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Being overweight or obese (OW/OB) during B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) induction is associated with chemoresistance as quantified by minimal residual disease (MRD). We hypothesized that caloric and nutrient restriction from diet/exercise could lessen gains in fat mass (FM) and reduce postinduction MRD. The Improving Diet and Exercise in ALL (IDEAL) trial enrolled patients 10 to 21 years old, newly diagnosed with B-ALL (n = 40), in comparison with a recent historical control (n = 80). Designed to achieve caloric deficits ≥20% during induction, reduce fat intake/glycemic load, and increase activity, IDEAL's end points were FM gain (primary), MRD ≥0.01%, and adherence/feasibility. Integrated biology explored biomarkers of OW/OB physiology. IDEAL intervention did not significantly reduce median FM change from baseline overall (+5.1% [interquartile range [IQR], 15.8] vs +10.7% [IQR, 16.0]; P = .13), but stratified analysis showed benefit in those OW/OB (+1.5% [IQR, 6.6] vs +9.7% [IQR, 11.1]; P = .02). After accounting for prognostic factors, IDEAL intervention significantly reduced MRD risk (odds ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.92; P = .02). The trial exceeded its adherence (≥75% of overall diet) and feasibility (≥80% completed visits) thresholds. Integrated biology found the IDEAL intervention increased circulating adiponectin and reduced insulin resistance. The IDEAL intervention was feasible, decreased fat gain in those OW/OB, and reduced MRD. This is the first study in any hematologic malignancy to demonstrate potential benefit from caloric restriction via diet/exercise to augment chemotherapy efficacy and improve disease response. A prospective, randomized trial is warranted for validation. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02708108 (IDEAL trial) and #NCT01317940 (historical control).

Objective To analyze the relationship between potential targets and signaling pathways of tanshinone Ⅱ A (Tan Ⅱ A) in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) based on network pharmacological analysis, and verify the mechanism of Tan Ⅱ A on AIH by animal experiments. Methods The relevant gene targets of Tan ⅡA and AIH were searched and screened through multiple databases, and the intersection genes between the drug and the disease were selected. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was subsequently constructed with the help of String platform, and the intersection genes were enriched and analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Then, the signaling pathway with the highest number of enriched genes was verified through animal experiments. Eighteen C57BL/6 mice were equally and randomly divided into normal, model and Tan ⅡA treatment groups. The contents of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT and NF-κB were measured by Western blotting and qRT-PCR respectively. Results There were 208 effective targets screened out from Tan ⅡA, and 7 128 target genes from AIH. A total of 174 intersection gene targets were obtained. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that multiple signaling pathways were involved in the pathogenesis of AIH, among which PI3K-AKT signaling pathway played an important role in Tan ⅡA treatment of AIH. In animal experiments, the model group had significantly higher contents of ALT and AST (P < 0.05), reduced mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and AKT (P < 0.05) and elevated mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB (P < 0.05) than the control group. While, Tan ⅡA treatment resulted in decreased contents of ALT and AST (P < 0.05), increased PI3K and AKT levels (P < 0.05) and decreased NF-κB level (P < 0.05) when compared with the model mice. Conclusion Tan ⅡA contains many effective genes that may directly target AIH-related signaling pathways, among which Tan ⅡA may ameliorate liver inflammation in AIH mice by regulating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.

The friction and wear of mechanical parts mainly occurs on the surface of the material, and about 80% of the failures of parts are caused by surface wear.Friction and wear increase the loss of material and energy, and reduce the reliability and safety.Using laser cladding technology to prepare a high entropy alloy coating on the surface of the substrate can achieve a good metallurgical combination between the coating and the substrate, so as to achieve the purpose of improving surface wear resistance.The main factors affecting the wear resistance of the high entropy alloy coating are the mechanical and physical properties of the coating material (such as hardness, plasticity and toughness), defects generated during the cladding process (such as surface roughness, pores and cracks), friction conditions (such as high temperature environment and corrosive environment).In this paper, the influencing factors and strengthening mechanism of laser cladding high entropy alloy coatings were reviewed and summarized.First of all, the influence of laser process parameters (such as laser power, laser scanning speed, spot diameter) and post-treatment processes (such as heat treatment and rolling) on the quality and performance of the coating were explained.Secondly, the influence of component element selection, high temperature environment and corrosive environment on the wear resistance of the coating was described.Finally, the problems existing in the preparation of high entropy alloy coatings by laser cladding technology were analyzed, and the future development trends were forecasted, such as developing new materials based on far-equilibrium material design theory, using electric field-magnetic field synergy or laser-ultrasonic vibration composite technology to improve the wear resistance of coatings, etc.

The survival of pediatric patients with multiply relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia has historically been very poor; however, data are limited in the current era. We conducted a retrospective study to determine the outcome of multiply R/R childhood B-ALL treated at 24 TACL institutions between 2005 and 2013. Patient information, treatment, and response were collected. Prognostic factors influencing the complete remission (CR) rate and event-free survival (EFS) were analyzed. The analytic set included 578 salvage treatment attempts among 325 patients. CR rates (mean ± SE) were 51 ± 4% for patients with bone marrow R/R B-ALL who underwent a second salvage attempt, 37 ± 6% for a third attempt, and 31 ± 6% for the fourth through eighth attempts combined. For patients achieving a CR after their second, third, and fourth through eighth attempts, the 2 year EFS was 41 ± 6%, 13 ± 7%, and 27 ± 13% respectively. Our results showed slight improvement when compared to previous studies. This is the largest and most recent study to date that evaluates the outcome of this patient population. Our data will provide detailed reference for the evaluation of new agents being developed for childhood B-ALL.

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have garnered significant interest as one of the most promising energy suppliers for power grid energy storage. However, the poor electrode/electrolyte interfacial stability leads to continual electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution, resulting in rapid performance degradation of SIBs. In this work, we propose a strategy integrating multiple functional bonds to regulate electrode/electrolyte interphase by triple‐coupling of succinonitrile (SN), sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC). Theoretical calculation and experiment results show that the solvation structure of Na+ and ClO4− is effectively reconfigured by the solvated FEC, SN and PF6− in PC‐based carbonate electrolyte. The newly developed electrolyte demonstrates increased Na+‐FEC coordination, weakened interaction of Na+‐PC and participation of SN and PF6− anions in solvation, resulting in the formation of a conformal interfacial layer comprising of sodium oxynitrides (NaNxOy), sodium fluoride (NaF) and phosphorus oxide compounds (NaPxOy). Consequently, a 3 Ah pouch full cell of hard carbon//NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 exhibits an excellent capacity retention of 90.4 % after 1000 cycles. Detailed postmortem analysis of interface chemistry is further illustrated by multiple characterization methods. This study provides a new avenue for developing electrolyte formulations with multiple functional bonds integrated interphases to significantly improve the long‐term cycling stability of SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep-hole broken roof blasting is an effective method to deal with the rock burst of hard roof, but a large amount of harmful gases are generated after the blasting such as high concentration of CO, which not only seriously affects the downhole air current environment, but also interferes with the prediction of internal fires in coal mines. Based on previous research results, through theoretical calculations and statistical analysis on-site measurement, it is found that 75% of the CO gas generated by the blasting will be discharged into the airflow of the working surface within 1 h and discharged with the airflow after deep-hole broken-top blasting. The remaining 15% will be accumulated or adsorbed in the fractured coal rock body, and will be gradually discharged in 7-9 days with the gas pre-pumping.

CO gas, as a marker gas in the whole process of coal spontaneous combustion, plays a very important role in the prediction of coal spontaneous combustion. However, a large amount of CO gas can be generated under normal conditions of low-metamorphic coal, which interferes with the prediction of coal spontaneous combustion in low-metamorphic coal seam mining area. Coal samples were collected from five typical mines in Gushan Mine in Pingzhuang, Bulianta Coal Mine in Shendong, Daliuta Coal Mine in Shenmu Mining Area in Shaanxi, Zaoquan Mine in Lingwu Mining Area in Ningxia, and No.1 Mine in Dananhu Mine in Dananhu Mining area in Xinjiang. After oxygen isolation crushing treatment, the CO generation law of coal samples in 5 mining areas during oxygen isolation heating process was studied by using oxygen isolation program heating and Fourier optical interference experiment, and the types of active functional groups on coal molecules with or without oxygen separation heating were analyzed. It was believed that carbonyl (C=O), carboxyl (-COOh), ether (-O-CH3) and other oxygen-containing groups on coal molecules were directly related to the generation of CO gases in low-metamorphism coal at room temperature.

Low-metamorphic coal resources are abundant in China. In mining, the CO concentration exceeds the limit of 0.002 4% in areas such as the return corner of the working face without any signs of spontaneous ignition, which threatens the safe production of the mine. In this paper, five materials of cuprous chloride(CuCl), cuprous bromide(CuBr), silver chloride(AgCl), silver nitrate(AgNO3) and copper chloride(CuCl2) are selected as CO absorbent materials, designed the experiment of CO absorption by CO absorbent, and carried out the experiment of CO absorption by single absorbent solution and multiple absorbent compound solutions. Experimental results show, CuCl, CuBr, AgCl and AgNO3 all have different absorption effects on CO, the single CuCl solution has the best absorption effect, while CuCl2 has no absorption effect on CO; the compound solution containing CuCl and the CuCl single solution have little difference in CO absorption, and the absorption effect is better when the CuCl in the solution is excessive.

Pear trees must be artificially pollinated to ensure yield, and the efficiency of pollination and the quality of pollen germination affect the size, shape, taste, and nutritional value of the fruit. Detecting the pollen germination vigor of pear trees is important to improve the efficiency of artificial pollination and consequently the fruiting rate of pear trees. To overcome the limitations of traditional manual detection methods, such as low efficiency and accuracy and high cost, and to meet the requirements of screening high-quality pollen to promote the yield and production of fruit trees, we proposed a detection method for pear pollen germination vigor named YOLOv8-Pearpollen, an improved version of YOLOv8-n. A pear pollen germination dataset was constructed, and the image was enhanced using Blend Alpha to improve the robustness of the data. A combination of knowledge distillation and model pruning was used to reduce the complexity of the model and the difficulty of deployment in hardware facilities while ensuring that the model achieved or approached the detection effect of a large-volume model that can adapt to the actual requirements of agricultural production. Various ablation tests on knowledge distillation and model pruning were conducted to obtain a high-quality lightweighting method suitable for this model. Test results showed that the mAP of YOLOv8-Pearpollen reached 96.7%. The Params, FLOPs, and weights were only 1.5 M, 4.0 G, and 3.1 MB, respectively, and the detection speed was 147.1 FPS. A high degree of lightweighting and superior detection accuracy were simultaneously achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]