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Manganese dioxide ion‐sieves are known to be highly efficient lithium adsorbents, owing to their high adsorption capacity and selectivity. However, their manganese dissolution rate during acid desorption is high. Therefore, electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX) was proposed to recover Li+ from brine. Cyclic voltammetry results indicated that ESIX could be applied to capture lithium from the Li+‐containing solutions. Besides, the electrochemical behaviour of Li+ in LiMn2O4/λ‐MnO2 structures was studied, wherein Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ naturally coexisted with Li+ in the brine. No redox peaks were observed between 0.3–1.2 V in the MCl solution (MCl = NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2), and the positions of the redox peaks in the LiCl solution were similar to those in the LiCl and MCl mixed solution, indicating that Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ barely interacted with the λ‐MnO2 electrode under the experimental conditions. Based on the experimental results, the Li+ adsorption capacity was determined to be ∼2 mmol · g−1, and the selectivity coefficients of Li+ for Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were 38.78, 35.63, 29.04, and 120.08, respectively. Furthermore, by using ESIX, the Li+ adsorption capacity of the λ‐MnO2 electrode was 82.8 % of its initial value after 50 adsorption‐desorption cycles. Thus, we concluded that ESIX involving an λ‐MnO2 electrode can be used to separate Li+ from brine with excellent selectivity coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthorhombic-LiMnO2, spinel-type Li1.6Mn1.6O4, and spinel MnO2·0.5H2O were synthesizedvia a combination of hydrothermal synthesisand solid-phase reaction. o-LiMnO2with different stackingfault concentrations were synthesized by controlled hydrothermal reactionusing a KMnO4, MnCl2, and LiOH mixed solution.Spinel-type Li1.6Mn1.6O4precursorwas prepared via heat treatment of o-LiMnO2. The effectsof hydrothermal and solid-phase reaction on the structure and ion-exchangeproperties were examined with powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electronmicroscopy, and Li+selective adsorption measurements.The results showed that stacking fault concentration of o-LiMnO2affects the adsorption properties of Li1.6Mn1.6O4. Li+adsorption capacity reached6.06 mmol·g–1at equilibrium. Distributioncoefficients of metal ions were in the order Li+≫Na+> Mg2+> K+> Ca2+and were significant for Li+extraction fromlow gradebrine. The equilibrium uptake of Li+from salt lake brineremained at 3.62 mmol·g–1after six cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inner Mongolia autonomous region of China and Mongolia are the primary regions where Chinese and Mongolian medicine and its medicinal plant resources are distributed. In this study, 133 families, 586 genera, and 1 497 species of medicinal plants in Inner Mongolia as well as 62 families, 261 genera, and 467 species of medicinal plants in Mongolia were collected through field investigation, specimen collection and identification, and literature research. And the species, geographic distribution, and influencing factors of the above medicinal plants were analyzed. The results revealed that there were more plant species utilized for medicinal reasons in Inner Mongolia than in Mongolia. Hotspots emerged in Hulunbuir, Chifeng, and Tongliao of Inner Mongolia, while there were several hotspots in Eastern province, Sukhbaatar province, Gobi Altai province, Bayankhongor province, Middle Gobi province, Kobdo province, South Gobi province, and Central province of Mongolia. The interplay of elevation and climate made a non-significant overall contribution to the diversity of plant types in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia. The contribution of each factor increased significantly when the vegetation types of Inner Mongolia and Mongolia were broadly divided into forest, grassland and desert. Thus, the distribution of medicinal plant resources and vegetation cover were jointly influenced by a variety of natural factors such as topography, climate and interactions between species, and these factors contributed to and constrained each other. This study provided reference for sustainable development and rational exploitation of medicinal plant resources in future.

Objective: To study the possibility of hyaluronic acid as densifier of Shuanguangliao eye-drops., Method: The factors related with hyaluronic acid s viscosity, such as pH-value and storing temperature, are tested in this experiment. At the same time, we checked the stimulation, stability of the densifier., Result: There was not effect on viscosity of pH-value and storing temperature. No stimulation on the eye was found after densified with hyaluronic acid. The viscosity properties of hyaluronic acid are stablile., Conclusion: The hyaliuronic acid added to Shuanghuanglian eye-drops are stabiliable and it can be applied in eye-drops. The increased viscosity is benefit to extend the residence time of drug in eye.