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Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO 3 −) and nitride (NO 2 −) to ammonia (NH3) is of wide interest as a promising alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch route for mitigating the vast energy consumption and the accompanied carbon dioxide emission, as well as benefiting for the relevant sewage treatment. However, exploring an efficient and low-cost catalyst with high atomic utilization that can effectively facilitate the slow multi-electron transfer process remains a grand challenge. Herein, we present an efficient hydrogenation of NO 3 − / NO 2 − species to NH3 in both alkaline and neutral environments over the Fe2(MoO4)3 derived hybrid electrocatalyst with the metallic Fe site on FeMoO4 (Fe/FeMoO4). The Mo ingredient can play a synergistically positive role in further promoting the NH3 production on Fe. As a result, Fe/FeMoO4 behaves well in the electrochemical NH3 generation from NO 2 − with a maximum NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 96.53% and 87.68% in alkaline and neutral electrolyte, corresponding to the NH3 yield rate of 640.68 and 302.56 mg ⋅ h − 1 ⋅ mg cat. − 1 , respectively, which outperforms the Fe and Mo counterpart and other similar catalyst, showing the robust catalytic capacity of each active site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China in late 2019, which was manifested as fever, cough, dyspnea, normal level of white blood cells, decreased blood lymphocytes, and pulmonary opacities on CT scans. National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China has revised the recommendations on COVID-19 seven times, but there are still many challenges in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. The radiological findings in a proportion of patients revealed diffuse interstitial opacities, mimicking interstitial pneumonia. Thus it is essential to differentiate the COVID-19 from the acute and progressive diffuse interstitial lung diseases in order to avoid misdiagnosis or overdiagnosis. Therefore, our study compared COVID-19 with interstitial pneumonia and tried to explore the differential diagnostic algorithm.

Objective The efficacy of the two teaching methods for EBUS-TBNA was evaluated by comparing the learning curve, diagnostic accuracy, and specimen acquisition for genotyping by operators and so to find a better one for training pulmonologists. Methods The first fifty patients of each operator learning EBUS-TBNA between January 2015 and June 2019 in a single center were retrospective collected and grouped by the operators training methods. The diagnosis, genotyping and clinical characters were reviewed. Results A total of 442 patients were collected and reviewed. There were two training groups: a conventional training group (232 cases) and a simulator assistant training group (210 cases). There was no statistical difference in the diagnostic yield between the groups of trainees. However, specimen from lung cancer patients in simulator training group were more adequate for gene testing than in conventional training group (86.8% vs 71.2%, P＜0.05). By comparing the learning curve among the groups, it was found that the trainees in stimulator assistant training group needed less minimum number of operations to achieved proficiency than in conventional training group. Conclusions Simulation-based training is demonstrated to be more efficient in improving the bronchoscopists'skill in terms of getting sufficient specimen for gene testing. Simulation-based training may also shorten the time needed for bronchoscopists'training and can be applied in the EBUS-TBNA training course.

Conversion of air and water into valuable chemicals of ammonia (NH3) by plasma activation and electrochemical reduction is a promising approach to achieve zero carbon‐emission synthesis of NH3. However, designing highly efficient electrochemical catalysts is one of the key challenges in accomplishing this strategy. Herein, a self‐supported cobalt–tungsten alloy supported on cobalt foam (CoW/CF) is developed via a simple and efficient method at room temperature. Surprisingly, the catalyst exhibits ultra‐high NH3 partial current density (1559 mA cm−2), superior NH3 yield rate (164.3 mg h−1 cm−2), and high Faradaic efficiency (98.1%) under the condition of 0.2 M nitrate/nitrite, outperforming most of the reported values of electrosynthesis of NH3 to the knowledge. The introduction of W makes the Co atom surface electron deficient, which can enhance the adsorption of NOx− and mitigate the excessive bonding of hydroxyl radicals (OH*) generated during nitrite (NO2*) hydrogenation, thereby reducing the energy barrier of the potential‐determining step. More interestingly, a scale‐up reaction system is established, achieving an NH3 yield rate of 4.771 g h−1 and successfully converting the NH3 in solution into solid NH4Cl. The aforementioned progress significantly enhances the facilitation of NH3 electrosynthesis industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambient electrochemical ammonia (NH3) synthesis is one promising alternative to the energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch route. However, the industrial requirement for the electrochemical NH3 production with amperes current densities or gram‐level NH3 yield remains a grand challenge. Herein, we report the high‐rate NH3 production via NO2− reduction using the Cu activated Co electrode in a bipolar membrane (BPM) assemble electrolyser, wherein BPM maintains the ion balance and the liquid level of electrolyte. Benefited from the abundant Co sites and optimal structure, the target modified Co foam electrode delivers a current density of 2.64 A cm−2 with the Faradaic efficiency of 96.45 % and the high NH3 yield rate of 279.44 mg h−1 cm−2 in H‐type cell using alkaline electrolyte. Combined with in situ experiments and theoretical calculations, we found that Cu optimizes the adsorption behavior of NO2− and facilitates the hydrogenation steps on Co sites toward a rapid NO2− reduction process. Importantly, this activated Co electrode affords a large NH3 production up to 4.11 g h−1 in a homemade reactor, highlighting its large‐scale practical feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]