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23. Effect of Dietary Sugarcane Bagasse on Reproductive Performance, Constipation, and Gut Microbiota of Gestational Sows.

Author

Huang, Rong-Hui, Zhang, Bing-Bing, Wang, Juan, Zhao, Wei, Huang, Yu-Xuan, Liu, Ying, Sun, Lv-Hui, and Deng, Zhang-Chao

Subjects
FEED analysis, RICE bran, SHORT-chain fatty acids, GUT microbiome, ANIMAL feeds, WHEAT bran, RICE hulls
Abstract

Simple Summary: Sugarcane bagasse (SB), one of the more unconventional feedstuffs, is a processed agricultural and industrial by product. Our results show that SB contains higher levels of crude fiber (42.1%) and neutral detergent fiber (81.3%) than soybean hulls, and it also exhibited the highest volumetric expansion when soaked in water (50 g expanding to 389.8 mL) compared to the other six materials we tested (vegetable scraps, soybean hulls, wheat bran, rice bran meal, rice bran, and corn DDGS). Meanwhile, previous studies have reported that SB is worth being developed and utilized as a pig feedstuff, which could effectively alleviate the shortage of feed resources in the swine industry. In the present study, we explored the effects of SB on the reproductive performance, constipation, and gut microbiota of gestational sows. Our results showed that dietary supplementation of 5% SB can be used as an equivalent substitute for soybean hulls to improve the reproductive performance of sows without affecting their gut microbiota. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of using sugarcane bagasse (SB) as a substitute for soybean hulls and wheat bran in the diet of pregnant sows on their reproductive performance and gut microbiota. A total of seventy-two primiparous sows were randomly divided into four treatment groups, with eighteen replicates of one sow each. The sows were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0% (CON), 5%, 10%, and 15% SB to replace soybean hulls from day 57 of gestation until the day of the end of the gestation period. The results showed that SB contains higher levels of crude fiber (42.1%) and neutral detergent fiber (81.3%) than soybean hulls, and it also exhibited the highest volumetric expansion when soaked in water (50 g expanding to 389.8 mL) compared to the other six materials we tested (vegetable scraps, soybean hulls, wheat bran, rice bran meal, rice bran, and corn DDGS). Compared with the CON, 5% SB significantly increased the litter birth weight of piglets. Meanwhile, 10% and 15% SB significantly increased the rates of constipation and reduced the contents of isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in feces. Furthermore, 10% and 15% SB significantly disturbed gut microbial diversity with increasing Streptococcus and decreasing Prevotellaceae_NK3B31-group and Christensenellaceae_R-7-group genera in feces. Interestingly, Streptococcus had a significant negative correlation with isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, and fecal score, while Prevotellaceae_NK3B31-group and Christensenellaceae_R-7-group had a positive correlation with them. In conclusion, our study indicates that 5% SB can be used as an equivalent substitute for soybean hulls to improve the reproductive performance of sows without affecting their gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. AP-1 and SP1 trans-activate the expression of hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 in the bioactivation of AFB1 in chicken.

Author

Deng, Jiang, Yang, Jia-Cheng, Feng, Yue, Xu, Ze-Jing, Kuča, Kamil, Liu, Meng, and Sun, Lv-Hui

Abstract

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is harmful to the health and performance of domestic animals. The hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs), CYP1A1 and CYP2A6, are the primary enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1 to the highly toxic exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) in chicks. However, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of these CYP genes in the liver of chicks in AFB1 metabolism remains unknown. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, bioinformatics and site-directed mutation results indicated that specificity protein 1 (SP1) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) motifs were located in the core region −1,063/−948, −606/−541 of the CYP1A1 promoter as well as −636/−595, −503/−462, −147/−1 of the CYP2A6 promoter. Furthermore, overexpression and decoy oligodeoxynucleotide technologies demonstrated that SP1 and AP-1 were pivotal transcriptional activators regulating the promoter activity of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6. Moreover, bioactivation of AFB1 to AFBO could be increased by upregulation of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 expression, which was trans-activated owing to the upregulalion of AP-1, rather than SP1, stimulated by AFB1-induced reactive oxygen species. Additionally, nano-selenium could reduce ROS, downregulate AP-1 expression and then decrease the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6, thus alleviating the toxicity of AFB1. In conclusion, AP-1 and SP1 played important roles in the transactivation of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 expression and further bioactivated AFB1 to AFBO in chicken liver, which could provide novel targets for the remediation of aflatoxicosis in chicks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Optimum doses and forms of selenium maintaining reproductive health via regulating homeostasis of gut microbiota and testicular redox, inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptosis in roosters

Author

Yan, Yi-Qin, primary, Liu, Meng, additional, Xu, Ze-Jing, additional, Xu, Zi-Jian, additional, Huang, Yu-Xuan, additional, Li, Xiao-Min, additional, Chen, Chao-Jiang, additional, Zuo, Gang, additional, Yang, Jia-Cheng, additional, Lei, Xin Gen, additional, and Sun, Lv-Hui, additional

Published
2023
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40. AP-1 and SP1 trans-activate the expression of hepatic CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 in the bioactivation of AFB1in chicken

Author

Deng, Jiang, Yang, Jia-Cheng, Feng, Yue, Xu, Ze-Jing, Kuča, Kamil, Liu, Meng, and Sun, Lv-Hui

Abstract

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1(AFB1) is harmful to the health and performance of domestic animals. The hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs), CYP1A1 and CYP2A6, are the primary enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of AFB1to the highly toxic exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) in chicks. However, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of these CYP genes in the liver of chicks in AFB1metabolism remains unknown. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, bioinformatics and site-directed mutation results indicated that specificity protein 1 (SP1) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) motifs were located in the core region −1,063/−948, −606/−541 of the CYP1A1promoter as well as −636/−595, −503/−462, −147/−1 of the CYP2A6promoter. Furthermore, overexpression and decoy oligodeoxynucleotide technologies demonstrated that SP1 and AP-1 were pivotal transcriptional activators regulating the promoter activity of CYP1A1and CYP2A6. Moreover, bioactivation of AFB1to AFBO could be increased by upregulation of CYP1A1and CYP2A6expression, which was trans-activated owing to the upregulalion of AP-1, rather than SP1, stimulated by AFB1-induced reactive oxygen species. Additionally, nano-selenium could reduce ROS, downregulate AP-1 expression and then decrease the expression of CYP1A1and CYP2A6, thus alleviating the toxicity of AFB1. In conclusion, AP-1 and SP1 played important roles in the transactivation of CYP1A1 and CYP2A6 expression and further bioactivated AFB1to AFBO in chicken liver, which could provide novel targets for the remediation of aflatoxicosis in chicks.

Published
2024
Full Text
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