared. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression was used to identify the prognostic factors. Results: Among 436 patients, there were 368 (84.4%) males and 68 (15.6%) females, the age of disease onset was 6.0 (4.0, 9.0) years old. According to the St. Jude staging system, there were 4 patients (0.9%) with stage Ⅰ, 30 patients (6.9%) with stage Ⅱ, 217 patients (49.8%) with stage Ⅲ, and 185 patients (42.4%) with stage Ⅳ. All patients were stratified into following risk groups: group A ( n =1, 0.2%), group B1 ( n =46, 10.6%), group B2 ( n =19, 4.4%), group C1 ( n =285, 65.4%), group C2 ( n =85, 19.5%). Sixty-three patients (14.4%) were treated with chemotherapy only and 373 patients (85.6%) were treated with chemotherapy combined with rituximab. Twenty-one patients (4.8%) suffered from progressive disease, 3 patients (0.7%) relapsed, and 13 patients (3.0%) died of treatment-related complications. The follow-up time of all patients was 24.0 (13.0, 35.0) months, the 2-year event free survival (EFS) rate of all patients was (90.9±1.4) %. The 2-year EFS rates of group A, B1, B2, C1 and C2 were 100.0%, 100.0%, (94.7±5.1) %, (90.7±1.7) % and (85.9±4.0) %, respectively. The 2-year EFS rates was higher in group A, B1, and B2 than those in group C1 (χ 2 =4.16, P =0.041) and group C2 (χ 2 =7.21, P =0.007). The 2-year EFS rates of the patients treated with chemotherapy alone and those treated with chemotherapy combined with rituximab were (79.3±5.1)% and (92.9±1.4)% (χ 2 =14.23, P <0.001) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that stage Ⅳ (including leukemia stage), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)>4-fold normal value, and with residual tumor in the mid-term evaluation were risk factors for poor prognosis ( HR =1.38,1.23,8.52,95% CI 1.05-1.82,1.05-1.43,3.96-18.30). Conclusions: The CNCL-B-NHL-2017 regimen show significant effect in the treatment of pediatric BL. The combination of rituximab improve the efficacy further.
Published: 2022
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45. Pediatric Moyamoya Biomarkers: Narrowing the Knowledge Gap.

Author: Lehman LL, Kaseka ML, Stout J, See AP, Pabst L, Sun LR, Hassanein SA, Waak M, Vossough A, Smith ER, and Dlamini N
Subjects: Child, Humans, Constriction, Pathologic complications, Biomarkers, Cerebral Revascularization adverse effects, Cerebral Revascularization methods, Moyamoya Disease diagnosis, Moyamoya Disease surgery, Stroke etiology
Abstract: Moyamoya is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder that leads to stenosis of the arteries in the distal internal carotid, proximal middle cerebral and proximal anterior cerebral arteries of the circle of Willis. Typically a network of collaterals form to bypass the stenosis and maintain cerebral blood flow. As moyamoya progresses it affects the anterior circulation more commonly than posterior circulation, and cerebral blood flow becomes increasingly reliant on external carotid supply. Children with moyamoya are at increased risk for ischemic symptoms including stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). In addition, cognitive decline may occur over time, even in the absence of clinical stroke. Standard of care for stroke prevention in children with symptomatic moyamoya is revascularization surgery. Treatment of children with asymptomatic moyamoya with revascularization surgery however remains more controversial. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to assist with not only diagnosis but also with determining ischemic risk and identifying best surgical candidates. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge as well as gaps in research in relation to pediatric moyamoya biomarkers including neurologic presentation, cognitive, neuroimaging, genetic and biologic biomarkers of disease severity and ischemic risk., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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46. Hemostatic and Thrombotic Considerations in the Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review.

Author: Kumar R, Sun LR, Rodriguez V, Sankar A, Sharma M, Meoded A, Brandão LR, and Goldenberg NA
Subjects: Child, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Brain Ischemia complications, Brain Ischemia diagnosis, Brain Ischemia therapy, Ischemic Stroke, Hemostatics, Stroke diagnosis, Stroke etiology, Stroke therapy, Thrombophilia complications
Abstract: Although rare in children, arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with increased mortality and neurological morbidity. The incidence of AIS after the neonatal period is approximately 1-2/100,000/year, with an estimated mortality of 3-7%. A significant proportion of children surviving AIS experience life-long neurological deficits including hemiparesis, epilepsy, and cognitive delays. The low incidence of childhood AIS coupled with atypical clinical-presentation and lack of awareness contribute to delay in diagnosis and consequently, the early initiation of treatment. While randomized-clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of reperfusion therapies including thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy in appropriately-selected adult patients, similar data for children are unavailable. Consequently, clinical decisions surrounding reperfusion therapy in childhood AIS are either extrapolated from adult data or based on local experience. The etiology of childhood AIS is multifactorial, often occurring in the setting of both acquired and congenital risk-factors including thrombophilia. While multiple studies have investigated the association of thrombophilia with incident childhood AIS, its impact on stroke recurrence and therefore duration and intensity of antithrombotic therapy is less clear. Despite these limitations, a significant progress has been made over the last decade in the management of childhood AIS. This progress can be attributed to international consortiums, and in selected cohorts to federally-funded clinical trials. In this narrative review, the authors have systematically appraised the literature and summarize the hemostatic and thrombotic considerations in the diagnosis and management of childhood AIS focusing on the evidence supporting reperfusion therapies, relevance of thrombophilia testing, and duration and drug choices for secondary-prophylaxis., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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47. Arterial Spin Labeling technique and clinical applications of the intracranial compartment in stroke and stroke mimics - A case-based review.

Author: Daftari Besheli L, Ahmed A, Hamam O, Luna L, Sun LR, Urrutia V, Hillis AE, Tekes-Brady A, and Yedavalli V
Subjects: Cerebrovascular Circulation, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Spin Labels, Ischemic Stroke, Stroke
Abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging perfusion (MRP) techniques can improve the selection of acute ischemic stroke patients for treatment by estimating the salvageable area of decreased perfusion, that is, penumbra. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noncontrast MRP technique that is used to assess cerebral blood flow without the use of intravenous gadolinium contrast. Thus, ASL is of particular interest in stroke imaging. This article will review clinical applications of ASL in stroke such as assessment of the core infarct and penumbra, localization of the vascular occlusion, and collateral status. Given the nonspecific symptoms that patients can present with, differentiating between stroke and a stroke mimic is a diagnostic dilemma. ASL not only helps in differentiating stroke from stroke mimic but also can be used to specify the exact mimic when used in conjunction with the symptomatology and structural imaging. In addition to a case-based overview of clinical applications of the ASL in stroke and stroke mimics in this article, the more commonly used ASL labeling techniques as well as emerging ASL techniques, future developments, and limitations will be reviewed.
Published: 2022
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48. Stroke Caused by Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in an Adolescent.

Author: Schleifer L, Vogel S, Arun A, Lum YW, Lawrence C, Hui F, and Sun LR
Abstract: Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome is a rare condition characterized by compression of the subclavian artery, often with post-stenotic aneurysm formation. Artery-to-artery embolic strokes related to thoracic outlet syndrome have been reported in the posterior circulation and in the ipsilateral anterior circulation. We present a case in which a thrombus secondary to thoracic outlet syndrome caused a contralateral anterior circulation stroke in an adolescent and postulate mechanisms of this rare occurrence. This case demonstrates that a subclavian thrombus due to thoracic outlet syndrome can take a circuitous path and cause an anterior circulation stroke contralateral to the diseased subclavian artery. In addition, this case illustrates the importance of a high index of suspicion for thoracic outlet syndrome in patients with stroke and associated arm pain or discoloration., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)
Published: 2022
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49. Nonischemic Presentations of Pediatric Moyamoya Arteriopathy: A Natural History Study.

Author: Gatti JR and Sun LR
Subjects: Child, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain Ischemia, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Stroke etiology
Published: 2022
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50. The neurosurgical management of Severe Hemophilia A and Moyamoya (SHAM): challenges, strategies, and literature review.

Author: Xu R, Kalluri AL, Sun LR, Lawrence CE, Lee JK, Kannan S, and Cohen AR
Subjects: Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Male, Cerebral Revascularization methods, Hemophilia A complications, Moyamoya Disease complications, Moyamoya Disease diagnostic imaging, Moyamoya Disease surgery, Stroke etiology
Abstract: Introduction: Severe Hemophilia A and Moyamoya arteriopathy (SHAM syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder caused by deletion of portions of the cytogenic band Xq28. A case of SHAM syndrome requiring bilateral cerebral revascularization is described with an emphasis on perioperative management., Case Report: A 5-year-old boy with severe hemophilia A complicated by factor VIII inhibition presented with right-sided weakness. Imaging revealed multiple strokes and vascular changes consistent with Moyamoya disease. The patient underwent two-staged indirect cerebral bypass revascularizations, first on the left side and several months later on the right. Perioperative management required balancing the administration of agents to prevent coagulopathy and perioperative hemorrhage while mitigating the risk of thromboembolic events associated with bypass surgery. Despite a multidisciplinary effort by the neurosurgery, hematology, critical care, and anesthesiology teams, the post-operative course after both surgeries was complicated by stroke. Fortunately, the patient recovered rapidly to his preoperative functional baseline., Conclusion: We describe a rare case of SHAM syndrome in a pediatric patient who required bilateral revascularizations and discuss strategies for managing the perioperative risk of hemorrhage and stroke. We also review existing literature on SHAM syndrome., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2022
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