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Objective To investigate the protective effect of 4-hydroxymandelic acid (4-HMA) against neuronal cell injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and brain tissue damage induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) in mice and its mechanism. Methods Primary neuronal cells were extracted and divided into control group (cultured in neuronal culture medium), OGD/R group (treated with OGD/R), and OGD/R+4-HMA group (treated with OGD/R and 4-HMA intervention). After 6 h of cells culture, Western blot was used to measure the levels of protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in neuronal cells of each group, and CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability in each group. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into Sham group, MCAO/R group, and MCAO/R+4-HMA group, with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the Sham group were given an external carotid artery stoma alone, but without middle cerebral artery occlusion. The mice in the MCAO/R group and the MCAO/R+4-HMA group were given MCAO surgery, with the restoration of blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1.5 h; the mice in the MCAO/R+4-HMA group were given intraperitoneal injection of 4-HMA at 0 and 3 h after the restoration of blood flow, while those in the MCAO/R group were not given such treatment. TTC staining was used to measure the percentage of cerebral infarct volume and calculate the percentage of infarct area in total brain volume, and modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) was used to assess the behaviors of mice. Results Compared with the control group, the OGD/R group and the OGD/R+4-HMA group had significant increases in the re-lative expression level of p-Akt and p-Akt/Akt ratio (F=10.49,8.87,tLSD=3.02-3.14,P0.05). The OGD/R+4-HMA group had a significantly higher cell viability than the OGD/R group (F=104.60,tLSD=7.28,P

为实现山桐子油的高效生产，采用高速万能研磨机将新鲜山桐子果实打浆后，利用75%乙醇直接提取山桐子油，以料液比、提取温度、提取时间、pH为考察因素，运用单因素试验和正交试验优化山桐子油的提取工艺，并对其品质进行分析。结果表明：山桐子油的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比10∶ 3、提取温度90 ℃、提取时间2.0 h、pH 3.0，在此条件下的提油率可达88.3%；山桐子油中维生素E、总甾醇、总多酚和角鲨烯含量分别为367.2、3 100、148.7 mg/kg和258.7 mg/kg，且其气味、滋味、色泽、酸值、水分及挥发物含量等理化指标均符合LS/T 3258—2018《山桐子油》成品油要求。采用优化的工艺提取山桐子油高效可靠，且所得产品品质较好。In order to achieve high efficiency production of Idesia polycarpa oil, the Idesia polycarpa oil was extracted directly by 75% ethanol after beating fresh fruit of Idesia polycarpa by high speed universal grinder. The extraction process of Idesia polycarpa oil was optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment with the ratio of solid to liquid, extraction temperature, extraction time and pH as factors, and its quality was analyzed. The results showed that the optimal extraction process conditions of Idesia polycarpa oil were obtained as follows: ratio of solid to liquid 10∶ 3, extraction temperature 90 ℃, extraction time 2.0 h, and pH 3.0. Under these conditions, the oil extraction rate of Idesia polycarpa could reach 88.3%. The contents of vitamin E, total sterol, total polyphenol and squalene in Idesia polycarpa oil were 367.2, 3 100, 148.7 mg/kg and 258.7 mg/kg, respectively, and its odour, taste, colour, acid value, moisture and volatile matter content met the requirements of product oil in LS/T 3258-2018 Idesia polycarpa oil. The optimal process of extracting oil from Idesia polycarpa is efficient and reliable, and the product has good quality.

Because the upper-stage separation of a lifting-body rocket is difficult under the low-altitude and high-speed flight environments, an upper-stage separation scheme based on the separation spring is proposed. The integration of ADAMS and MATLAB realizes the multi-body dynamics simulation analysis of upper-stage separation. The experimental design method is used to carry out the target simulation and calculation of the upper-stage separation process, with the separation condition deviation and the separation spring deviation considered at the same time, thus ensuring the reliability of the separation scheme. In order to further optimize the separation scheme, an upper-stage separation optimization model is established with the Isight software, and the mass of separation spring is optimized with the multi-island genetic algorithm and significantly reduced by 48.87% under the condition that the upper-stage separation process satisfies all constraints, thereby effectively improving the performance of the lifting-body rocket.

Optoelectronic synapses, constructed from 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with atomic‐scale thickness, offer substantial benefits for the development of high‐density integrated artificial neural visual systems (ANVSs). Effective charge capture and retention are essential for realizing synaptic memory function. Although charge trapping is realized by gate‐voltage‐regulated three‐terminal devices or interface‐modulated heterostructures, they involve high energy consumption and complex device structures. Another approach is to introduce material defects by post‐processing methods to trap carriers, but this method inevitably damages the pristine materials and requires intricate fabrication processes. In this study, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is employed to directly introduce Re atoms as point defects into MoS2, which act as trap centers for capturing carriers, eliminating the need for complex device structures or post‐processing procedures. The resultant MoxRe(1−x)S2 nanofilms and nanoribbons exhibit excellent optoelectronic synaptic properties and broadband photoresponse characteristics respectively, due to varying doping concentrations. The optoelectronic synapses based on MoxRe(1−x)S2 nanofilms can simulate human color recognition, attributed to their differential response to varying light wavelengths, and possess image preprocessing capabilities for noise reduction and contrast enhancement. The study provides a simple approach for fabricating optoelectronic synapses, thereby facilitating the integration of 2D TMDs into ANVSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) significantly contributes to global disease burden, while the role of ferroptosis in ICM remains underexplored. Methods: We identified differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DEFRGs) by analyzing the GSE57338 dataset and cross-referencing with FerrDb. Consensus clustering was then used to identify ferroptosis-associated clusters within the ICM samples. A ferroptosis-specific predictive signature was developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method and validated with the GSE5406 dataset. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments were performed to validate the 11 feature genes in a rat ICM model. Results: We identified 15 DEFRGs in GSE57338, which distinguished two patient clusters with distinct ferroptosis gene expression, pathway enrichment profiles, and metabolic characteristics. All DEFRGs were upregulated in cluster 2. Potential therapeutic targets were also identified for different ICM patient clusters. The 11-gene predictive signature (TXNRD1, STEAP3, STAT3, SCL2A1, PLIN2, NQO1, NNMT, IL33, ENPP2, ARRDC3, ALOX5) showed robust predictive power in both training and validation sets. High-risk patients exhibited increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ naïve T cells, M0/M1 macrophages, and resting mast cells, along with significant enrichment in epithelial mesenchymal transition and interferon responses. Low-risk patients had higher infiltration of regulatory T cells and monocytes. Results of qPCR analysis confirmed the bioinformatic analysis, validating the expression of the 11 feature genes in the rat ICM model. Conclusion: We identified two ferroptosis-related clusters in ICM patients and developed a predictive signature based on ferroptosis-related genes. Our findings highlight the importance of ferroptosis in ICM and offer new insights for its diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of computer and automation control technology, robots have gradually entered the field of agricultural production. The application of agricultural robots can improve labor productivity, product quality and working conditions, solve the problem of labor shortage, and promote the intellectualization of agricultural production process. Fruit harvesting is the most time-consuming and laborious part of agricultural production. Since the skin of fruit is relatively fragile, it is easy to cause damage in the process of grasping. Therefore, some flexibility is necessary for the grasping device. As the end of the picking, robot directly acts on the part of the grasping object, the manipulator has attracted more and more attention of scientific researchers because of its light weight, small size, low energy consumption, high flexibility and low cost. Manipulator is the core component of robot, which is installed on the end of picking robot and acting on the object directly. In order to improve universality and flexibility, reduce the damage to the fruits, and shorten the design cycle, the flexible manipulator with simple structure and self-adaptive function was designed to achieve favorable grasp of fruits. The manipulator developed based on 3D printing has the advantages of rapid prototyping, low experimental cost and easy to assemble, etc. Flexible manipulator consists of flexible finger, wrist, base and pneumatic components. Its general action process is opening, grasping, moveing and putting down. However, flexible manipulator combines the two processes of moving and putting down into swallowing, which reduces the execution of the motion and improves the grasping performance and efficiency of the manipulator. Pneumatic components and wrist were printed from flexible materials and the material is thermoplastic urethane and polylactic acid respectively. The wrist is an integral part with flexibility. The use of pneumatic components can achieve the wrist bending, driving flexible fingers self-adaptive deformation to grasp the fruit. The manipulator is placed on the vertical sliding platform of the four-wheel platform, which can move up and down, and the four-wheel platform can move freely in all directions. The single wrist has two rotational degrees of freedom. The kinematics model of single wrist was established by combining constant curvature deformation and D-H coordinate method. On this basis, the functional validation test and safety test of flexible manipulator were carried out. In the safety test, the thin pressure sensor was used as the detection element of the contact force signal between the finger and the grasping object. The experiment results show that the pneumatic components of the flexible manipulator meet the design requirements and the driving wrist is flexible. The manipulator has certain flexibility, and can adapt to the shape of the fruit for self-adaptive grasping. The self-adaptive grasping effect of the manipulator is remarkable, and the fruit skin is intact. Moreover, the flexible manipulator has a favorable self-adaptive function based on the structural design and the complexity of the control system is deduced. In addition, it will provide reference for the design of the flexible grasping mechanism.

Organoids are three‐dimensional cell aggregates with near‐physiologic cell behaviors and can undergo long‐term expansion in vitro. They are amenable to high‐throughput drug screening processes, which renders them a viable preclinical model for drug development. The procedure of organoid‐based high‐throughput screening has been extensively employed to discover small‐molecule drugs, encompassing the steps of generating organoids, examining efficient drugs in organoid cultures, and data assessment. Compared to small molecules, peptides are more straightforward to synthesize, can be modified chemically, and demonstrate high target specificity and low cytotoxicity. Therefore, they have emerged as promising carriers to deliver drugs to disease‐associated targets and could be efficient therapeutic drugs for various diseases. To date, organoids have been used to evaluate the efficacy of certain peptide agents; however, no organoid‐based high‐throughput screening of peptide drugs has been reported. Given the advantages of peptide drugs, there is an urgent need to establish organoid‐based peptide high‐throughput screening platforms. In this review, we discuss the typical approach of screening small‐molecular drugs with the use of organoid cultures, as well as provide an overview of the studies that have incorporated organoids in peptide research. Drawing on the knowledge from small molecular screens, we explore the difficulties and potential avenues for creating new platforms to identify peptide agents using organoid models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geological storage is one of the most important measures to reduce carbon emissions. The newly developed oilfield A in the Pearl River Mouth Basin of the South China Sea is associated with a large amount of CO2 with a purity of up to 95%. Two weakly consolidated sandstone saline aquifers located above the oil reservoir can be used for CO2 storage, but the CO2 geochemical reaction characteristics in the aquifers should be investigated clearly, which may cause significant damage to the physical properties of the reservoirs and caprocks of the aquifers. In this paper, static CO2 geochemical reaction experiments and rock thin section identifications were carried out using drill cuttings and sidewall cores, respectively. A numerical simulation was conducted according to the reactor conditions to explore the equilibrium state of the CO2 geochemical reaction. Through these studies, the characteristics of the geochemical reaction, its impact on the physical properties of the formation, and the CO2 storage potential by mineral trapping in the target aquifers were revealed. The results show that the two saline aquifers have similar physical properties. The reservoirs are mostly made up of fine-to-medium-grained sandstones as quartz arenite with a considerable amount of feldspar, which can provide favorable pore space for CO2 storage, while the caprocks are fine-grained felsic sedimentary rocks that can have a good sealing effect. However, both the reservoirs and caprocks contain a certain amount of carbonate and clay minerals. Mineral dissolution dominates in the CO2 geochemical reaction process, and more Ca2+ and Mg2+ is released into the formation water. The theoretical maximum CO2 mineral trapping capacity in the aquifers is 0.023–0.0538 mol/100 g rock, but due to the dynamic equilibrium of the geochemical reaction, the amount of mineralized CO2 in most of the rock samples is negative, and the average utilization factor is only −55.43%. As a result, the contribution of mineral trapping to the CO2 storage capacity takes −0.32%, which can be ignored. In the future, it is necessary to conduct detailed research to reveal the effect of a CO2 geochemical reaction on storage safety, especially in offshore weakly consolidated sandstone saline aquifers, which could be important sites for large-scale CO2 storage in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]