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Two fenestrindane‐based porous nanographenes containing four polyaromatic macrocycles in a highly twisted, basically S4–symmetric conformation were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Stepwise π‐extension at the periphery of the fenestrindane core by a sequence of eightfold Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling, fourfold Scholl cyclodehydrogenation and another eightfold Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction affords the porous nanographene precursors in good yields. In the last step, fourfold intramolecular Yamamoto coupling generates the porous nanographenes in 17‐18 %‐yield. Their optical and electronic properties were studied by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. DFT calculations revealed structural details of the macrocycles. The surprisingly weak binding of these porous structures with chloride ions (K≈10 M−1) is attributed to their highly twisted conformation. The title compounds represent the first porous nanographenes based on the [5.5.5.5]fenestrane motif and, at the same time, they consist of a fenestrane‐like polyarylene network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of pulmonary hypertension (PH), a well-established protocol to induce severe angioproliferation in rats (SuHx) involves combining the VEGF-R inhibitor Sugen 5416 (SU5416) with 3 wk of hypoxia (Hx). In addition, injecting monocrotaline (MCT) into rats can induce inflammation and shear stress in the pulmonary vasculature, leading to neointima-like remodeling. However, the SuHx protocol in mice is still controversial, with some studies suggesting it yields higher and reversible PH than Hx alone, possibly due to species-dependent hypoxic responses. To establish an alternative rodent model of PH, we hypothesized mice would be more sensitive to hemodynamic changes secondary to shear stress compared with Hx. We attempted to induce severe and irreversible PH in mice by combining SU5416 or monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) injection with pneumonectomy (PNx). However, our experiments showed SU5416 administered to mice at various time points after PNx did not result in severe PH. Similarly, mice injected with MCTP after PNx (MPNx) showed no difference in right ventricular systolic pressure or exacerbated pulmonary vascular remodeling compared with PNx alone. These findings collectively demonstrate that C57/B6 mice do not develop severe and persistent PH when PNx is combined with either SU5416 or MCTP. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: We attempted to establish a mouse model of severe and irreversible pulmonary hypertension by substituting hypoxia with pulmonary overcirculation. To do so, we treated mice with either SU5416 or monocrotaline pyrrole after pneumonectomy and performed hemodynamic evaluations for PH. Despite this "two-hit" protocol, mice did not exhibit signs of severe pulmonary hypertension or exacerbated pulmonary vascular remodeling compared with PNx alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility play important roles in gene expression, but their function in subgenome expression dominance remains largely unknown. We conducted comprehensive analyses of the transcriptome, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility in liver and muscle tissues of allotetraploid common carp, aiming to reveal the function of epigenetic modifications in subgenome expression dominance. A noteworthy overlap in differential expressed genes (DEGs) as well as their functions was observed across the two subgenomes. In the promoter and gene body, the DNA methylation level of the B subgenome was significantly different than that of the A subgenome. Nevertheless, differences in DNA methylation did not align with changes in homoeologous biased expression across liver and muscle tissues. Moreover, the B subgenome exhibited a higher prevalence of open chromatin regions and greater chromatin accessibility, in comparison to the A subgenome. The expression levels of genes located proximally to open chromatin regions were significantly higher than others. Genes with higher chromatin accessibility in the B subgenome exhibited significantly elevated expression levels compared to the A subgenome. Contrastingly, genes without accessibility exhibited similar expression levels in both subgenomes. This study contributes to understanding the regulation of subgenome expression dominance in allotetraploid common carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,5,9‐Tribromo‐2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexamethoxy‐4b1‐methyltribenzotriquinacene, a C3‐symmetric TBTQ derivative, can be prepared conveniently and with high regioselectivity from readily available starting materials. It is a versatile key compound for the synthesis of other chiral 1,5,9‐trifunctionalized TBTQ derivatives and π‐extended congeners in which the bays of the TBTQ skeleton are bridged by vinylene and 1,2‐arylene units. X‐ray crystal structure analysis and UV‐vis spectroscopy show that vinylene bay‐bridging enables better π‐conjugation with the arene rings of the TBTQ core than 1,2‐arylene bay‐bridging does. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate primary treatment and recent survival trends in patients with primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of central nervous system (CNS) from 1995 to 2016. Using the SEER data, patients diagnosed with non‐HIV‐associated primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)–diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) aged ⩾18 years between 1995 and 2016 were identified. The year of diagnosis was divided into the time period‐1 (1995–2002), the time period‐2 (2003–2012), and the time period‐3 (2013–2016). Chi‐square tests, the Kaplan–Meier method, log‐rank test, and Cox regression model were used in the analysis. Overall, 3760 patients were included. Both the use of radiotherapy alone and the application of combined chemoradiotherapy decreased significantly, following the wider use of chemotherapy alone during 1995–2016. There was a significant improvement in PCNSL cause‐specific survival (CSS) (period‐1: 13 months vs. period‐2: 19 months vs. period‐3: 41 months, p < 0.001). Survival of patients aged above 70 years did not change from the time period‐1 to the time period‐2 (p = 0.101). However, there was an increase in CSS from the time period‐2 to the time period‐3 in the elderly patients (period‐2: 5 months vs. period‐3: 9 months, p < 0.001). On multivariable analyses, diagnosed in the time period‐3 was significantly and independently associated with better CSS (hazard ratio 0.577, 95% confidence interval 0.506–0.659, p < 0.001). Our analysis shows the use of radiotherapy in the treatment of PCNSL has waned over the study span. There was a significant improvement in CSS during 1995–2016, which reflected developments in treatment over time. The elderly patient population also gained a significant CSS benefit in the most recent period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]