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Butterflies are important indicator species for evaluating the impact of urbanization on the biodiversity. In order to explore the relationship among the butterfly community diversity, habitat types, and urbanization in Guangzhou. In 2023, based on the urbanization gradient, six sampling lines were selected from the range of 0-2 000 m, 2 000-4 000 m and 10 000 m away, and were divided into the near-natural plant communities and artificial plant communities according to the vegetation forms within the sampling lines. The line transect sampling method was used to investigate and statistically analyze the species and quantity of butterflies. The results showed that a total of 45 species belonging to 32 genera and 8 families of butterflies were investigated in the six sampling lines, with the dominant species being Ypthima balda. The Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Pielou species evenness index and Simpson dominance index of butterflies in the study area were all near-natural plant community sampling lines artificial plant community sampling lines. The number of families, genera and species, Margalef species richness index, Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiene index, and Simpson index in the community characteristics of butterfly were positively correlated with the distance from the city center and negatively correlated with the accessibility. The Pielou evenness index was negatively correlated with the distance from the city center and positively correlated with the accessibility. The number of butterflies and the Shannon-Wiene index were significantly influenced by human activities. It could be seen that the habitat types and human activities had important impact on the distribution of butterfly species, and the urbanization had relatively significant impact on the butterfly diversity in Guangzhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish rhabdoviruses are harmful single-stranded RNA viruses with high mortality rates which cause considerable economic losses in aquaculture. It is imperative to explore and develop new antiviral compounds against them. In recent years, in addition to inorganic antiviral substances, more than 50 different organic compounds have been confirmed to be effective in the prevention and treatment of rhabdovirus infection and its dissemination in fish. The main types of extracts or agents and their trial designs are here considered for review. This review reveals the reported antiviral activities of extracts from organisms, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, coumarin derivatives, arctigenin derivatives, and other antiviral organic molecules against fish rhabdoviruses, respectively. Additionally, their antiviral mechanisms of action include direct virucidal effects, inhibiting virus-induced host cell apoptosis, the blocking of the viral replication cycle, affecting gene expression and innate antiviral immune responses, and so on. This review also gives perspectives on how to comprehensively explore the potential applications of the candidate molecules, which lay the foundation for the future development of new compounds or strategies for the prevention and control of fish rhabdoviruses in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient visible-light-promoted selenylation/cyclization of o -alkynyl benzylazides/ o -propargyl arylazides have been realized for the practical synthesis of seleno-substituted isoquinolines and quinolines. This strategy provides the synthesis of valuable seleno-substituted isoquinoline and quinoline derivatives via the construction of one C(sp2)-Se bond and one C-N bond within one process.

Background: The association between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and gastric cancer (GC) risk is controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of NSAIDs for GC., Methods: A literature search was performed for relevant studies using the PubMed and Embase database (up to March 2016). Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the effect measures. The dose-response analysis and subgroup analysis were also performed., Results: Twenty-four studies were included. Our results indicated that NSAIDs could reduce GC risk (any NSAIDs: RR=0.78, 96%CI=0.72-0.85; aspirin: RR=0.70, 95%CI=0.62-0.80; non-aspirin NSAIDs: RR=0.86, 95%CI=0.80-0.94), especially for non-cardia GC risk. Moreover, the dose-response analysis indicated the risk of GC decreased by 11% and 5% for 2 years increment of any NSAIDs and aspirin use, respectively. There were nonlinear relationships between the frequency of any NSAIDs use and aspirin use and GC risk (P for non-linearity<0.01), with a threshold effect of 5 times/week. A monotonically decreasing trend was observed only for the frequency of less than 5 times/week., Conclusions: Our results indicate that NSAIDs is inversely associated with GC risk, especially for non-cardia GC risk. NSAIDs use may become a feasible approach to prevent GC.