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A heat treatment method is developed to produce blue afterglow materials, achieving a photoluminescence quantum yield of 65% and an emission lifetime of 0.18 s (afterglow: >2 s). The afterglow is attributed to TADF of norfloxacin, activated by the confinement effect of boric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low-cost and highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts has driven continuous effort. Here we develop a one-step preparation method of novel two-dimensional coupled hybrid of molybdenum carbide embedded N-doped carbon nanolayer architecture (MoCx-N/CNL) using cheap cotton as carbon and nitrogen precursor and ammonium molybdate as Mo precursor. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), element mapping, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were utilized to characterize the as-prepared nanocomposites. The synergistic effect between dispersive Mo 2 C particles and N doping in MoCx-N/CNL leads to remarkable HER performance in acidic media. Different amount of Mo were doped in the samples by arranging the ammonium molybdate concentration. Three samples were obtained and MoCx-N/CNL-3 showed better HER electrocatalytic performance than other two samples. Moreover, the as prepared MoCx-N/CNL-3 exhibits excellent stability and durability in acidic media. A new viable route is provided to prepare molybdenum carbide embedded N-doped carbon hybrid architecture with higher HER stability and activity, it is of significance in novel HER catalyst preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small non-coding endogenous molecule, and can participate in a variety of biological processes in organisms such as development, growth and immune response. Dual-Specificity Phosphatases (DUSPs) are enzymes that can remove phosphate groups from phosphatases. Research found that DUSP1 is an important molecule in the process of MAPK regulation. However, as a significant regulatory factor, the study of DUSP1 was very few in fish. Consequently, in this study, the regulatory role of miRNAs on DUSP1 has been verified through dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blotting analysis. Furethermore, we found that miR-375 mimics and pre-miR-375 plasmid can negatively regulate the target gene DUSP1 in miiuy croaker through combining with 3'untranslated region of DUSP1 gene. These experiment results directly indicate the negative regulatory function of miR-375 to DUSP1. Moreover, miR-375 can negatively regulate NF-κB signaling pathway via target to DUSP1. This study can increase our knowledge and help us to understand complexity of genomic and complex gene expression regulatory networks in teleost fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that participate in the regulation of various biological processes. A series of microRNAs have been shown to be important regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses, including RIG-I signaling pathway. In this study, we evaluated the regulation role of miR-210 in the RLRs signaling pathway of miiuy croaker. Upon poly(I:C) stimulation, the expression of miR-210 in both miiuy croaker spleen tissues and macrophages were significantly upregulated. By means of the dual luciferase reporter assay, a direct interaction between miR-210 and the 3-untranslated region (UTR) of Deubiquitinating enzyme A (DUBA) was confirmed, and we found that miR-210 could reduce the luciferase levels of wild-type DUBA 3′UTR, whereas mutant-type led to a complete abrogation of the negative effect. Furthermore, the negative regulatory effects of pre-miR-210 on DUBA have been indicated in a dose- and time-dependent manners. As DUBA is an important regulator involved in the RLRs signaling pathway and could bind with and regulate TRAF3, we also examined the expression patterns of DUBA and TRAF3 in vivo and in vitro . We found that the expression of both DUBA and TRAF3 were significantly changed upon poly(I:C) stimulation in miiuy croaker. The expression patterns between miR-210 and DUBA showed a negative correlation, which indicated that miR-210 can target and downregulate the expression of DUBA. Overall, these results will enrich the knowledge of immune response related miRNAs in miiuy croaker, which will be useful for better understanding the complicated regulatory networks in fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family is a transcription factor family which plays an important role in the regulation of natural immunity and immune cell differentiation. IRF7 is important to regulate the response of type I interferon (IFN) to viral infection. Thus, more researches of the characteristic and functions of IRF7 should be done to get better understanding of the mechanisms underlying immune reactions. Here, the characterization of full-length cDNA of IRF7 was reported from miiuy croaker. Gene characterization analysis of mmiIRF7 showed conservative with other fish and inferred that the difference of tryptophan residues in IRF7 may occurred in the period of fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD) or earlier. Syntenic analysis of IRF7 showed that fish IRF7 had more highly conserved synteny than the higher vertebrates IRF7. Luciferase reporter assays result showed the ability of mmiIRF7 for activation of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ and ISRE luciferase reporter. In this study, we systematically and comprehensively analyzed evolution and function of mmiIRF7, which will provide the basis for future research on fish IRF family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that participate in diverse biological processes via degrading the target mRNAs or repressing translation. In this study, the regulation of miRNA to the RLR (RIG-I-like receptor) signaling pathway by degrading the target mRNAs was researched in miiuy croaker. MDA5, a microRNA-145-5p (miR-145-5p) putative target gene, was predicted by bioinformatics, and the target sites from the 3'untranslated region of MDA5 transcripts were confirmed using luciferase reporter assays. Pre-miR-145 was more effective in inhibiting MDA5 than miR-145-5p mimic, and the effect was dose- and time-dependent. The expression patterns of miR-145-5p and MDA5 were analyzed in liver and kidney from miiuy croaker. Results implied that miR-145-5p may function via degrading the MDA5 mRNAs, thereby regulating the RLR signaling pathway. Studies on miR-145-5p will enrich knowledge of its functions in immune response regulation in fish, as well as offer a basis for regulatory networks that are composed of numerous miRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern-recognition receptors which play vital roles in ligand recognition and activation of the innate immune response. As an important member of TLRs family, TLR1 is mainly responsible for PAMPs from bacteria and play a pivotal role in sensing microbial products. Recent studies revealed that TLR1 could perceive LPS stimulation and transfer signals to activate the NF-κB pathway, whereas ligands and signaling pathway of TLR1 are still unclear in fish. Growing evidence has shown that miRNAs (microRNAs) play as negative regulators in controlling the diverse of biophysical and biochemical processes at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we used a combination of bioinformatics and experimental techniques to exhibit that both miR-8159-5p and miR-217-5p were the direct negative regulators of TLR1 in miiuy croaker. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that combining miR-8159-5p and miR-217-5p exhibited a greater negative regulatory effect on TLR1 than only miR-8159-5p or miR-217-5p. Additionally, we also demonstrated that the expression of both the two miRNAs could be up-regulated by LPS stimulation in either LPS-stimulation spleen tissue or LPS-treated cultured macrophage, which indicating that miR-8159-5p and miR-217-5p could be induced by LPS and may be as the negative regulators of TLR1 involved in the immune response to LPS stimulation. These results would enhance our understanding of the miRNA regulation in fish TLR signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) family is a cytokine family which is one of the major signaling molecules family involved in immunity. Six member of IL-17 family cytokines (IL-17A-F) were found in mammals. In fish, all IL-17 family genes except IL-17B and IL-17E have been isolated and identified. Besides, IL-17N is uniquely found from teleosts. IL-17 family genes are widely studied in mammals, but have not been widely reported in lower vertebrates. In this study, we identify six IL-17 family genes (IL-17A/F1-3, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17N) from miiuy croaker, using LPS and poly (I:C) to infect miiuy croaker in order to analyze the expression response to bacteria and virus and expression in normal tissues. Challenge experiment showed that miiuy croaker IL-17 family genes exhibited more sensitive response to the poly (I:C) than the LPS. The expression of IL-17 in un-stimulated tissues showed that different gene has expressed in different tissues. Through the analysis of IL-17 family members exist in various representative species to study the evolution of the IL-17 family, and the result showed IL-17A/F, IL-17B, IL-17C, and IL-17D should be present in early gnathostomes species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, B cell activating factor (BAFF), also known as TNF ligand superfamily member 13B (TNF13B), playing a critical role in enhancing immune responses. BAFF is a central cytokine for B-cell survival, proliferation, maturation and immunoglobulin secretion. In the present study, we describe the identification of the miiuy croaker BAFF (designed MmBAFF) and BAFF-like (designed MmBAFF-like) genes. The cDNA of MmBAFF contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 795 nucleotides that are translated into a predicted 264 amino acids. The ORF of MmBAFF-like consists of 705 bases encoding 234 amino acids. Amino acid sequence comparison indicated that MmBAFF and MmBAFF-like possessed the TNF signatures, a predicted transmembrane domain, three conserved cysteine residues and a putative furin protease cleavage site, which were the typical characteristics of TNF gene in mammals and birds. The predicted three-dimensional (3D) structure of the MmBAFF and MmBAFF-like monomer analyzed by comparative protein modeling revealed that they were very similar to human counterpart. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the locations of MmBAFF and MmBAFF-like genes are conserved among the bony fish. Phylogenetic analysis shows the MmBAFF is most closely related to other teleost BAFFs with the highest similarity to Epinephelus awoara . And BAFF-like cluster get together first to BAFF cluster than three closely related TNF superfamily (TNFSF) members. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis shows the MmBAFF and MmBAFF-like transcripts are expressed in a wide range of tissues with the highest expression in skin and lymphoid tissue spleen. Upon induction by Vibrio anguillarum , their expressions are significantly upregulated in liver, spleen and kidney as compared to phosphate-buffered saline injected control fish. The association of increased BAFF expression after bacterial infection suggests that it plays a potentially important role in immune system of fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome of theCheilodactylus quadricorniswas firstly determined in the present study. The mitochondrial genome ofC. quadricornisis 16 521 nucleotides, comprising 13 protein-coding genes and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 main non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of the light-strand replication). The overall base composition was T, 26.3%; C, 29.6%; A, 27.8% and G, 16.3%. The gene arrangement, base composition, and tRNA structures of the complete mitochondrial genome ofC. quadricornisis similar to other teleosts. Only two central conserved sequence blocks (CSB-2 and CSB-3) were identified in the control region. In addition, the conserved motif 5′-GCCGG-3′ was identified in the origin of light-strand replication ofC. quadricornis. The complete mitochondrial genome ofC. quadricorniswas used to construct phylogenetic tree, which shows thatC. quadricornisandC. variegatusclustered in a clade and formed a sister relationship. This mitogenome sequence data would play an important role in population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the Cheilodactylidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hapalogenys genus was the most controversial and problematic in phylogenetic position of Percoidei. In this study, we rechecked the taxonomic status of Hapalogenys in Percoidei using complete mitochondrial genome data. We purposefully added a new complete mitochondrial sequence from chosen species of Hapalogenys and conducted phylogenetic analyses using a large complete mitochondrial data set. The resultant tree topologies were congruent from partitioned Bayesian and Maximum-likelihood methods. The results indicated that Hapalogenys was distantly related to Haemulidae and could be removed from Haemulidae. The results supported the Hapalogeny was upgraded to a family rank titled Hapalogenyidae, and it should be recognized in a separate family of Hapalogenyidae. A relaxed molecular-clock Bayesian analysis indicated that the divergence times of Perciformes groups had a much older than the available old fossil records. The origin of the common ancestral lineage of Perciformes fish was estimated in the late Jurassic about 149 Myr ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Peroxiredoxin family was a superfamily of selenium independent peroxidases. It was divided into six subtypes: Prx1-4 (typical 2-Cys), Prx5 (atypical 2-Cys) and Prx6 (1-Cys). This study reports the isolation and characterization three 2-Cys peroxiredoxin members of full cDNA and genomic clones from miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy). The genetic structure analysis showed that the C-terminal catalytic Cys positioned within GEVCPAXW. This sequence was different between Prx3 and Prx4, but was conservative in different species of the same gene, the X base was S in Prx3 but G in Prx4. Tissues expression analysis showed that the expressions of Prx3 in liver and brain were much higher than other tissues; the values of Prx4 in spleen, intestine and kidney were significantly higher than others; and the expression of Prx5 in muscle was higher than that of other tissues. Real-time PCR results showed that there were highest values of these three Prxs emerging with the time post challenge of Vibrio anguillarum in liver, spleen and kidney although the highest value time differed from each other and the expression of these three genes also changed with the change of infection time. These results indicated that expression analysis of these three genes play some positive function against pathogenic bacteria infection in miiuy croaker. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The Chinese salamander (Hynobius chinensis), an endangered amphibian species of salamander endemic to China, has attracted much attention because of its value of studying paleontology evolutionary history and decreasing population size. Despite increasing interest in the Hynobius chinensis genome, genomic resources for the species are still very limited. A comprehensive transcriptome of Hynobius chinensis, which will provide a resource for genome annotation, candidate genes identification and molecular marker development should be generated to supplement it. Principal Findings: We performed a de novo assembly of Hynobius chinensis transcriptome by Illumina sequencing. A total of 148,510 nonredundant unigenes with an average length of approximately 580 bp were obtained. In all, 60,388 (40.66%) unigenes showed homologous matches in at least one database and 33,537 (22.58%) unigenes were annotated by all four databases. In total, 41,553 unigenes were categorized into 62 sub-categories by BLAST2GO search, and 19,468 transcripts were assigned to 140 KEGG pathways. A large number of unigenes involved in immune system, local adaptation, reproduction and sex determination were identified, as well as 31,982 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 460,923 putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Conclusion: This dataset represents the first transcriptome analysis of the Chinese salamander (Hynobius chinensis), an endangered species, to be also the first time of hynobiidae. The transcriptome will provide valuable resource for further research in discovery of new genes, protection of population, adaptive evolution and survey of various pathways, as well as development of molecule markers in Chinese salamander; and reference information for closely related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The innate immune system can recognize non-self through pattern recognition receptors. Toll-like receptors were the best-known members of these receptors, and they could sense, recognize, and bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLRs played an important role in innate immune system and were conserved in both invertebrate and vertebrate lineages. Thereinto, TLR9 could detect unmethylated CpG motifs in dsDNA and was expected to undergo coevolution with its microbial ligands. It was known that aquatic and terrestrial organisms dwelled in different environments which contained different pathogens, and they had to adapt to their local environmental conditions. Therefore, we collected TLR9 genes from invertebrate to vertebrate to further explore whether the huge differences between aquatic and terrestrial environments affected the TLR9s evolution between aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Molecular evolution analysis detected positively selected sites in the ancestral lineages of vertebrates, teleosts, and Perciformes but not in the ancestral lineage of mammals. In PAML, site model revealed that extant mammalian TLR9 genes underwent positive selection. However, the positive selection of extant teleosts appeared primarily in Perciformes in which there were 14 positively selected sites. Among these sites, two of them were located on the amino acid insertions of the leucine-rich repeats which could create DNA binding sites, three were found on the convex surface which might possibly affect the flexibility of the TLR solenoids, and six were located on the β-face of concave surface which contained the ligand-binding sites of the TLR solenoids. In other ML methods, we also found three sites under selection that coincided with the codons identified by M8 and these sites were all located in LRRs. The diverse aquatic and terrestrial environments might possess different pathogens to make the living organisms adapt to their local environmental conditions. The positive selection on LRRs in TLR9s of Perciformes might be associated with the adaptation to the rapidly evolving pathogens in the water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play crucial roles in the immune response of vertebrates. In order to study immune defense mechanism of heat shock protein gene in miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy), a cDNA encoding heat shock protein 70 (designated Mimi-HSP70) gene was cloned from miiuy croaker. The cDNA was 2195 bp in length, consisting of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1917 bp encoding a polypeptide of 638 amino acids with estimated molecular mass of 70.3 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 5.55. Genomic DNA structure analysis revealed that the Mimi-HSP70 gene contain no introns in coding region and four SNPs with 373 C/T, 789 G/A, 1005 C/T, and 1185 G/A were detected by direct sequencing of 20 samples from six different populations. BLAST analysis, structure comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicated that Mimi-HSP70 should be an inducible cytosolic member of the HSP70 family. The deduced amino acid sequence of Mimi-HSP70 had 82.4%–92.2% identity with those of vertebrate. A real-time quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the HSP70 gene was ubiquitously expressed in ten normal tissues. Under different temperature shock stress, the expression of Mimi-HSP70 gene in miiuy croaker increased at first and then decreased with the rise of temperature, finally, reached a maximum level in liver, spleen and kidney tissues. Infection of miiuy croaker with Vibrio anguillarum resulted in significant changes expression of Mimi-HSP70 gene in the immune-related tissues. These results indicated that expression analysis of Mimi-HSP70 gene provide theoretical basis to further study the mechanism of anti-adverseness in the miiuy croaker. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The complete mitochondrial genome ofGrammistes sexlineatuswas first determined and studied in the present study. The mitochondrial genome was 16,502 nucleotides that contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and one putative control region. The overall base composition ofG. sexlineatuswas T 23.74%, C 31.05%, A 28.79%, and G 16.42%, with a slight A + T bias of 52.53%. The gene order and composition ofG. sexlineatusmitogenome was similar to the most vertebrate. Meanwhile, a termination-associated sequence (TAS) and the conserved sequence blocks (CSB-2 and CSB-3) were determined inG. sexlineatuscontrol region. The mitochondrial genome would play key role in phylogenetics analysis of the Serranidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genome ofGlossogobius olivaceus(G. olivaceus) was 16,568 bp in length with a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and 2 non-coding region (the control region and origin of the light strand replication). The conserved motif 5′-GCCGG-3′ was determined in the origin of light strand replication ofG. olivaceus. TheG. olivaceusmitogenome base composition was: T 25.65%, C 29.82% A 27.17% and G 17.36%, with a slight A + T bias of 52.82%, which was similar to most of the vertebrate mitogenomes. The mitochondrial genome ofG. olivaceushad common features regarding gene arrangement and tRNA structures compared with those of other bony fishes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, we determined the complete mitogenome of finespot gobyChaeturichthys stigmatiaswith emphasis on the arranged gene order and gene feature with published Gobiidae species. TheC. stigmatiasmtDNA was 18,562 bp in length (56.94% AT), and comprised 37 genes (13 protein genes, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs) that was typical for mitochondrial genome of Gobiidae species. Unusually, the NADH 6 gene was very large in length compared with other Gobiidae species. Mitogenome ofC. stigmatiashad a long putative control region with high AT content (71.28%). Within this sequence, we determined repeat regions, the termination-associated sequence and the conserved sequence block for this region. The origin of L-strand replication inC. stigmatiaswas located in a cluster of five tRNA genes (WANCY). The conserved motif (5′-GCCGG-3′) was also determined at the base of the stem in the tRNA-Cys gene. This study will provide a better understanding of Gobiidae mitogenomes and offer useful information for future studies concerning Gobiidae mitogenome evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The complete mitochondrial genome of Eleutheronema tetradactylum was determined, which was the first complete mitochondrial genome in Polynemidae family. The mitochondrial genome was 16,474 base pairs in length, encoding a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 2 main non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of the light strand replication). The overall base composition of E. tetradactylum is A 27.2%, C 29.9%, G 17.0% and T 25.9%, with a slight A + T bias of 53.1%. The mitochondrial genome of E. tetradactylum had common features about gene arrangement and tRNA structures compared with those of other vertebrate fishes. Two non-coding regions were also determined within its mitogenome. These mitogenome sequence data would play an important role in population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the Polynemidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient and low-cost alternatives to precious metals as electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution (OER), hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen reduction (ORR) reactions is an urgent task to solve the current resource shortage problem. Here, we designed a novel enoki shaped catalyst in which FeNi alloy was grown and P was doped on the top of carbon nanotubes (EM-FeNiP@HCNT). The positive repulsion effect between PDDA and Fe2+Ni2+ made FeNi alloy oriented to grow on the top of the carbon nanotubes. C 18 -L-Glu and pyrrole were used as template and carbon source, respectively. After high temperature calcination, C 18 -L-Glu surfactant template was removed, the hollow nanotube structure was formed, the N element was doped and the FeNi ion was reduced to FeNi alloy by one step. EM-FeNiP@HCNT provides superior HER/OER/ORR performance owing to its specific morphology, porous structure, doped P and the synergistic effect between FeNi alloy and P. The prepared EM-FeNiP@HCNT is capable of driving 10 mA cm−2 at 294 (OER) and −224 mV (HER), respectively. The initial and half-wave potential in the ORR reaction require only 0.90 V and 0.78 V. Moreover, the number of transferred electrons of EM-FeNiP@HCNT in the ORR reaction reaches 3.89. The synergistic effect between FeNi and P atom doped carbon substrates provides high electrocatalytic activity and high stability for HER, OER and ORR, which is comparable to or better than that of commercial RuO 2 or Pt/C catalysts. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculation shows the composite has low adsorption energy (0.80 V, HER; −2.21 eV, OER/ORR). Therefore, the prepared EM-FeNiP@HCNT shows great application potential as a three-function electrocatalyst. A three-function P-doped catalyst with FeNi alloy directionally grown on the top of carbon nanotubes was prepared; it showed high activity for OER, HER and ORR catalysis. [Display omitted] • Novel catalyst with flammulina mushroom-like structure. • FeNi alloy grows directionally on the top of carbon nanotubes. • Synergistic effect between FeNi alloy and P enhances the catalytic activity. • Catalyst has high specific surface area, large pore structure and high catalytic activity. • High catalytic performance for HER, OER and ORR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the further study of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), an increasing number of biological studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are involved in various physiological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, development and disease states. However, unlike mammals, little is known about the role of lncRNAs in the innate immunity of teleost fish. Here, we identify a lncRNA, named LTCONS5539, as critical role in the antiviral and antibacterial response of miiuy croaker and the results showed that lncRNA LTCONS5539 plays a critical regulatory role on TRAF6. Firstly, we found that LPS and poly(I:C) can up-regulate the expression of lncRNA LTCONS5539. Elevated lncRNA LTCONS5539 is capable of increasing the production of inflammatory factors and antiviral genes. Furthermore, the over-expression of lncRNA LTCONS5539 increases the expression of TRAF6 which was confirmed by qPCR and western blotting. On these foundations, we also proved that lncRNA LTCONS5539 modulates innate immunity through TRAF6-mediated immune responses through dual luciferase reporter assay. These results will help to further understand the immunomodulatory mechanisms of lncRNA in teleost fish. • LncRNA LTCONS5539 was upregulated after LPS or poly(I:C) treatment. • LncRNA LTCONS5539 has high conservation in closely related species. • LncRNA LTCONS5539 enhances the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antiviral genes. • LncRNA LTCONS5539 increases TRAF6 gene expression of miiuy croaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulated studies have shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is considered a critical regulatory factor in mammals, with a length greater than 200 nucleotides, and it can participate in gene imprinting, dose compensation, transcription enhancement, and antisense regulation. Most of the above studies are carried out in mammals, and there are very few studies on lncRNA of lower vertebrates. Here, we report a novel lncRNA, LTCONS7822, which can play a positive regulatory effect on antiviral immunity in miiuy croaker, Miichthys miiuy. Our results show that the levels of lncRNA LTCONS7822 were significantly increased after poly (I:C) stimulation. Further study, we found that lncRNA LTCONS7822 could positively regulate MITA at the post-transcriptional level. In addition, the dual-luciferase reporter assay analysis showed that the positive regulatory effect of lncRNA LTCONS7822 on NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways presented the dose and time-dependent manner. Western blotting experiments proved that lncRNA LTCONS7822 has a positive regulatory effect on MITA. Collectively, our study provided new information to enrich the immune regulation network of lncRNA in teleost fish. • LncRNA LTCONS7822 has a positive regulatory effect on the target gene MITA. • LncRNA LTCONS7822 can positively regulate MITA at the level of translation. • LncRNA LTCONS7822 is a positive regulator of MITA involved in the immune response. • LncRNA LTCONS7822 could significantly up-regulated NF-κB and IRF3 pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Scaly hair-fin anchovy, Setipinna taty (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae), is a commercially important marine fish species in China. In this paper, the complete mitochondrial genome of was first determined. The mitogenome (16,887 bp) comprises 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 2 main non-coding regions (the control region (CR) and the origin of the light strand replication). A 195 bp tandem repeat sequence was identified in the CR. This mitogenome sequence data would play an important role in population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the Engraulidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the complete mitochondrial genome of Luciogobius platycephalus was first determined. The genome is 16,478 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 main non-coding regions (the control region and the origin of the light-strand replication). The overall base composition of L. platycephalus is 29.1% for T, 26.7% for C, 29.2% for A, and 15.1% for G, with a slight A+T bias of 58.3%. It has the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Cryptocentrus yatsui was first determined. The genome was 16,584 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 main noncoding regions (the control region and the origin of the light strand replication), the gene composition and order of which were similar to most other vertebrates. The overall base composition values of the heavy strand are 26.0% for T, 29.9% for C, 26.4% for A, and 17.7% for G, with a slight A+T bias of 52.4%. To clarify the phylogenetic relationships of C. yatsui within the genus Cryptocentrus, 18 sequences, which were generated from COI region of six species, were used to construct the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. And we found that C. yatsui was rooted with the other Cryptocentrus species and has a distant relationship with others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemokine receptor (ChemR) superfamily, which is divided into 4 subfamilies (CXCR, CCR, XCR, and CX3CR), is the main receptors of chemokines in innate immune responses. In the current study, we have identified 27 ChemRs in miiuy croaker: 13 CCR genes, 11 CXCR genes, and 3 XCR genes. Multiple characteristics of these genes, including phylogeny, gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosome locations, evolutionary mechanism, and expression levels upon the bacterial challenge were analyzed. Gene structure and location analysis showed that all ChemR genes contain fewer introns (≤4) and they are unevenly distributed on the 12 chromosomes. And the XCR subfamily of miiuy croaker don't have the DRY motif of ChemR. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis showed that these genes experienced tandem and segmental duplication event in several species, and tandem duplication might be the main expansion way in miiuy croaker. The major ChemRs of each orthologous group in vertebrates were selected for molecular evolution analysis, the results of which indicated that compared with vertebrates, ChemRs of teleost fishes may have a relatively high evolutionary dynamic. In addition, a total of 21 positively selected codons were detected in vertebrate ChemRs under Model 8. RNA-Seq analysis and qRT-PCR verification demonstrated that CXCR3.2, CXCR5, and XCR1 genes were up-regulated significantly upon the Vibrio harveyi infection. These results provide valuable information for investigating the evolutionary relationships of chemokine receptor superfamily in miiuy croaker and laid the basis for further functional analysis. • Chemokine receptor (ChemR) superfamily was identified in miiuy croaker. • The XCR subfamily of miiuy croaker don't have the classical motifs of ChemRs: DRY motif. • Compared with vertebrates, ChemRs of teleost fishes may have a relatively high evolutionary dynamic. • Amino acid residues of CXCR3 and XCR1 evolved faster in the extracellular N-terminus and domains. • CXCR3.2, CXCR5, and XCR1 genes were up-regulated significantly upon the V. harveyi infection in miiuy croaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we prepared a novel material of cobalt nanorods@ cobalt-platinum nanoparticles using a facile, green method. We used a hydrothermal method to first synthesize a cobalt nanorod, which was used as a substrate material on which a ZIF-67 MOF structure was controllably loaded, and then, platinum was loaded into the MOF using a redox substitution reaction, resulting in the formation of a new type of nanocomposites, cobalt nanorods@ cobalt-platinum nanoparticles. The composites were successfully doped with a small amount of precious metal platinum into cobalt nanorods @ cobalt MOF by replacement method, which combines the unique structure of cobalt nanorods, cobalt MOF and high electrocatalytic performance of platinum, realizes the organic combination of precious metal-transition metal and effectively improves the electrocatalytic performance of the composites. The novel composites Co NRs@Co 10 –Pt 1 NPs exhibit high catalytic activity and stability for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, Tafel slopes is 25 mV dec−1 in HER and 56 mV dec−1 in OER. This work provides a new idea for the preparation step of novel transition metal-precious metal composites and contributes to the effective improvement of the material's performance in electrocatalytic water decomposition reaction. • Cobalt-platinum nanoparticles coated on cobalt nanorods. • Trace noble metal doping greatly improves electrocatalytic performance. • Nanorod structures and small-sized nanoparticles provide more active sites. • High electrocatalytic performance for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innate immune response is first line of host defense against pathogen invasion. However, excessive activation of immune responses may cause autoimmune diseases and excessive inflammation. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is an important cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptor that is activated on virus infection. TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays an essential role in the RIG-I-mediated signaling pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that are emerging as important regulators of immune responses. In this study, we found that the overexpression of miR-489 mimics and pre-miR-489 significantly suppressed the luciferase activity of the wild-type TRAF6 3′UTR, whereas mutant-type led to a complete abrogation of the negative effect. In addition, we also observed that miR-489 can negatively regulate TRAF6 at the level of translation. More importantly, we demonstrated that miR-489 is a negative regulator of TRAF6 involved in the immune response to poly(I:C) stimulation. These common findings indicated that miR-489 plays a regulatory role in host-virus interactions by targeting TRAF6. Overall, all of the present results provide direct evidence that miR-489 is involved in the regulation of TRAF6 expression in miiuy croaker, which will help to better understand the complex regulatory networks of teleost fish. • TRAF6 is the direct target gene of miRNA-489 in miiuy croaker. • miR-489 inhibits the expression of TRAF6. • miR-489 suppresses the TRAF6-mediated RIG-I signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a new type of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles encapsulated in and loaded on hollow carbon nanotubes (HCNTs) wrapped dendritic carbon layers (DCL) architecture were synthesized successfully by a simple method. In the preparation process, hollow polypyrrole (PPy) tubes were used as the base material, iron phthalocyanine (FePc) was applied as iron and carbon source, and the iron in FePc was successfully reduced to Fe 3 O 4 by the reducibility of hydrogen peroxide which were successfully embedded in the hollow PPy tubes and loaded on the outer wall of the PPy tubes. Meanwhile, phthalocyanine, as a carbon source, was wrapped in the outer layer of hollow PPy. After calcination, a carbon layer coated with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles was formed. Moreover, iron as a precursor catalyzed to take shape dendritic carbon layers structure during high temperature calcination. Ultimately, the novel Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles coated in HCNTs and encapsulated in dendritic carbon layers have been successfully prepared which have a relatively unique morphology and structure by an innovative, green and simple preparation method. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are not only embedded in the interior of HCNTs, but also loaded on the outer wall of HCNTs. Greater specific surface area and better electrocatalytic performance are displayed in acquired 2Fe 3 O 4 @N-HCNT@2Fe 3 O 4 @DCL in oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). In this work, a novel method of metal oxide embedding into void internal structure is developed, and a relatively new morphology is obtained, which provides a new train of thought for the progress of material preparation. [Display omitted] • Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles embedded into and loaded on HCNT with dendritic carbon layer. • A novel structure formed between organic specie and inorganic iron precursor. • Gradient structure formed by competitive cross-linking and polymerization reaction. • 2Fe 3 O 4 @N-HCNT@2Fe 3 O 4 shows high electrocatalytic performance for OER and HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical water-splitting is widely regarded as one of the essential strategies to produce hydrogen energy, while Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials are used to prepare electrochemical catalysts because of its controllable morphology and low cost. Herein, a series of trimetallic porous Pt-inlaid Ni–Fe nanocubes (NCs) are developed with bifunctions of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In the process of prepare the electrochemical catalysts, Pt nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in the Fe–Ni PBA cube structure, and ascorbic acid is employed as a reducing agent to reduce Pt2+ to Pt nanoparticles. In this work, the cubic structure of Fe–Ni PBA is maintained and the noble metal Pt nanoparticles are embedded. Remarkably, the formation of PBA cubes, Pt inlay and reduction are completed in one step, and Pt nanoparticles are embedded by a simple method for the first time. By employing acid etching method, a porous structure is formed on the PBA cube, which increases the exposed area of the catalyst and provides more active sites for HER and OER. Due to the porous structure, highly electrochemical active surface area and the embedded of highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles, the porous 0.6 Ni–Fe–Pt nanocubes (NCs) exhibits excellently electrocatalytic performance and durable stability to HER and OER. In this work, for HER and OER, the Tafel slopes are 81 and 65 mV dec−1, the overpotential η at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 are 463 and 333 mV, and the onset potential are 0.444 and 1.548 V, respectively. And after a 12-h i-t test and 1000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry (CV), it maintained high stability and durability. This work opens up a new preparation method for noble metal embedded MOF materials and provided a new idea for the preparation of carbon nanocomposites based on MOF. Image 1 • Ni 2 [Fe(CN) 6 cube was prepared by simple stirring at room temperature. • Noble metal Pt nanoparticles were uniformly embedded in the cube structure. • Cubes formation, Pt-inlaid and reduction simultaneously realized. • High electrocatalytic performance for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we prepared a nitrogen-doped right-chiral carbon nanotubes @ porous Ni–Fe alloy nanoparticles (N-D-HCNT@pNi-Fe NPs). In the preparation process, a chiral amino acid chain (C 18 -D-Glu) was used as the template, in which pyrrole was polymerized as carbon and nitrogen source. According to the connection between pyrrole and transition metal ions, the transition metal ions were loaded onto C 18 -D-Glu. After one step of high temperature calcination process, nitrogen doping, removal of pore-forming agent, reduction of transition metal nanoparticles and synthesis of chiral carbon nanotubes were completed in one step. Combined with the chiral structure of chiral carbon nanotubes, the high electrocatalytic performance of metal alloy nanoparticles and the high specific surface area formed by the porous structure, the composite obtained high electrocatalytic performance in oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). This study provides a new idea for the application of chiral carbon nanotubes in the field of electrocatalytic energy and a new method for the preparation of composite materials based on chiral carbon nanotubes. • Prepared N-doped right-chiral carbon nanotubes @ porous Ni–Fe alloy nanoparticles. • Pyrrole as C, N sources, P123 as pore-forming agents and metal ions as precursors. • N doping, pore-forming agent removal, metal ions reduction by one-step calcination. • High specific surface area of chiral CNTs and porous structure of Ni–Fe alloys. • High electrocatalytic performance for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A controllable flower-like Pt-graphene oxide (PtNF-GO) architecture was synthesized through layer-by-layer electrostatic self-assembly. Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) micelles were employed as the template and Pt nanoflowers with different sizes were selectively synthesized by controlling the dissolved K2PtCl4 precursor and CTAC amounts in the reaction system. The prepared PtNF-GO was applied for DNA damage biomarker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) biosensing research. With the distinctive flower-like morphology of PtNFs and high electrical conductivity of GO, the PtNF-GO architecture shows excellent electrochemical biosensing performance towards the oxidation of 8-OHdG. A very low detection limit of 0.025 nM is obtained. Moreover, the fabricated PtNF-GO was used for the detection of 8-OHdG generated from the damaged DNA sample, which can be used to evaluate and confirm the mechanism of DNA damage, and it is of great importance in gene diagnosis, clinical and life sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-efficiency and economical electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting are the core component of the renewable energy conversion. Herein, a simple and economical strategy is described to synthesize a series of metal oxide decorated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes materials (N-CNT@Cu–Fe Oxide Alloy NPs) by utilizing carbon nanotubes as the substrate carrier material. Additionally, the polypyrrole (PPy) was served as both the nitrogen resource and the localizing agent to load the Cu–Fe oxide alloy. Moreover, the theoretical and test results indicated that the superior HER and ORR performance is mainly related to the synergistic effect between the nitrogen-doped CNT and metallic oxide alloy. In the series of catalysts we prepared, N-CNT@Cu 1 –Fe 1 Oxide Alloy NPs exhibits more significant catalytic activity and better durability than other catalysts that we synthesized. Meanwhile, the catalyst shows the low Tafel slope of 68.28 mV dec−1 for HER and reaches 10 mA cm−2 at the overpotential of 375 mV. The K–L plot shows that the electron transfer number of N–CNF@Cu 1 –Fe 1 Alloy NPs is 3.43. [Display omitted] • Utilizing a new carbon nanotube as the substrate carrier material. • N-doping and oxide alloy formation can be simultaneously realized. • Polypyrrole as nitrogen source and localizing agent simultaneously. • Electron transfer between FePc and Cu2+ for the formation of metallic precursors. • High electrocatalytic performance for both HER and ORR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the in-depth study of circRNA, more and more biological studies have shown that circRNAs play an important role in mammals, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, development and disease state. However, the regulatory mechanism of circRNA in lower vertebrates remains unclear. Here, we found a new circular RNA and named it circRara. We carried out the experimental study on its antiviral and antibacterial response, cell proliferation and activity. The results showed that circRara had a positive regulatory effect on the antiviral and antibacterial response, cell proliferation and activity in miiuy croaker. First, we found that the expression of circRara could be up-regulated under the stimulation of LPS and poly (I: C), but not the expression of linear Rara. In addition, the increase of circRara can increase the production of inflammatory factors and antiviral genes, which was confirmed by double luciferase reporter gene experiment and qPCR. These results will help to further understand the immunomodulatory mechanism of circRNA in teleost fish. • circRara was upregulated after LPS or poly (I: C) treatment in miiuy croaker. • circRara promote NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways. • circRara enhances the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antiviral genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Signal transducing adapter molecule 2 (STAM2), a member of the Signal Transducing Adapter Molecule (STAM) family, is a protein with significant implications in diverse signaling pathways and endocytic membrane trafficking. However, the role of the STAM2, especially in fish, remains largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that STAM2 negatively regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway, and its inhibitory effect is enhanced upon LPS induction. Our study confirmed that STAM2 can enhance the degradation of myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88), an upstream regulator of NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the UIM domain of STAM2 is important for the inhibition of MyD88. Mechanistically, STAM2 inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting the MyD88 autophagy pathway. In addition, we showed that STAM2 promotes the proliferation of Vibrio harveyi. In summary, our study reveals that STAM2 inhibits NF-κB signaling activation and mediates innate immunity in teleost via the autophagy pathway. • STAM2 negatively regulates the NF-κB signaling by targeting MyD88 for degradation. • STAM2 degraded MyD88 via autophagy pathway. • UIM domain is important for the suppressive effect of STAM2 in MyD88 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interferon-mediated innate immune response is the first line of defense against foreign pathogen infection. Overexpression of MITA can activate the expression of interferon and promote the innate immune response of the body to the virus. These innate immune responses are tightly controlled to prevent the host from over-immunizing itself. In this study, we reported that structurally highly conserved PCNA negatively regulates MITA. PCNA overexpression can promote MITA degradation and block the expression of interferon, while the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA significantly inhibits MITA degradation, indicating that PCNA can degrade MITA through the autophagy pathway. PCNA inhibits interferon production by targeting MITA and avoids excessive immune response. In summary, our results indicate that PCNA is involved in the immune response by degrading MITA through the autophagy pathway, which will provide new ideas for further studies on the regulatory mechanism of immune signaling pathways in lower vertebrates. • PCNA was a negative regulatory gene of MITA in miiuy croaker. • PCNA inhibits MITA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. • PCNA plays an inhibitory role in the poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory response. • PCNA negatively regulates MITA through the autophagy pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function as micro regulators to impact gene expression after multiple pathogen infections, which have been largely studied in the last few years. Although lncRNA studies on lower vertebrates have received less attention than those on mammals, current studies suggest that lncRNA plays an important role in the immune response of fish to pathogen infections. Here, we studied the effect of MIR122HG as the host gene of miR-122 and indirectly negatively regulate MAVS-mediated antiviral immune responses in miiuy croaker (Miichthysmiiuy). We found that poly(I:C) significantly increases the host MIR122HG expression. The increased MIR122HG expression inhibited the production of the antiviral immune-related genes IFN-1, ISG15 and Viperin upon SCRV treatment. In addition, MIR122HG can act as a pivotally negative regulator involved in the MAVS-mediated NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways, which can effectively avoid an excessive immune response. Additionally, we found that MIR122HG can promote the replication of SCRV. Our study provides evidence about the involvement of lncRNAs in the antiviral immune response of fish and broadens the understanding of the function of lncRNAs as a precursor miRNA in teleost fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various physiological and pathological processes at the transcriptional level, thus called novel regulators in immune response. In this study, we used bioinformatics and functional experiments to determine the role of miR-103 and miR-190 in the regulation of IL-1R1 gene involved in the immune and inflammatory responses in miiuy croakers. First, we predicted the target genes of miR-103 and miR-190 through bioinformatics and found that IL-1R1 is a direct target gene of miR-103 and miR-190. This was further confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay that the over-expression of miR-103, miR-190 mimics and the pre-miR-103, pre-miR-190 plasmids inhibit the luciferase levels of the wild-type of IL-1R1 3′UTR. miR-103 and miR-190 inhibitors increase the luciferase levels of IL-1R1-3′UTR. Additionally, we found that miR-103 and miR-190 could negatively regulate the mRNA expression of IL-1R1. Importantly, we demonstrated that miR-103 and miR-190 significantly inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting IL-1R1 upon LPS stimulation. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence for an important regulatory mechanism of miR-103 and miR-190 targeting the IL-1R1 gene, thereby preventing excessive inflammatory immune responses from causing autoimmunity. • miR-103 and miR-190 directly target miiuy croaker IL-1R1. • miR-103 and miR-190 can negatively regulate the mRNA expression of miiuy croaker IL-1R1. • miR-103 and miR-190 inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway mediated by targeting IL1R1 upon LPS stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibitory protein IκBα plays a key role in the inflammatory process and immune response by regulating the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB. microRNA (miR) is a small non-coding RNA that can regulate many biochemical processes, such as cell growth, proliferation, and immune response. In this study, it was first predicted that IκBα is the target of miR-122 through bioinformatics, and it was confirmed by dual fluorescence experiments. Then we found that miR-122 can inhibit the expression of IκBα at the mRNA and protein levels, thereby promoting the p65-activated NF-κB pathway. It is speculated that miR-122 plays an important role in the innate immunity of teleost fish. This study will help to further understand miRNAs regulatory mechanism in teleost fish. • miR-122 targets miiuy croaker IκBα gene. • miR-122 inhibits the expression of IκBα at the mRNA and protein levels. • miR-122 regulates NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting IκBα. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important adaptor protein in innate immunity, TRAF6 is not only responsible for the transduction of signal pathways, but its E3 ligase activity to transfer ubiquitination has also been widely studied. Under LPS stimulation, TRAF6 transfers the K63-linked ubiquitination chain to TAK1, which in turn activates the transcription factor NF-κB and cell signaling factors downstream of the signaling pathway. However, how TRAF6 expression is regulated remains largely unknown, especially in teleost. In this study, we identified hnRNPub as a suppressor of TRAF6 expression. The mRNA level of hnRNPub significantly increased under LPS stimulation, and hnRNPub inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting TRAF6. Knockdown of hnRNPub potentiated inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα,IL-1β,IL-8. Mechanistically, hnRNPub inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway through mediating K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TRAF6. Thus, our findings reveal that hnRNPub limits LPS-induced innate activation by promoting K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of TRAF6. • hnRNPub can inhibit TRAF6 expression. • hnRNPub inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway activated by TRAF6 in teleost fish. • hnRNPub promotes TRAF6 proteasomal degradation by K48 ubiquitination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] CXCR1 and CXCR4 were characterized in Miichthys miiuy. [•] Mimi-CXCR1 and CXCR4 possessed a highly conserved DRY motif. [•] Accelerated evolution in the ancestral lineages of CXCR4 in amphibians. [•] The more positive selected pressures in the N-terminal of CXCR1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel graphene-like nanosheets stacked carbon nanotube structure was synthesized for the first time. • It was found for the first time that hydrogen peroxide has not only reducing property but also decomposing and stripping function. • Lamellar carbon nanotubes are bonded to transition metal alloys. • Large specific surface area plays a greater positive role in product transport and electron transport. • The novel structural catalyst is highly active in HER and OER. In this study, we prepared a novel graphene-like stacked carbon nanotube-supported Fe-Ni alloy nanometer composite material. The cubic structure of nickel dimethylglyoxime was synthesized as the base material. Under hydrothermal condition, FePc was adsorbed on the surface of the nickel dimethylglyoxime cube. In addition, hydrogen peroxide not only decomposes FePc into Pc and Fe2+, but also reduces Fe2+ to Fe. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide was first found could decompose and peel the cube of nickel dimethylglyoxime into a novel type of nanotubes with graphene-like nanosheet stacking structure. After the final calcination, the Fe2+ and Ni2+ were converted to FeNi alloy, and the dimethylglyoxime carrier with its loaded Pc was converted to carbon material. The novel structure has a large BET, which is conducive to electron transport, product transport and provides a large active site for Fe-Ni3 alloy. The composite has high electro-catalysis performance for OER and ORR, which provides a new idea for the study of new energy reserves, energy conversion and reserve materials. This study provides a new idea for preparing novel carbon nanotube-loaded transition metal composites in the field of electrocatalysis. The reducing and weak oxidizing decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was first found could peel off the dimethylglyoxime cube to a new graphene-like nanolayer stacking structure carbon nanotube structure. The prepared materials have high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a string of different proportion trimetallic loaded the N-doped hollow porous carbon nanospheres (N-HPCS@Co Cu Fe NSs) were successfully crafted by a simple and economical method. Herein, the hollow-carbon structure was formed by etching carbon nanospheres. Moreover, owing to the presence of the PDA and P123, high dispersed nano spheres with mesopores were obtained. By this way, the catalyst can expose unique internal cavity and short transport path. Meanwhile, trimetal-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) Co Cu Fe alloy nano spheres (Co Cu Fe NSs) are first prepared. Creatively, PDA acts as the carbon resource, nitrogen resource and metal grafting agent simultaneously. Through a series of tests, N-HPCS@Co 1 Cu 1 Fe NSs has the best electrocatalytic performance and durable stability. This work highlights the current advances of hollow porous carbon structure, trimetallic active sites and N-doping, as well as, endow high electrocatalytic activity and durability for HER and OER. N-doped hollow porous carbon spheres@Co Cu Fe alloy nanospheres (N-HPCS@Co Cu Fe NSs) as novel non-precious metal electrocatalysts for HER and OER. [Display omitted] • Co Cu Fe alloy nano spheres loaded on the N-doped hollow porous carbon nanospheres. • PDA acts as nitrogen source, carbon source and metal grafting agent simultaneously. • N-doping, alloy formation and reduction simultaneously realized. • High electrocatalytic performance for both HER and OER in alkaline media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MyD88 is a critical adaptor in the TLRs signaling pathway, which can activate NF-κB signaling pathway and promote proinflammatory cytokines production. However, the molecular mechanisms that modulate MyD88 expression, especially in teleost, remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that NOP56 serve as a negative regulator of the MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway. NOP56 overexpression inhibited the protein expression of MyD88. Whereas, siRNA knockdown of NOP56 had opposite effect. Furthermore, we found that the NOSIC domain is responsible for the suppressive effect of NOP56 in MyD88 expression at protein level. Therefore, we identified NOP56 as a negative regulator of MyD88-mediated NF-κB signaling by inhibiting MyD88 expression and provided new insight into the regulation mechanism in teleost fish. •NOP56 is a negative regulator of MyD88 in miiuy croaker. •NOSIC domain is responsible for the suppressive effect of NOP56 in MyD88 expression. •NOP56 plays an inhibitory role in the NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inflammatory response is a protective process to clear detrimental stimuli, constitutes the defense against infectious pathogens. Clearing pathogen infection requires appropriate immune and inflammatory response, but excessive inflammatory response can lead to uncontrolled inflammation, autoimmune disease, or pathogen transmission. Accumulating evidences show that miRNAs are important and multifunctional regulators of innate immunity and inflammation. However, in the inflammatory response of lower vertebrates, the miRNAs regulatory networks are largely unknown. In this study, a combination of bioinformatics and experimental techniques were used to investigate the functions of miR-148. IL-1β is a hypothetical target gene of miR-148 predicted by bioinformatics. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment was used to verify the targeting effect of miR-148 on IL-1β-3'UTR. miR-148 inhibits IL-1β expression in a dose-dependent manner at protein and mRNA levels. It is important that miR-148 participates in regulation of LPS-induced the NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting IL-1β. These results will improve our understanding of the regulation of miRNAs in fish on the immune response. • miR-148 targets miiuy croaker IL-1β. • miR-148 inhibits the expression of IL-1β at the mRNA and protein level. • miR-148 inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway by targeting IL-1β. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal catalysts were supposed to be the most likely substitute for commercial noble metal catalysts, and the development of highly active and long-term catalyst for water splitting are the future trend. Herein, Ni rectangular nitrogen doped carbon nanorods@Fe–Co nanocubes (Ni-CNRs@Fe–Co cubes) were fabricated via a facile template-free method. This simple strategy not only realizes the structure tailoring, but also achieves high-quality nitrogen-doping. Specifically, nickel dimethylglyoxime [Ni(dmg) 2 ] with rectangular rodlike structure was firstly synthesized by solution method, then metal-organic frameworks Fe–Co nanocube with different contents were loaded on rectangular carbon nanorods with polydopamine as the locating and the connecting agent, and finally Ni-CNRs@xFe-Co cubes were obtained by a one-step calcination. A series of electrochemical tests were researched on materials with different metal contents in the 1 M KOH solution. The Ni-CNRs@Fe–Co cubes show excellent electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). For HER and OER, the Tafel slopes were 83.3 mV dec−1 and 71 mV dec−1, the onset potential were −167 mV and 1.62 V, and reached the current densities of 10 mA cm−2, the overpotential just needed 196 mV and 433 mV, respectively. This novel synthetic strategy will provide a template-free way for cheap electrocatalysts of non-precious metal for OER and HER. Ni rectangular nitrogen doped carbon nanorods@Fe–Co nanocubes (Ni-CNRs@Fe–Co cubes) as effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution. [Display omitted] • Fe–Co nanocubes were loaded on rectangular carbon nanorods. • Polydopamine as location reagent to anchor Fe–Co MOFs on the Ni-CNRs. • Alloy formation, nitrogen doping and reduction simultaneously realized. • High electrocatalytic performance for both HER and OER in alkaline media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innate immune response is an important response mechanism for the host to achieve self-protection, and it plays an important role in identifying pathogens and resisting pathogen invasion. Growing evidences have shown that microRNA functions as a crucial regulator involved in the host innate immune response. In this study, the regulations of miR-1388-5p to regulate NF-κB signaling pathways via targeting the IRAK1 gene was studied in miiuy croaker. First, through bioinformatics software prediction, we found that IRAK1 is the direct target of miR-1388-5p, and then the prediction results were verified by using dual-luciferase assays. Next, we found that both miR-1388-5p mimics and pre-miR-1388 plasmids inhibit IRAK1 expression by complementing the seed sequence in the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of IRAK1. Finally, we observed that miR-1388-5p could negatively regulate NF-κB pathways through targeting IRAK1. These results provide new insights into the function of miR-1388-5p in fish innate immunity, meanwhile enriching miRNA-mediated regulatory networks. • IRAK1 is the direct target gene of miRNA-1388-5p in miiuy croaker. • miR-1388-5p inhibits the expression of IRAK1. • miR-1388-5p suppresses the IRAK1-mediated NF-κB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is essential to solving energy scarcity problems is that develop the high activity, durable and non-noble metal-based dual-functional electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). In this work, a series of core-shell structure M@Fe–Cu-GR nanocubes (NCs) are prepared. In the prepared process, the bimetallic FeCu prussian blue analogues (PBA) is used as precursor, transition metals ions Co2+ and Ni2+ are introduced into the FeCu-PBA using the exchange of potassium ions with other metal ions, and then the FeCu-PBA are successfully loaded on the graphene oxide (GO) employed the attraction of opposite charges between polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and GO. Electrochemical tests show that the Tafel slope of Co–Ni@Fe–Cu–GR NCs for HER and OER are 60 and 82 mV dec−1, respectively, and Co–Ni@Fe–Cu–GR NCs shows excellent performance in long-term stability test. • Core-shell structure M@Fe–Cu–GR nanocubes (M = Co, Ni) were prepared. • Introduction the metals into the PBA by the exchange of potassium-tannic acid. • The opposite charge attraction was employed to anchor MOFs on the GO. • The formation of core-shell structure and graphene were realized in one step. • High electrocatalytic performance for both HER and OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative splicing is an important basic mechanism for eukaryotes to control gene expression. Different forms of alternative splicing may lead to the production of protein subtypes with different functions, leading to the expansion of protein diversity in organisms, affecting cell production and metabolism, and is even related to the occurrence of many diseases. Many studies have shown that ferritin is usually associated with inflammation, vascular proliferation, and tumors, which is the focus of immunological research. It not only plays a role in iron metabolism and storage in the body, but also plays an important regulatory role in pathways related to immune and inflammatory regulation. However, there are few studies on alternative splicing events of the ferritin gene nowadays. Therefore, this study identified three different splicing isoforms in its ferritin gene fthl27 of Miichthys miiuy through Sanger sequencing, qRT-PCR, and other experimental techniques, and we found that three different splicing isoforms of the ferritin gene fthl27 in M. Miiuy cells showed an upregulation trend after being stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and poly (I: C). The experiment also found that the three isoforms may have different regulatory effects on the expression of inflammatory factors and antiviral immune factors, playing an important role in the innate immune response of fish. • Three alternative splicing isoforms of the fthl27 gene were identified in miiuy croaker. • Three isoforms of fthl27 activate the expression of Inflammatory factor. • All three isoforms of fthl27 may be involved in innate immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Psenopsis anomala (Perciformes, Centrolophidae) was first determined. The mitochondrial DNA was 16,509 base pairs in length. The overall base composition of P. anomala is A 28.4%, C 27.5%, G 16.6% and T 27.5%, with a slight A + T bias of 55.9%. It consists of 22 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and 2 main non-coding regions (the origin of the light strand replication and the putative control region), in which the genes structure and order are similar to most other vertebrates. These mitogenome sequence data would play an important role in population genetics and phylogenetic analysis of the Centrolophidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]