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A lignosulfonate amphoteric flocculant (LDA) is synthesized by graft copolymerization of lignosulfonate with acrylamide (AM) and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC). The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows: reaction temperature is 50 °C, copolymerization time is 6 h, solid content is 20%, initiator mass fraction is 0. 1%, mass ratio of monomer to lignosulfonate is 4 : 1; mass ratio of AM to DMDAAC is 2 : 1. The intrinsic viscosity of LDA is 635.2 mL/g, the grafting efficiency is 99. 2%, cationic degree is 26. 8%. The structure is confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and SEM. Four kinds of waste water are treated by flocculation, and their CODs are up to the standards. And the results show that the flocculant can still hold the good flocculation efficiency under the operating conditions of high temperature and high salt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An effective deacidification of KHCO 3 addition in wine was investigated. • pH adjustment helped to initiate malo-lactic acid conversion in V. amurensis wines. • The addition of KHCO 3 after alcoholic fermentation enhanced wine aroma. • The pH of alcoholic fermentation dominated the level of esters and higher alcohols. • Sufficient malolactic fermentation helps to enhanced the global aroma. To produce quality dry red wines with high-acidity grapes of Vitis amurensis , an experiment was designed to adjust pH during winemaking by adding KHCO 3 at two time points and two pH levels in conjunction with malolactic fermentation (MLF). The organic acids and volatiles were detected by HPLC and GC–MS separately, combing with the color characteristic and sensory evaluation, we investigated the quality of V.amurensis wines under pH adjustment. Results showed that the pH adjustment weakened the wine color slightly but helped to initiate MLF. The low pH value of alcoholic fermentation favored the development of esters and higher alcohols. Higher pH levels promoted a sufficient MLF and enhanced the global aroma levels by 1.14–1.25 times, which led to higher sensory scores. In conclusion, KHCO 3 addition and MLF improved the quality of V. amurensis dry red wines, chemical addition after alcoholic fermentation was more effective for cold regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the nutritional risk in children with severe pneumonia using the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP) and the association between nutritional risk and adverse clinical outcomes., Methods: According to the STAMP score, 216 children with severe pneumonia were classified into high nutritional risk group (HR group; n=98), moderate nutritional risk group (MR group; n=65), and low nutritional risk group (LR group; n=53). Fasting blood samples were collected to measure the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), adiponectin, leptin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol binding protein (RBP). The adverse clinical outcomes were recorded., Results: Compared with the MR and LR groups, the HR group had significantly lower serum levels of IGF-1, leptin, adiponectin, prealbumin, and RBP, as well as a significantly higher serum level of NEFA (P<0.05). Compared with the MR and LR groups, the HR group had a significantly higher proportion of children admitted to the intensive care unit and a significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation (P<0.05). The HR group had a significantly longer mean hospital stay and a significantly higher incidence rate of complications compared with the LR and MR groups (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Nutritional risk screening has an important value in evaluating the clinical outcome of children with severe pneumonia, and children at a higher nutritional risk tend to have more adverse clinical outcomes.

In order to understand the contents, spatial distribution and sources of medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in the soils from Chongming Island, the concentrations of MCCPs in 27 soil samples were analyzed by GC-ECNI-MS. The total concentrations of MCCP8 (sigma MCCPs) in all samples ranged from 2.56-96.3 ng x g(-1), with a median of 7.32 ng x g(-1). All soil samples were classified into two categories by cluster analysis. C14-MCCPs and C15-MCCPs, and Cl5-MCCPs and Cl6-MCCPs were the most predominant carbon and chlorine congener groups in most of the samples, accounting for 29.8% and 28.9%, and 29.9% and 23.3%, respectively. C14-MCCPs were the most predominant carbon congener groups in some samples, accounting for 68.5%, which was similar to that of CP-52. Atmospheric deposition and soil-air exchange were the major sources of MCCPs for soils in Chongming. Soils at a few sites were probably contaminated by sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants (STPs) or other unidentified source. No significant correlations were observed between MCCPs and TOC. The correlation analysis also showed significant correlation among the carbon congener groups of MCCPs, which suggested that MCCP congener groups might have been derived from similar sources. Compared to other studies at home and abraod, the MCCPs concentrations in the present study were at a lower level.

Objective: To investigate the safety of treatment with ophthalmic artery cannulation for intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for children with intraocular retinoblastoma (RB)., Method: In the RB Treatment Center of General Hospital of Armed Police Forces between January 2009 and September 2011, 42 patients who were diagnosed intraocular RB and treated with ophthalmic artery cannulation for IAC, 8 patients were treated 1 circle, 31 patients were treated 2 circles and 3 patients were treated 3 circles (total, 96 times). Each month had IAC once. The ophthalmic and the whole body evaluations were performed during IAC and after IAC for each circle, the blood cell count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (Scr), CK-MB content before and after IAC for 1 circle, 2 circles and 3 circles were determined., Result: (1) In 52 eyes of 42 patients, 44 eyes (84.6%) were in remission. (2) Successful IAC was achieved in all cases, no severe side effects occurred during IAC. (3) The main ophthalmic complications were eyelid edema and blepharoptosis after IAC, the incidence for 1 circle was 18% (2/11) and 9% (1/11); for 2 circles was 29% (11/38) and 21% (8/38); for 3 circles was all 100% (3/3). The rare complications were vitreous hemorrhage and heterotropia, the incidence was all 2% (1/42). The incidence of eyelid edema and blepharoptosis had no significant differences for 1 circle IAC compared with 2 circles (P > 0.05); the incidence of eyelid edema and blepharoptosis had significant differences for 3 circles IAC compared with 2 circles and 1 circle (P < 0.01). (4) No fever, septicemia and other systemic toxic effects occurred. (5) ALT of 19% patients (8/42) elevated temporarily and CK-MB of 24% patients (10/42) increased. The blood cell counts, ALT, Scr, and CK-MB content before IAC had no significant differences compared with that at 24 h after IAC for 1 circle, 2 circles and 3 circles (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Ophthalmic artery cannulation for IAC is a safe and effective method in treating intraocular stage retinoblastoma.

In recent years, water pollution accidents resulting in acute aquatic ecological risk and security issues become a research focus. However, in our country, the surface water quality standards and drinking water health standards were used to determine the safety of waters or not in pollution incidents due to lacking safety effect threshold or risk value for protection of aquatic life. In foreign countries, although predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) or risk value (R) of pollutants were provided for protection of aquatic organisms, the PNECs or risk values were derived based on long-term exposure toxicity data NOECs (no observed effect concentrations) and lack of short-term exposure risk or threshold values. For the short-term and high dose exposure in pollution incident, ecological risk assessment methods were discussed according to the procedures of the conventional ecological risk assessment and the water quality criteria establishment of the U.S. EPA for the protection of aquatic organisms in short-term exposure, and had a case study. At the same time, we provide some suggestions for the establishment of ecological risk assessment system in water pollution incidents.