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The purpose of our present study was to explore the characteristics and outcomes of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients with severe postoperative hyperbilirubinemia.

Xerostomia is a self-conscious symptom. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) promotes pro-inflammatory effects in many diseases. This study aimed to clarify the role of HMGB1 in Sjogren syndrome (SS)-triggered xerostomia. Nonobese diabetic (NOD)/Ltj mice were used to establish an SS-triggered xerostomia model. The results showed that saliva production was decreased and anti-Sjogren syndrome B (anti-SSB) level was increased in SS. PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry experiments indicated that the HMGB1 and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) levels were enhanced and diminished in SS compared with those in the control, respectively. While the mice were treated with anti-HMGB1, xerostomia was reversed due to the elevated saliva production and reduced anti-SSB level. In addition, it was found that the inhibition of HMGB1 restrained the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-[kappa]B) axis activation. The TLR4 and p-I[kappa]B levels were alleviated, while the I[kappa]B[alpha] and NF-[kappa]B p65 levels were augmented. The NF-[kappa]B p65 binding activity was attenuated via the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) after anti-HMGB1 treatment. Moreover, the repression of HMGB1 facilitated the expression of AQP5. These findings demonstrate that suppression of HMGB1 ameliorates SS-triggered xerostomia via suppressing the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-[kappa]B signaling pathway and upregulating AQP5 expression. Key words: high-mobility group box 1, AQP5, xerostomia, TLR4, NF-[kappa]B. La xerostomie est un symptome embarrassant. Le HMGB1 (pour << high-mobility group box 1 >>) favorise des effets pro-inflammatoires dans bien des maladies. Cette etude visait a clarifier le role du HMGB1 dans la xerostomie entrainee par le syndrome de Sjogren (SS). Nous avons obtenu un modele de xerostomie entrainee par le SS a l'aide de la souris diabetique non obese (NOD)/Ltj. Les resultats ont montre une diminution de la production de salive avec une augmentation des taux d'anti-SSB (pour << anti- Sjogren syndrome B >>) dans le groupe SS. Les experiences de PCR, d'immunobuvardage de Western et d'immunohistochimie ont montre une augmentation des taux de HMGB1 et une diminution des taux d'aquaporine 5 (AQP5) plus marquees dans le groupe SS que chez les temoins. Avec l'administration d'anti-HMGB1 aux souris, nous avons observe une inversion de la xerostomie par une augmentation de la production de salive et une diminution des taux d'anti-SSB. De plus, nous avons observe que l'inhibition du HMGB1 permettait d'inhiber l'axe d'activation TLR4 (pour << toll-like receptor 4 >>)/facteur nucleaire kappa B (NF-[kappa]B). Les taux de TLR4 et de p-I[kappa]B diminuaient tandis que les taux d'lKB[alpha] et de NF-[kappa]B p65 augmentaient. Le retard sur gel (ou EMSA pour << electrophoretic mobility shift assay >>) montrait que l'activite de liaison du NF-[kappa]B p65 s'attenuait apres l'administration d'anti-HMGB1. De plus, l'inhibition du HMGB1 permettait de faciliter l'expression de l'AQP5. Ces resultats montrent que l'inhibition du HMGB1 permet d'attenuer la xerostomie entrainee par le SS par l'intermediaire de l'inhibition de la voie de signalisation HMGB1/TLR4/NF-[kappa]B et de la regulation a la hausse de l'expression de l'AQP5. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: high-mobility group box 1, AQP5, xerostomie, TLR4, NF-[kappa]B., Introduction Xerostomia is a symptom of self-consciousness, not an independent disease (Tanasiewicz et al. 2016). The prevalence of xerostomia in the population is about 10%-46% and increases with age (Sreebny [...]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex clinical syndrome with a poor short-term prognosis, which increases the risk of the development of chronic kidney diseases and end-stage kidney disease. However, the underlying mechanism of AKI remains to be fully elucidated, and effective prevention and therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Given the enormous energy requirements for filtration and absorption, the kidneys are rich in mitochondria, which are unsurprisingly involved in the onset or progression of AKI. Accumulating evidence has recently documented that Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), one of the most prominent deacetylases highly expressed in the mitochondria, exerts a protective effect on AKI. SIRT3 protects against AKI by regulating energy metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation, ameliorating apoptosis, inhibiting early-stage fibrosis and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Besides, a number of SIRT3 activators have exhibited renoprotective properties both in animal models and in vitro experiments, but have not yet been applied to clinical practice, indicating a promising therapeutic approach. In this review, we unravel and summarize the recent advances in SIRT3 research and the potential therapy of SIRT3 activators in AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heparin anticoagulation (HA) is commonly employed for membrane therapeutic plasma exchange (mTPE). However, for patients with increased bleeding risk, there were controversial opinions on the use of HA versus regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) for mTPE. Our present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HA vs. RCA for mTPE in patients with increased bleeding risk. Patients with increased bleeding risk who underwent mTPE between 2014 and 2021 in our center were screened. Observations of anticoagulation efficacy and safety were used as the study endpoints. A total of 108 patients with 368 mTPE sessions were included. Of the included patients, 38 and 70 received HA and RCA mTPE, respectively. There was no significant difference in the clotting of extracorporeal circuits between the HA and RCA groups (4.1% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.605). More bleeding episodes were observed in the HA group compared to the RCA group (16.4% vs. 4.4% mTPE sessions, p < 0.001). The frequency of postoperative transfusion within 24 h (11% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.007) was significantly different in the HA and RCA group. Anticoagulation strategy (HA vs. RCA; OR 5.659, 95%CI 2.266–14.129; p < 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (prior treatment, OR 1.052, 95%CI 1.019–1.086; p = 0.002) were independent risk factors of bleeding episodes. At the end of mTPE treatment, the incidence of metabolic alkalosis (16.7% vs. 54.1%, p = 0.027) and hypocalcemia (41.7% vs. 89.2%, p = 0.001) was significantly different in the HA (n = 5, 12 sessions) and RCA (n = 22, 74 sessions) groups, respectively. RCA is as effective as HA for mTPE. However, for patients with increased bleeding risk, RCA is associated with a lower risk of bleeding, compared with HA. With careful monitoring and timely adjustment, RCA most likely is a safe and effective anticoagulation option for mTPE in patients with increased bleeding risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]