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Ethnic minority students have long been underrepresented in the field of science due to social, cultural and economic factors. Understanding how their attitudes toward science and aspirations for science careers formed and developed during secondary educational level is critical to support them live their full potential for science. Numerous studies have been conduced on this topic, however a systematic examination of these studies is lacking. This research is a systematic literature review that aims to select and investigate empirical studies in the ERIC database in the timeframe from 2005 to 2017 to understand age 11-16 ethnic minority students' attitudes toward science and their aspiration for science careers. A total of 10 literature with empirical studies were identified after screening the literature with specific criteria. The factors that influence ethnic minority students' attitudes toward science and their aspiration for science careers are presented. The limitations in the previous research are discussed to provide recommendation for future research.

Pierce's disease (PD) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. X. fastidiosa is limited to the xylem tissue and following infection induces extensive plant-derived xylem blockages, primarily in the form of tyloses. Tylose-mediated vessel occlusions are a hallmark of PD, particularly in susceptible V. vinifera. We temporally monitored tylose development over the course of the disease to link symptom severity to the level of tylose occlusion and the presence/absence of the bacterial pathogen at fine-scale resolution. The majority of vessels containing tyloses were devoid of bacterial cells, indicating that direct, localized perception of X. fastidiosa was not a primary cause of tylose formation. In addition, we used X-ray computed microtomography and machine-learning to determine that X. fastidiosa induces significant starch depletion in xylem ray parenchyma cells. This suggests that a signalling mechanism emanating from the vessels colonized by bacteria enables a systemic response to X. fastidiosa infection. To understand the transcriptional changes underlying these phenotypes, we integrated global transcriptomics into the phenotypes we tracked over the disease spectrum. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that considerable transcriptomic reprogramming occurred during early PD before symptom appearance. Specifically, we determined that many genes associated with tylose formation (ethylene signalling and cell wall biogenesis) and drought stress were up-regulated during both Phase I and Phase II of PD. On the contrary, several genes related to photosynthesis and carbon fixation were down-regulated during both phases. These responses correlate with significant starch depletion observed in ray cells and tylose synthesis in vessels.

[Purpose/Significance] Carrying out research on emerging research topics(ERT) identification and scientifically and effectively discovering their characteristic correlation laws can better serve practical needs and give play to the innovative supporting role of sci-tech information research on the development of disciplines. Aiming at discovering emerging research topic(ERT) and its characteristic correlation effect scientifically and effectively, this paper carries out ERT identification and feature analysis, while realizing the innovative supporting role of sci-tech information work. [Method/Process] Starting from the definition of the features of ERT, this paper established the methodological framework of ERT identification by using natural language processing, global principal component analysis and time series analysis. Based on the relevant theories and practices of emerging topic identification and scientific impact assessment, this thesis quantified the characteristics of the topic’s consistency, novelty, influence, and growth. On the basis of emerging themes identification, the law of the development of emerging themes in the target field is deeply excavated. Granger causality test and cointegration analysis were used to explore the long term equilibrium and the correlation effects of their characteristics. [Result/Conclusion] This paper proposes a method to identify ERT and their correlation feature analysis. In order to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of this method, the field of wetland was selected to carry out empirical research. Combined with the topic identification and feature correlation effect analysis, the final result depicted the dynamic development path of subject science influence in this field, while putting forward some advices on developing emerging topics from the perspective of associated characteristics.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by arterial inflammation. One important trigger for AS development is the excessive migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); however, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of DNA polymerase β (Pol β), a crucial enzyme involved in base excision repair, VSMC migration, and subsequent AS development. In this study, we revealed a significant increase in Pol β content within AS plaques in ApoE−/−Pol β+/+ mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated a significant decrease in hCASMC viability and migration ability upon Pol β knockdown, whereas the subsequent recovery of Pol β expression reversed this effect. Moreover, our investigations revealed that Pol β knockdown leads to the inhibition of the POSTN gene transcription by suppressing the YY1/TGF-β1 pathway, resulting in the decreased expression of the protein periostin during VSMC migration. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the role of Pol β in AS development, offering a novel approach for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of adverse reactions of injection site after subcutaneous anticoagulant injection under the guidance of evidence-based nursingMethods Using the convenient sampling method, 608 patients with anticoagulant subcutaneous injection were investigated with self-designed general data questionnaire. Results Totally 98 patients had hemorrhagic related adverse reactions, the total incidence was 16. 12%. Age, sex, body mass index, abdominal skin fold thickness, and concomitant other anticoagulants were the main influencing factors. The levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen were specific indexes. Conclusion Standardizing subcutaneous injection method of anticoagulants can reduce the risk of bleeding and other adverse reaction. Patients should be comprehensively evaluated before injection and master the correct injection method. Elderly, female, obesity, and the use of other anticoagulant drugs and D-dimer, fibrinogen decreased in patients are high-risk groups. (目的 调查基于循证护理指导下抗凝剂皮下注射不良反应发生率, 并进行影响因素分析。方法 采取便利抽样法, 对608例患者抗凝剂皮下注射后皮下瘀点瘀斑、硬结等进行记录, 计算发生率, 对年龄等影响因素进行多元回归分析。结果 通过规范注射, 有98例患者发生不良反应, 总发生率为16. 12%。年龄、性别、体质量指数、腹部皮肤褶皱厚度、同时使用其他相关药物是其主要影响因素。D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原水平是特异性指标。结论 规范抗凝剂皮下注射方法, 可降低出血相关不良反应。注射前应全面评估患者, 掌握正确的注射方法。高龄、女性、肥胖、同时使用其他相关药物和D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原降低的患者是高危人群。)

In the context of carbon neutrality, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology has emerged as a critical focus for policymakers worldwide. Recognized as a critical tool for combating climate change and achieving carbon neutrality, CCUS has gained widespread endorsement from major nations and international organizations. Through methods such as bibliometrics, text clustering, and comprehensive research involving foreign official institutions and authoritative websites, this study delves into the technology strategy and development trends of CCUS. It is found that various countries,including the United States, Europe, and Japan, have sequentially rolled out CCUS strategies, elevating CCUS to a pivotal national strategic initiative. Moreover, they have delineated explicit objectives and emphasized research directives for diverse developmental phases leading up to 2030, 2040, and 2050. At present, the arena of CCUS technology is marked by swift expansion, with the relevant core technologies concentrating on low-energy and cost-effective CO2 capture, dependable geological utilization and storage, and advanced CO2 conversion processes aimed at yielding high-value chemicals and fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. This work focused on investigating the role of programmed death ligand 2 (PD‐L2) in the progression of breast cancer by utilizing breast cancer specimens and cells. Materials and Methods. The serum levels of soluble PD‐L2 (sPD‐L2) in breast cancer patients and healthy individuals were analyzed by means of the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the PD‐L2 levels within 416 resected breast cancer specimens were assessed through immunohistochemistry. Concurrently, in vitro cell experiments and in vivo animal experiments were carried out to analyze the relationship between PD‐L2 and the invasion and migration of breast cancer. Results. The concentration of sPD‐L2 in breast cancer patients significantly increased compared to that in the control groups. Additionally, breast cancer patients with high concentrations of sPD‐L2 had higher Ki67 values (≥30%) and tumor grades. PD‐L2 was expressed in 79.09% of the cancer samples, which exhibited a positive correlation with the progesterone receptor (PR) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Furthermore, we discovered that knockdown of PD‐L2 inhibited the migratory and invasive abilities of both MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB231 cells. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrated that knockdown of PD‐L2 suppressed tumor growth, providing novel insights into important biological functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]