Search

Abortion behaviors among individuals with mental disorders presented major obstacles to women's health. However, few studies reported the prevalence and associated factors of abortion among women with severe mental disorders in China. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of abortion among female patients in rural communities and identify potential health risks. This was a cross-sectional study of 276 women aged 18 years and older with severe mental disorders in rural areas of Shandong Province, China. The pregnancy history, abortion history and socio-demographic characteristics of women were investigated by questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the associated factors for different abortion behaviors. The study showed that 82.61 % (228/276) of patients had a pregnancy history. Among the patients with a pregnancy history, 43.42 % (99/228) reported having had at least one abortion, and 15.79 % (36/228) had more than one. In the other side, 31.58 % (72/228) of them experienced spontaneous abortion, while 12.72 % (29/228) experienced induced abortion. Age at first gestation (aOR 0.80, 95 % CI 0.70–0.90) and age at last gestation (aOR 1.17, 95 % CI 1.07–1.27) were both associated with abortion. Anxiety was related to spontaneous (aOR 1.08, 95 % CI 1.02–1.15) and repeat abortions (aOR 1.10, 95 % CI 1.01–1.19). In addition, religion (aOR 10.47, 95 % CI 2.81–39.01), number of children≥2 (aOR 0.18, 95 % CI 0.04–0.77), and family functioning (aOR 1.31, 95 % CI 1.06–1.63) were associated with induced abortion. Women with severe mental disorders in rural regions have notably higher rates of abortion compared to the general female population, particularly for spontaneous abortions. Gestational age and anxiety of pregnant patients deserve attention and preventive measures to avoid the outcomes of abortion. • The prevalence of spontaneous abortion in SMDs patients was 31.58%, and the prevalence of induced abortion was 12.72%. • There were 15.79% of women with SMDs who reported having two or more abortions. • Patients with better family functioning were more likely to have an induced abortion than those with poorer. • Gestational age and anxiety symptoms were significantly associated with abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni60-WC coatings with different WC contents on the bucket tooth substrates were pre- pared using laser cladding technology. Their abrasive wear properties were assessed using the dry sand rubber wheel test system. The substrate and the hard-facing layer were tested for comparison. The results showed that the hardness of the Ni60-WC coatings increased with the increase in WC content. The wear resistance of the bucket tooth substrate was greatly improved by hard-facing and laser cladding Ni60-WC coatings. The wear rate of the hard-facing layer was reduced to 1/6 of that of the tooth substrate. The wear rate of the laser cladding coatings with 20–40 wt.% WC was similar to that of the hard-facing layer. It is worth mentioning that the wear rate of the coatings with 60–80 wt.% WC was only 1/4 of that of the hard-facing layer. Micro-cutting with surface plastic deformation was the main wear mechanism of the substrate to form narrow and deep furrows. The wear mechanism of the hard-facing layer was mainly plastic deformation with a wide groove, and the surface cracks promoted the removal of the material. The removal of the binder phase caused by micro-cutting was the main wear mechanism of the laser cladding Ni60-WC coatings. However, the hard phase of WC hinders micro-cutting and plastic deformation, which improves the wear resistance of the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emodin is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative with a variety of pharmacologic effects, but its role and regulatory mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain to be investigated. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the effect of emodin on CRC cells. A gradient of emodin and long noncoding RNA HCP5 overexpression plasmid/small interfering RNA targeting HCP5 (siHCP5) were used for treating CRC cells. Expression levels of RNAs and proteins were detected by utilizing quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The viability, migration, and invasion of CRC cells were tested via cell counting kit‐8, wound healing, and Transwell assays. In HT29 and HCT116 cells, the viability, migration, and invasion, along with HCP5 expression, were suppressed by emodin in a dose‐dependent manner. HCP5 overexpression elevated the viability, migration as well as invasion, and up‐regulated N‐cadherin, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 levels, while reducing E‐cadherin expression. Nevertheless, silencing of HCP5 inhibited the viability, migration as well as invasion, and down‐regulated N‐cadherin, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression levels, while increasing E‐cadherin expression. Additionally, the promoting role of HCP5 overexpression in CRC cells was reversed by emodin, while the suppressive role of siHCP5 was enhanced by emodin in CRC cells. Our study indicates that emodin is a promising agent to inhibit CRC progression through suppression of HCP5 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study attempted to explore the effects of sleep deprivation on the visual search patterns and hazard response times of taxi drivers when they encountered different types of hazards. A two (driver groups: sleep deprivation or control) × two (hazard types: covert hazard or overt hazard) mixed experimental design was employed. A total of 60 drivers were recruited, half of whom were in the sleep-deprived group and half of whom were in the control group. A validated video-based hazard perception test that either contained covert hazards (12 video clips) or overt hazards (12 video clips) filmed from the drivers' perspective was presented to participants. Participants were instructed to click the left mouse button quickly once they detected a potentially dangerous situation that could lead to an accident. Participants' response time and eye movements relative to the hazards were recorded. The sleep-deprived group had a significantly longer response time and took a longer time to first fixate on covert hazards than the control group, while they had a shorter response time to overt hazards than the control group. The first fixation duration of sleep-deprived drivers was longer than that of the control group for overt hazards, while the duration of the first fixation of the two driver groups was similar for covert hazards. Sleep deprivation affects the visual search patterns and response times to hazards, and the adverse effects of sleep deprivation were worse in relation to covert hazards. The findings have some implications for classifying and evaluating high-risk taxi drivers whose hazard perception ability might be affected by insufficient sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Driving style correlated positively with traffic violations and crashes retrospectively and prospectively. • Higher scores on risky and angry driving styles were associated with more crashes in the following 12 months. • The predictive validity of bus drivers' driving styles on crash involvement is confirmed. The Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI, Taubman-Ben-Ari et al., 2004) is a widely used instrument that assesses private car drivers' driving styles. However, a key validity check for the MDSI is whether the measurement of driving style is associated with drivers' crash liability. A one-year follow-up study was conducted, and one thousand bus drivers were randomly recruited from three cities (Hangzhou, Beijing and Bazhong) in China. The participants were asked to complete the Chinese version of the MDSI and a demographic questionnaire, and they needed to report their traffic violation history 12 months after the survey. Violation history data only included traffic violations and crashes that were caused by the study participants rather than other road users. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the factorial structure of the MDSI. The relationships between the MDSI and traffic violation history over the previous 12 months and driving patterns over the 12 months immediately following the survey were investigated. CFA results show that the model fitness of the MDSI for bus drivers is acceptable. Both drivers' traffic violations and crashes over the previous 12 months and driving patterns over the following 12 months were positively correlated with dissociative, risky and angry styles and negatively correlated with a careful style. Cluster analysis results show three clusters, with one unsafe driver group characterized by higher scores on dissociative, anxious, risky and angry styles and lower scores on careful driving styles. The number of drivers with traffic violations or crashes in the unsafe cluster is significantly higher than those in the other two clusters. More importantly, drivers in the unsafe cluster experience more traffic violations and crashes over the following 12 months than the other two driver clusters. The findings of the present study not only provide a reliable and valid instrument for assessing bus drivers' driving styles but also show valid evidence for the predictive validity of the MDSI in measuring bus drivers' crash involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important representation of scenes in virtual reality and augmented reality, image stitching aims to generate a panoramic image with a natural field-of-view by stitching multiple images together, which are captured by different visual sensors. Existing deep-learning-based methods for image stitching only conduct a single deep homography to perform image alignment, which may produce inevitable alignment distortions. To address this issue, we propose a content-seam-preserving multi-alignment network (CSPM-Net) for visual-sensor-based image stitching, which could preserve the image content consistency and avoid seam distortions simultaneously. Firstly, a content-preserving deep homography estimation was designed to pre-align the input image pairs and reduce the content inconsistency. Secondly, an edge-assisted mesh warping was conducted to further align the image pairs, where the edge information is introduced to eliminate seam artifacts. Finally, in order to predict the final stitched image accurately, a content consistency loss was designed to preserve the geometric structure of overlapping regions between image pairs, and a seam smoothness loss is proposed to eliminate the edge distortions of image boundaries. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed image-stitching method can provide favorable stitching results for visual-sensor-based images and outperform other state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The reliability and validity of the RDHS was examined in young Chinese drivers. • A 10-item RDHS was obtained with satisfactory reliability. • Significant associations were found between RDHS and personality traits. • Reckless driving predicted violation involvement and accident involvement. The aims of the present study were to adapt the Reckless Driving Habits Scale (RDHS, Taubman-Ben-Ari et al., 2004) to a sample of young Chinese drivers and to examine its relationships with personality traits and traffic accidents. Four hundred fifty young drivers aged 18–25 years agreed to participate in this study and completed questionnaires assessing their reckless driving behaviours, personality traits (trait anger, sensation seeking, altruism and normlessness) and social desirability. The results of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a 10-item scale with satisfactory reliability (0.889). The validity of the scale was supported by the significant correlations between reckless driving behaviours and personality traits. The drivers who scored higher on reckless driving behaviours were male and younger. This study also found that reckless driving behaviours can significantly predict young drivers' violation involvement in the previous 12 months and in the overall driving period since they obtained their driving licences after controlling for social desirability and demographic variables. These findings show that the Chinese version of the RDHS is a reliable, valid and highly useful instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, longitudinal studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been successively concluded. Our aim is to determine the efficacy of amyloid‐β (Aβ) PET in diagnosing AD and early prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) converting to AD. By pooling studies from different centers to explore in‐depth whether diagnostic performance varies by population type, radiotracer type, and diagnostic approach, thus providing a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the subsequent widespread application of Aβ PET in the clinical setting. Methods: Relevant studies were searched through PubMed. The pooled sensitivities, specificities, DOR, and the summary ROC curve were obtained based on a Bayesian random‐effects model. Results: Forty‐eight studies, including 5967 patients, were included. Overall, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, DOR, and AUC of Aβ PET for diagnosing AD were 0.90, 0.80, 35.68, and 0.91, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that Aβ PET had high sensitivity (0.91) and specificity (0.81) for differentiating AD from normal controls but very poor specificity (0.49) for determining AD from MCI. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.84 and 0.62, respectively, for predicting the conversion of MCI to AD. The differences in diagnostic efficacy between visual assessment and quantitative analysis and between 11C‐PIB PET and 18F‐florbetapir PET were insignificant. Conclusions: The overall performance of Aβ PET in diagnosing AD is favorable, but the differentiation between MCI and AD patients should consider that some MCI may be at risk of conversion to AD and may be misdiagnosed. A multimodal diagnostic approach and machine learning analysis may be effective in improving diagnostic accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, inspired by some physical intuitions, we define a series of symmetry enriched categories to describe symmetry enriched topological (SET) orders, and define a new tensor product, called the relative tensor product, which describes the stacking of 2+1D SET orders. Then we choose and modify the domain and codomain categories, and manage to make the Drinfeld center a fully faithful symmetric monoidal functor. It turns out that this functor, named the symmetry enriched center functor, provides a precise and rather complete mathematical formulation of the boundary-bulk relation of SET orders. We also provide another description of the relative tensor product via a condensable algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic alterations within mitochondria, encompassing processes such as autophagy and energy metabolism, play a pivotal role in facilitating the swift proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Despite this, there is a scarcity of currently available medications with proven anticancer efficacy through the modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction in a clinical setting. Here, we introduce the structural characteristics of RN0D, a galactoglucan isolated and purified from Panax notoginseng flowers, mainly composed of β-1,4-galactan and β-1,3/1,6-glucan. RN0D demonstrates the capacity to induce mitochondrial impairment in cancer cells, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, initiation of mitophagy, and reduction in both mitochondrial number and size. This sequence of events ultimately results in the inhibition of mitochondrial and glycolytic bioenergetics, culminating in the demise of cancer cells due to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) deprivation. Notably, the observed bioactivity is attributed to RN0D's direct targeting of Galectin-3, as affirmed by surface plasmon resonance studies. Furthermore, RN0D is identified as an activator of the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin pathway, ultimately instigating cytotoxic mitophagy in tumor cells. This comprehensive study substantiates the rationale for advancing RN0D as a potentially efficacious anticancer therapeutic. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive intake of benzaldehyde and its derivatives can cause irreversible damage to living organisms. Hence, benzaldehyde derivatives with different para-substitutions of push/pull electronic groups were chosen to investigate the effect of different substituent properties on the structure of human serum albumin (HSA). The binding constants, number of binding sites, major interaction forces, protein structural changes, and binding sites of benzaldehyde (BzH) and its derivatives (4-BzHD) with HSA in serum proteins were obtained based on multispectral and molecular docking techniques. The mechanism of BzH/4-BzHD interaction on HSA is mainly static quenching and is accompanied by the formation of a ground state complex. BzH/4-BzHD is bound to HSA in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. The interaction forces for the binding of BzH/4-BzHD to HSA are mainly hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction, which are also accompanied by a small amount of electrostatic interactions. The effect of BzH/4-BzHD on HSA conformation follows: 4-Diethylaminobenzaldehyde (4-DBzH) > 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde (4-NBzH) > 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBzH) > 4-Acetaminobenzaldehyde (4-ABzH) > BzH, which means that the stronger push/pull electronic strength of the para-substituted benzaldehyde derivatives has a greater effect on HSA conformation. Furthermore, the concentration-lethality curves of different concentrations for BzH/4-BzHD on zebrafish verified above conclusion. This work provides a scientific basis for the risk assessment of benzaldehyde and its derivatives to the ecological environment and human health and for the environmental toxicological studies of benzaldehyde derivatives with different strengths of push/pull electron substitution. • The effect of 4-BzHD on HSA was analyzed by DFT, molecular docking and spectroscopy. • BzH/4-BzHD can change the microenvironment and conformation of HSA. • The potential toxicity of 4-BzHD increases with electronic strength of substituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study aimed to adapt the Attitudes and Beliefs about Sleepy Driving Scale (ABSDS) to a sample of Chinese drivers and to examine its reliability and validity. Methods: Five hundred and twenty drivers aged 18 to 56 years old were asked to complete the ABSDS and a validated Chinese version of the Prosocial and Aggressive Driving Inventory. Results: The results showed that the final Chinese version of the ABSDS contained 7 items with satisfactory reliability. Second, significant gender differences were found in attitude towards sleepy driving, with female drivers scoring higher than male drivers. Third, significant correlations between ABSDS score and prosocial and aggressive driving behaviours were found. More importantly, ABSDS score can significantly predict drivers' prosocial driving behaviours. Moreover, ABSDS score can significantly predict drivers' violation involvement and accident involvement. Conclusion: The findings supported the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the ABSDS and suggested that it can be used to assess drivers' attitudes and beliefs about sleepy driving in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sense of taste plays a crucial role in herbivorous insects by discriminating nutrients from complex plant metabolic compounds. The peripheral coding of taste has been thoroughly studied in many insect species, but the central gustatory pathways are poorly described. In the present study, we characterized single neurons in the gnathal ganglion of Helicoverpa armigera larvae using the intracellular recording/staining technique. We identified different types of neurons, including sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. The morphologies of these neurons were largely diverse and their arborizations seemingly covered the whole gnathal ganglion. The representation of the single neurons responding to the relevant stimuli of sweet and bitter cues showed no distinct patterns in the gnathal ganglion. We postulate that taste signals may be processed in a manner consistent with the principle of population coding in the gnathal ganglion of H. armigera larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lishui Sag on the southwest margin of the East China Sea Shelf Basin (ECSSB) is a relatively new oil and gas exploration area, with the Paleocene being one of the most potential oil-bearing intervals in the sag. In this study, combined with the principles of element geochemistry and mineralogy, the salinity characteristics of the paleowater body are reconstructed and discussed using the Sr/Ba ratio, B/Ga ratio, equivalent boron content and Couch's method. The results show that (1) the highest salinity indicated by Sr/Ba and B/Ga ratios appears in the Upper Lingfeng Formation; (2) the equivalent boron content ranges from 62 to 254 ppm, with an average of 122 ppm, showing the existence of fresh water and brackish deposition settings; and (3) the paleosalinity calculated quantitatively by Couch's method is between 4.9 and 13.1‰. To ensure the reliability of the study, paleosalinity results from the different methods are cross-plotted, and the effects of provenance and diagenesis on the paleosalinity analysis are negligible. The comparison results show that Couch's method, equivalent boron content and B/Ga ratio are more reliable among all paleosalimeters. The identified paleosalinity type of paleowater body is mainly brackish water, which is exactly mesohaline water. The paleosalinity of the Paleocene stratigraphic interval in Lishui Sag is consistent with the sedimentary facies distribution. Our comprehensive comparison provides a basis for inferring the source of fresh water, the genesis of transitional water bodies and the evolution of sedimentary facies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions Negative life events have been reported as a risk factor for depression. However, the mechanism between negative life events and depression is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of sleep quality and the moderating role of economic income in the association between negative life events and depression among older adults aged 60 years and over.A multi‐stage stratified sampling method was used to select elderly individuals over 60 years old in Shandong, China, making use of the Household Health Interview Survey (2020). In total, 3868 older adults completed the measures of negative life events, sleep quality, depression, and economic income.Negative life events positively predicted depression among the elderly (proportion of direct effect, 55.12%), and poor sleep quality could mediate this association (proportion of indirect effect, 44.87%). Economic income played a moderating role in the relationship between negative life events, sleep quality, and depression (the first and second half of the mediating effect, the direct effect of negative life events on depression). Both effects were weaker among the elderly with higher economic incomes.Negative life events had positive effects on depression in older adults. Economic income moderated the direct effect of negative life events and the mediating effect (first and second half) of sleep quality on depression. When the elderly experience negative life events, interventions for improving their sleep quality and financial support could effectively prevent depression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••–••. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is associated with worsened prognosis especially in aged population. Clinical and animal studies suggested that electroacupuncture (EA) could improve POCD. However, the underlying mechanisms especially EA's regulatory role of inflammasomes remain unclear. Methods: The model of POCD was established by partial hepatectomy surgery in 18‐month mice with or without postoperative EA treatment to the Baihui acupoint (GV20) for 7 days. Cognitive functions were assessed by Morris water maze test, and proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐6 and microglia activity were assayed by qPCR, ELISA, or immunohistochemistry. Tight junction proteins, NLRP3 inflammasome and downstream proteins, and NF‐κB pathway proteins were evaluated by western blotting. Results: EA markedly preserved cognitive dysfunctions in POCD mice, associated with the inhibition of neuroinflammation as evidenced by reduced microglial activation and decreased IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels in brain tissue. EA also preserved hippocampal neurons and tight junction proteins ZO‐1 and claudin 5. Mechanistically, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF‐κB was inhibited by EA, while NLRP3 activation abolished EA's treatment effects on cognitive function. Conclusion: EA alleviates POCD‐mediated cognitive dysfunction associated with ameliorated neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, EA's treatment effects are dependent on NLRP3 inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• WUI areas in China have exhibited a rapid increasing trend from 2008 to 2020. • Lower rainfall and higher temperatures are linked to occurrence of WUI fires. • Human activity explains as much about the WUI fires occurrence as climate. Urbanization and climate change have led to an increasing number of wildfires in China in recent years, posing a direct threat to life, property, and social development. These areas facing severe wildfire risk are mainly concentrated in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI). Although much research has been conducted on wildfire management in China, one of the critical constraints is that there is not yet a WUI distribution map that can meet the needs of forest fire management in China. The present study proposes an approach to identify WUI areas in mainland China between 2008 and 2020 by analyzing the impact of wildfire events on communities. Using historical fire occurrence data, we explored the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of WUI fires in various geographic regions. Using the random forest model, we predicted the spatial distribution of WUI fires and identified the key factors affecting their occurrence. The results show that the WUI area in China has been rapidly expanding since 2008, with a growth rate of 15.2 × 103 km2/a, especially in the densely populated and economically developed eastern regions. The seasons of WUI fires varied across regions. Both spring and autumn are major seasons for WUI fire occurrence in northern China. In contrast, more than 80 % of WUI fires in southern China occurred in winter and spring. According to the findings generated by the random forest analysis, weather patterns marked by low levels of rainfall and elevated temperatures during both spring and fall seasons are the primary atmospheric contributors to the incidence of WUI fires. Our study indicated that repeated human activities within southern China also increased the probability of fire occurrence. We suggest that better prediction of fire-prone weather and improved regional forest fire management can help decrease the incidence of WUI fires. In addition, future efforts should focus on enhancing the long-term monitoring and predictive capabilities of fuel moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mitochondria are known to exert significant influence on various aspects of cancer cell physiology. The suppression of mitochondrial function represents a novel avenue for the advancement of anti-cancer pharmaceuticals. The heat shock protein HSP90 functions as a versatile regulator of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells, rendering as a promising target for anticancer interventions. In this work, a novel acid polysaccharide named as XQZ3 was extracted from Chlorella pyrenoidosa and purified by DEAE-cellulose and gel-filtration chromatography. The structural characteristic of XQZ3 was evaluated by monosaccharides composition, methylation analysis, TEM, FT-IR, and 2D-NMR. It was found that XQZ3 with a molecular weight of 29.13 kDa was a complex branched polysaccharide with a backbone mainly composed of galactose and mannose. It exhibited good antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo by patient-derived 3D organoid models and patient-derived xenografts models. The mechanistic investigations revealed that XQZ3 specifically interacted with HSP90, impeding the activation of the HSP90/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade. This, in turn, led to the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and apoptosis, ultimately resulting in the demise of cancer cells due to nutrient deprivation. This study offers a comprehensive theoretical foundation for the advancement of XQZ3, a novel polysaccharide inhibitor targeting HSP90, with potential as an effective therapeutic agent against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new layer-by-layer recursive decomposition algorithm is proposed to compute the exact k -terminal network reliability considering both edges and vertices imperfect. • The time complexity of the proposed algorithm is bounded by O ((m + n) · F m a x · 2 F m a x · B F m a x ) , and the spatial complexity of the algorithm is bounded as O (2 · 2 F m a x · B F m a x ). • Many benchmark networks are collected and the corresponding calculation results are compared with previous works. Efficient and exact network reliability calculation is required in a timely manner to ensure continued and reliable operation of the infrastructure networks after natural or man-made disasters. Previous studies have found that binary decision diagram (BDD) based algorithms are more efficient in dealing with network reliability computation. However, the BDD-based algorithm needs to store all the generated BDD nodes, there is still a memory overflow problem due to the limited memory space. In this paper, a new layer-by-layer recursive decomposition algorithm is proposed, and it only needs to store no more than twice of the largest BDD nodes in the same layer of all layers, and these are only a small part of all the BDD nodes in the BDD-based algorithm. The algorithm proposed in this paper is not only efficient, but also takes up less storage space. Based on a personal computer with 16 G of memory, when the target network has tens of thousands of nodes and tens of thousands of variables, the proposed algorithm only takes up a small amount of storage resources, but the BDD-based algorithm has caused memory overflow problems. The experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Differences in hazard reaction time and ERP performance of young novice drivers with different sleep states were compared. • Sleep-deprived drivers performed significantly worse in the no-hazard situation regarding response accuracy and N1 latency. • N2 amplitude is a good indicator that responds to different types of hazards. The present study aimed to explore the effects of sleep deprivation on young novice drivers' cognitive neural processing of different hazard types. A 2 (sleep deprivation group, control group) × 3 (no hazard, covert hazard, overt hazard) mixed experimental design was used. Twenty-eight young drivers were sleep-deprived (no sleep within the past 24 h), while 28 drivers were in the control group (maintaining a normal schedule throughout the week). Eighty pictures containing a covert hazard (20 pictures), overt hazard (20 pictures) and no hazard (40 pictures) were presented. Participants were asked to press the keyboard quickly if they detected a hazard situation. The reaction time, accuracy, and changes in the N1 (100–150 ms) and N2 (250–350 ms) components of event-related potentials (ERP) measured using electroencephalography (EEG) were obtained. Compared to the control group, the response accuracy of sleep-deprived drivers was higher in the cover-hazard situation and their N1 latency was longer in the no-hazard situation. Compared to the no-hazard and overt-hazard situations, the participants' reaction times and N2 amplitudes were significantly greater, and the response accuracy was significantly lower in the covert-hazard situation. Hazard perception is compromised when drivers are sleep-deprived, especially when they are confronted with covert hazard situations. The findings help understand the negative effects of sleep deprivation in the early stage of young novice drivers' hazard perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• WUE-water source relation was determined in the hot-dry valleys with a reservoir. • A source contributing score was proposed to integrate source contribution changes. • Larger WUE is associated with greater reliance on deep water sources. • Soil moisture d-excess explained more variation in WUE than soil moisture content. • Soil and microclimate explain more than 89.8% of the variations in tree water use. Identifying the carbon–water relationship of plants helps to understand their adaptive water use strategies. The relationship between WUE and the water source remains uncertain in the hot-dry valleys with reservoirs. The leaf δ13C and soil and xylem water isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) were determined to identify the WUE and water source contributions, respectively, in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit communities. We propose a source contributing score (SCS), calculated as a value for the contribution of water from different soil layers (a higher SCS value indicates plants use deeper water sources). The positive relationship between leaf δ13C and SCS (R2 = 0.16, P = 0.022) and the negative relationship between leaf δ13C and topsoil contribution (R2 = 0.21, P = 0.009) confirmed the close association of larger WUE with less reliance on shallow soil water. The redundancy analysis suggested a stronger connection between leaf δ13C and d-excess than leaf δ13C and topsoil moisture content, which emphasized the key role of soil moisture d-excess. Variation partitioning analysis (VPA) suggested soil properties and microclimate explain more than 89.8 % of the variations in tree water use. VPA also suggested different roles of microclimate and soil properties in explaining tree water use strategies. Findings broadened the understanding of the relationship between WUE and water sources and emphasized the key role of soil moisture d-excess in hot-dry valleys with reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the association between sleep problems and suicidal behaviors were found in many studies, their associations are not built until now. One of the reasons may be the identified differences among different suicide behaviors, which also implied that sleep quality may play different roles on these suicidal behaviors. However, absent study explores the possible distinguishing associations between sleep quality and different suicidal behaviors.Methods: This is a population-based study conducted in Hebei province, China. Totally, 21,376 valid questionnaires were analyzed in this study. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. Suicidal behaviors, living alone, and social-demographic variables were assessed for all the participants.Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt were 1.4%, 0.3%, and 0.2%, respectively. The PSQI scores were separately associated with suicidal ideation (OR=1.25, p<0.001), plan (OR=1.19, p<0.001), and attempt (OR=1.18, p<0.001). The similar results were also supported when we compared conditional suicidal behaviors with general population without any suicidal behaviors. However, when we compared suicide attempters with suicidal ideators (with or without suicide plan), the associations between PSQI scores and suicide attempt were not supported (OR=1.93, P>0.05 or OR=1.02, p>0.05).Limitations: The cross-sectional design made us cannot get any causal relationships. The self-reported sleep quality may also produce some influence on the results.Conclusion: The results imply us that improving sleep quality may be not effective to control further suicidal behaviors, when people have considered or planned to suicide. The findings also can be translated into the clinical and preventive practice for suicide control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Poor sleep quality is closed related with driving accidents. However, due to the lack of a valid instrument for assessing drivers' sleep quality, few studies have examined drivers' sleep quality and its associations with driving behaviours and traffic accidents in China. The aim of this paper is to revise the Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) and assess its reliability and validity in Chinese drivers. Methods: 522 Chinese drivers aged from 18 to 56 years old agreed to complete the SQS, Daytime Sleepiness Perception Scale version 4 (DSPS-4), Self-report of Risky Driving Behavior (RD-SR) and Self-assessment of the Likelihood of Being Involved in a Risky Driving Situation (RD-SA). Results: The final Chinese version of the SQS contained 23 items across four factors: difficulty in getting up, difficulty in falling asleep, sleep recovery and daytime dysfunction. Second, man scored lower on the difficulty in falling asleep factor but higher on the sleep recovery factor than women. Third, low to moderate correlations were found between the SQS factors and the DSPS-4, RD-SA and RD-SR, indicating that the validity of the revised scale was satisfactory. More importantly, daytime dysfunction factor is an effective predictor of violation involvement and accident involvement. Conclusion: The revised SQS has acceptable reliability and validity and can be used as a tool to measure the sleep quality of Chinese drivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study assessed the reliability and validity of DCBS in a Chinese sample. • EFA and CFA results supported a seven-factor structure of the DCBS. • Significant associations were found between the DCBS factors and driving styles. • Damage to self-esteem and thrill predicted traffic violations and crashes. The present study aimed to adapt the Driving Cost and Benefit Scale (DCBS, Taubman-Ben- Ari, 2008) to Chinese drivers and examine its relationships with driving style and traffic violations. Nine hundred drivers aged 18 to 60 years were asked to complete the DCBS and the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory. The results of exploratory factor analysis (n = 429) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 429) yielded a 36-item scale with satisfactory reliability. The Chinese version of the DCBS contains seven factors, including three driving cost factors (damage to self-esteem, life endangerment and distress) and four driving benefit factors (impression management, sense of control, thrill and pleasure). Significant associations between the DCBS-C factors and driving styles and traffic violations show that the discriminant validity of the scale is acceptable. Moreover, the driving cost factor of damage to self-esteem and the driving benefit factor of thrill both contributed to drivers' traffic violations and crashes. The findings show that the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the DCBS are acceptable, and it can be used as a tool to measure driving motivation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Taxi drivers' hazard response times and driving styles were examined. • Both the driving skill and driving style are related to traffic violations. • Violation-involved drivers responded slower to the hazards in the video clips. • Violation-involved drivers tended to adopt risky, angry or anxious driving styles. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between taxi drivers' traffic violations in past driving and two domains: driving skill (hazard perception skill) and driving style. Five hundred and fifty taxi drivers aged 25 – 59 were recruited to finish a video-based hazard perception test and the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI). The relationships between hazard response time, driving style and traffic violations were examined, and the differences in hazard response times and driving styles of violation-involved drivers (n = 220) and violation-free drivers (n = 330) were compared. The results showed that taxi drivers' traffic violations are closely related to their driving styles and hazard response time. Violation-involved drivers scored significantly higher in hazard response time and maladaptive driving styles (i.e., anxious, risky and angry styles) and lower in careful driving style than violation-free drivers. More importantly, drivers' hazard response time and driving styles can effectively predict their violation involvement in the last 12 months with an overall classification accuracy of 66.4%. The findings provide evidence for the usefulness of video-based hazard perception tests and the MDSI in taxi driver testing and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to explore the application value of CT imaging in the correlation analysis of communicating hydrocephalus (CH) after decompressive craniectomy (DC) of craniocerebral injury (CI). 410 patients with craniocerebral trauma who were admitted to the hospital from October 2015 to October 2019 were taken as subjects, among which 130 patients suffered from CH. All patients underwent craniocerebral CT examination, and logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors of hydrocephalus in CI and hydrocephalus after DC surgery. The results showed that the coma time (OR = 5.1283, P = 0.001), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (OR = 7.6543, P = 0.020), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score no more than 8 points (OR = 3.5480, P = 0.001), intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 2.2653, P = 0.003), cerebral contusion and laceration (OR = 1.036, P = 0.002), and subdural hemorrhage (OR = 2.4376, P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for CH. Bilateral DC (OR = 15.342, P = 0.023), second surgery (OR = 7.021, P = 0.004), bone window height (OR = 6.543, P = 0.041), and bone window area (OR = 1.035, P = 0.012) were independent risk factors for CH after DC surgery. It suggested that CT imaging technology could be utilized in the diagnosis of CI. The risk factors of CH included coma time, SAH, GCS score no more than 8, intraventricular hemorrhage, brain contusion, subdural hematoma, bilateral DC, bone window height, bone window area, and second surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bark-eating caterpillar, Indarbela obliquifasciata Mell has become a major pest of garden plants in Guangzhou, China. However, little is known about the sex identification of either adults or pupae. In this paper, according to a comparative morphological study of 55 adults and their corresponding pupae or puparia, we concluded a rapid and accurate method for identifying its sexuality. The results showed a distinct sexual dimorphism in both adults and pupae. In male adults, the antennae are broadly bipectinate, and the ctenii are long with plumose sensory setae. While in female adults, the antennae are narrowly bipectinate, and the ctenii are short with rare setae. In male pupae, the spines on 8th abdominal segment are distributed in a circle, and segments 4–7 are mobile. While in female pupae, the spines on 8th abdominal segment are partially absent on ventral side, and with a short slit at middle part, and segments 4–6 are mobile. The results of this study are of great significance for the field investigation of the sex ratio of adults and pupae and for the study of female pheromones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CFA results supported the original four-factor structure of the SDCaF. • The SDCaF factors had significant associations with dangerous driving behaviors. • Friend pressure and shared commitment to safe driving influenced traffic violations. The present study aimed to adapt the Safe Driving Climate among Friends Scale (SDCaF) to Chinese drivers and to examine its reliability and validity. Three hundred and sixty drivers aged from 18 to 24 years old were asked to complete the SDCaF and the Risky Driving Behaviour Scale. A confirmatory factor analysis (n = 360) was conducted to examine the factorial structure of the SDCaF. The validity of the scale was then evaluated by examining the associations between the SDCaF factors, risky driving behaviours and traffic violations. The CFA results showed that the model fit of the Chinese version of the scale (SDCaF-C) was acceptable. Second, the SDCaF-C factors were weakly or moderately correlated with speeding, self-assertiveness and rule violations. Third, significant gender differences were found for the variables of friend pressure and communication, with male drivers scoring higher than female drivers. Moreover, drivers who had traffic violations in the past year scored higher on friend pressure and lower on both communication and shared commitment to safe driving compared to those who had not had traffic violations. The findings supported the psychological properties of the SDCaF-C and highlighted the importance of concerning the effects of safe diving climate among friends on young drivers' risky driving behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral pesticides may exhibit enantioselectivity in terms of bioconcentration, environmental fate, and reproductive toxicity. Here, chiral prothioconazole and its metabolites were selected to thoroughly investigate their enantioselective toxicity and mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels. Multispectral techniques revealed that the interaction between chiral PTC/PTCD and lysozyme resulted in the formation of a complex, leading to a change in the conformation of lysozyme. Meanwhile, the effect of different conformations of PTC/PTCD on the conformation of lysozyme differed, and its metabolites were able to exert a greater effect on lysozyme compared to prothioconazole. Moreover, the S- configuration of PTCD interacted most strongly with lysozyme. This conclusion was further verified by DFT calculations and molecular docking as well. Furthermore, the oxidative stress indicators within HepG2 cells were also affected by chiral prothioconazole and its metabolites. Specifically, S- PTCD induced more substantial perturbation of the normal oxidative stress processes in HepG2 cells, and the magnitude of the perturbation varied significantly among different configurations (P > 0.05). Overall, chiral prothioconazole and its metabolites exhibit enantioselective effects on lysozyme conformation and oxidative stress processes in HepG2 cells. This work provides a scientific basis for a more comprehensive risk assessment of the environmental behaviors and effects caused by chiral pesticides, as well as for the screening of highly efficient and less biotoxic enantiomeric monomers. [Display omitted] • The enantioselective toxicity of S/R -PTC/PTCD was studied at the molecular levels. • The binding of S/R -PTC/PTCD to lysozyme disrupt the microenvironment of lysozyme. • The oxidative stress indicators within HepG2 cells were also affected by S/R -PTC/PTCD. • The potential toxicity of the S/R -PTCD was confirmed to be higher than the S/R -PTC. • S/R-PTC/PTCD may have enantioselective toxicity to organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hazard perception ability, which develops with driving experience, has been proven to be associated with drivers' traffic involvement. Although classic reaction time-based hazard perception tests have been developed in many developed counties, experience-related differences may not be found in drivers from developing countries due to their increased opportunities to experience hazards on roads. Therefore, the present study aims to develop a hazard prediction test for Chinese drivers based on a predictive paradigm called "What happens next?" and assess its reliability and validity. Method: Thirty-six video clips filmed from drivers' perspectives of Chinese driving settings were presented to 54 novice drivers and 47 experienced drivers. Participants were asked to answer three questions after each video clip was blacked out and to then quickly press the mouse button on a reaction time-based hazard perception test. Both the differences in the test scores between novice and experienced drivers and the differences in scores between drivers with and without traffic violations were compared. Results: The final hazard prediction test consisted of 20 video clips. A high internal consistency coefficient of the test, i.e., Cronbach's alpha = 0.862, was obtained. The total scores of the test were positively and significantly correlated with reaction times as measured on the video-based hazard perception test, thus providing evidence regarding the discriminant validity of the test. More importantly, drivers with traffic violations obtained significantly lower total scores on the test than did drivers without traffic violations. Conclusion: The newly developed hazard prediction test exhibited adequate psychometric properties and provided a practical alternative for assessing drivers' hazard perception ability in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PM 1 and PM 2.5 were chemically characterized during early summer in Tianjin, China. • PMF source apportionment revealed main contributing sources like secondary aerosols, biomass burning, traffic emission, and coal combustion. • Biomass burning and primary biogenic contributions were determined by the specific sugar species. • Anthropogenic sources (combustion and secondary particle formation) contributed significantly to both PM 1 and PM 2.5. • This work contributes to the chemical characterization and source apportionment studies of PM 1 and PM 2.5 in near-port cities influenced by the diverse sources. The submicron particulate matter (PM 1) and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) are very important due to their greater adverse impacts on the natural environment and human health. In this study, the daily PM 1 and PM 2.5 samples were collected during early summer 2018 at a sub-urban site in the urban-industrial port city of Tianjin, China. The collected samples were analyzed for the carbonaceous fractions, inorganic ions, elemental species, and specific marker sugar species. The chemical characterization of PM 1 and PM 2.5 was based on their concentrations, compositions, and characteristic ratios (PM 1 /PM 2.5 , AE/CE, NO 3 −/SO 4 2−, OC/EC, SOC/OC, OM/TCA, K+/EC, levoglucosan/K+, V/Cu, and V/Ni). The average concentrations of PM 1 and PM 2.5 were 32.4 µg/m3 and 53.3 µg/m3, and PM 1 constituted 63% of PM 2.5 on average. The source apportionment of PM 1 and PM 2.5 by positive matrix factorization (PMF) model indicated the main sources of secondary aerosols (25% and 34%), biomass burning (17% and 20%), traffic emission (20% and 14%), and coal combustion (17% and 14%). The biomass burning factor involved agricultural fertilization and waste incineration. The biomass burning and primary biogenic contributions were determined by specific marker sugar species. The anthropogenic sources (combustion, secondary particle formation, etc) contributed significantly to PM 1 and PM 2.5 , and the natural sources were more evident in PM 2.5. This work significantly contributes to the chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM 1 and PM 2.5 in near-port cities influenced by the diverse sources. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to adapt the Attitudes Toward Accompanied Driving Scale (ATADS) to a Chinese drivers sample and to examine its reliability and validity. Five hundred and seventy-two drivers aged 18 to 25 years old were asked to complete the ATADS and a validated Chinese version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory. The factorial structure of the ATADS was examined using exploratory factor analysis (N = 259) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 313). The validity of the scale was evaluated by examining the associations between the ATADS factors, demographic variables and driving styles. The results showed that both the findings of the EFA and CFA showed a five-factor structure of the ATADS, including tension, relatedness, avoidance, disapproval and anxiety. Second, significant gender differences were found in tension, relatedness, avoidance and anxiety. Third, tension, avoidance, disapproval and anxiety were moderately or weakly correlated with risky, anxious, angry and careful driving styles. Moreover, the number of traffic accidents after the accompanying phase was positively correlated with disapproval and avoidance. The findings supported the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the ATADS and highlighted the adverse effects of young drivers' negative attitudes toward accompanied driving on their driving styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discrete supertetrahedral clusters of metal chalcogenides are rare because of the difficulty involved in meeting global charge matching between the negative charge of the skeleton and counterion. We present herein the third type of a discrete chalcogenide cluster with a double T3 structure in the compound (HDBN)6[In20S33(DBN)6] (DBN = 1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0]-5-nonene), the anion of which features quasi-D3 symmetrical double-T3 In20S33 supertetrahedra with six cornered indium atoms coordinated by DBN molecules. DFT theory calculations of the interaction between host and guest show that this compound may have high kinetic stability and low photoelectric reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the complex imaging mechanism of SAR images and the lack of multi-angle and multi-parameter real scene SAR target data, the generalization performance of existing deep-learning-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image target detection methods are extremely limited. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised domain-adaptive SAR ship detection method based on cross-domain feature interaction and data contribution balance. First, we designed a new cross-domain image generation module called CycleGAN-SCA to narrow the gap between the source domain and the target domain. Second, to alleviate the influence of complex backgrounds on ship detection, a new backbone using a self-attention mechanism to tap the potential of feature representation was designed. Furthermore, aiming at the problems of low resolution, few features and easy information loss of small ships, a new lightweight feature fusion and feature enhancement neck was designed. Finally, to balance the influence of different quality samples on the model, a simple and efficient E 1 2 I o U Loss was constructed. Experimental results based on a self-built large-scale optical-SAR cross-domain target detection dataset show that compared with existing cross-domain methods, our method achieved optimal performance, with the mAP reaching 68.54%. Furthermore, our method achieved a 6.27% improvement compared to the baseline, even with only 5% of the target domain labeled data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this work was to compare different local cutoff values (LCV) and inline cutoff values (ICV) in pregnant women in the second trimester at high risk for carrying fetuses with trisomy 21. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed prenatal screening outcomes in pregnant women (n = 311,561). The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic significance of the trisomy 21 risk value, alpha-fetoprotein, and free beta human chorionic gonadotropin multiple of the median for predicting trisomy 21 risk. The cutoff value corresponding to the maximal Youden index was taken as the LCV. The screening efficiency of both cutoff values was compared. Results The LCV cutoff value was lower than the ICV cutoff value (1/643 vs 1/270). The sensitivity increased by 19.80%, the positive predictive value decreased by 0.20%, and the false-positive rate increased by 6.50%. Conclusion The LCV should be used to determine trisomy 21 risk, which can increase the detection rate of trisomy 21 in the second trimester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the soil water response processes to rainfall events can provide scientific guidance to sustain and enhance ecosystem services of the terrestrial ecosystem. This study presents the results of soil water content and isotopic compositions response to a typical rainfall in the subtropical zone in east China. The response of soil water (including soil water content, hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios) to rainfall event at three soil layers (0–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm) in two croplands, two orchards (tea and peach), and two forests were analyzed. The results showed that soil water recharge processes were varied in different land uses. The variation in the isotopic composition of soil water showed a hysteresis pattern, and this pattern was affected by land use types. The extents of isotopes depletion in topsoil (0–10 cm) were along the sequence of forest (9.90%) < orchard (10.86%) < cropland (13.70%), in contrast to the reduction of soil water content (17.46% in cropland, 32.06% in forest, and 41.78% in orchard). Little depletion in isotopes indicated limited evaporation effect on soil water, and the corresponding large reduction in water content suggested large infiltration or water recharge into deep soil, these implying a good water buffer for forest soils compared with crop soils. Soil texture and antecedent soil water were the main factors influencing the variations of both soil water content and isotopic compositions. The identification of different soil water changing processes may be important for water management and plant-available water evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3D spin canted cupric MOF is constructed from the layered [Cu 2 Cl(tta) 2 ] n n− and chain-like [Cu(Itta)(I 0.25 tta) 2 ] n 2n− motifs linked by 5-Iodo-1- H -tetrazole from in situ C-H iodination of 1- H -tetrazole. • A novel 5- I -tetrazole based MOF has been prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of CuCl 2 , 1- H -tetrazole and HI acid. • The 5- I -tetrazole can be generated from the Direct C H in situ Iodination of 1- H -tetrazole. • The MOF exhibits spin canted antiferromagnetic couplings. Hydrothermal treatment of cupric chloride and tetrazole in the presence of hydroiodic acid generated a spin canted coordination polymer [Cu 3 (tta) 2 (Itta)(I 0.25 -tta) 2 Cl] (1), (Htta = 1- H -tetrazole, Itta = 5-Iodo-1- H -tetrazole), showing a 3D network constructed from layered [Cu 2 Cl(tta) 2 ] n n– and chain-like [Cu(Itta)(I 0.25 tta) 2 ] n 2n– moieties linked through expensive Itta groups in situ C H iodinated from cheap Htta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • This is a study based on a large sample of attempted suicides in rural China (n = 791). • Medically serious suicide attempters were consecutively recruited in selected emergency rooms, which ensure the validity of the sample. • It is one of few reports about the factors associated with help-seeking behavior before suicide attempt in rural China. Abstract Increasing help-seeking behavior was one of the effective methods for suicide prevention. However, help-seeking behavior was less explored in rural China. In this study, we aimed to analyze the factors which were associated with help-seeking behavior among medically serious suicide attempters in rural China. Subjects were 791 medically serious suicide attempters aged 15–54 years in rural China. A face-to-face interview was conducted to evaluate the age, gender, education years, marital status, occupation, religious belief, living alone, physical disease, pesticide at home, family suicide history, negative life events, social support, impulsivity, mental disorder, prior suicide act, suicide intent and suicide method for the attempters. The results supported that there were 29.2% of attempters seek help before suicide behavior, and factors that male (OR = 1.45), experiencing negative life events (OR = 1.12), impulsivity (OR = 1.05), suicide intent (OR = 0.92) and suicide by pesticide (OR = 0.68) were associated with increased help-seeking behavior. It is helpful for us to understanding the features of suicide attempters who do not seek help before suicide behavior, and we also should pay more attention on people with these factors in Chinese suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper matrix composites reinforced with 50 vol% diamond particles were prepared by spark plasma sintering. The diamond particles, Cu-Ti alloy powder and Cu power were mixed in different mass ratios and sintered at a temperature of 925 °C for 10 min in vacuum. Effects of Ti content on microstructure and thermal conductivity of the Cu-xTi/diamond composites were studied in the range of 0–1 wt%. With Ti content increasing, the thermal conductivity of the Cu-Ti/diamond composites increases first and then decreases. The highest thermal conductivity of 529 W/(m·K) was obtained in the Cu-0.2Ti/diamond composite owing to the improved interfacial bonding and lower interfacial thermal resistance. The diffuse mismatch model and Hasselman-Johnson model were used to calculate the theoretical thermal conductivity of the Cu-Ti/diamond composites. It is shown that moderate content of Ti addition is good for improving the thermal conductivity of Cu/diamond composites, which is consistent with experimental results. Unlabelled Image • Cu/diamond composites were prepared at a low sintering temperature and pressure. • The preparation process is low cycle time and cost. • The diffuse mismatch model was used to calculate the theoretical thermal resistance • Thermal conductivity of Cu-0.2Ti/diamond composite was 79.5% of the theoretical value • The highest thermal conductivity increased 195% compared with pure Cu/diamond composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hazard perceptioniscrucial for identifying potential hazards on the road, and how quick drivers can respond to the hazard partiallyrelies on their risk rating of the hazard after they detect it. Although many studies have attempted to reveal the relationship between drivers'response latencies and their risk ratings, this relationship has not been extensivelyexplored under different hazard types. The presentstudy addresses this issue using a video-based hazard perception task.Forty novice drivers and 35 experienced drivers were recruited and 26 video clipscontaining either an overt hazard (continuous visibility) or a covert hazard (interrupted visibility) were shown to participants.Participants were asked to finish the hazard perception task first and then rated the risk level of the hazard when each video clip was replayed. Participants'confidence in their answers for risk ratings was also determined.Results showed that experienced drivers responded to overt and covert hazards faster than did novice drivers. A negative and significant correlation was found between drivers' risk ratings of covert hazards and their response latencies. Such a relationship was not found forovert hazards. More importantly, drivers rated the risk level of covert hazards higher than that of overt hazards, and higher risk ratings of covert hazards resulted in faster responses to these hazards. The findings of the present study indicate that hazard types not only influence drivers' risk ratings and response latencies but also determine theirrelationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppose that X, Y are two real Banach Spaces. We know that for a standard ∈-isometry f: X → Y, the weak stability formula holds and by applying the formula we can induce a closed subspace N of Y*. In this paper, by using again the weak stability formula, we further show a sufficient and necessary condition for a standard ∈-isometry to be stable in assuming that N is w*-closed in Y*. Making use of this result, we improve several known results including Figiel's theorem in reflexive spaces. We also prove that if, in addition, the space Y is quasi-reflexive and hereditarily indecomposable, then L(f)≡span¯[f(x)] contains a complemented linear isometric copy of X; Moreover, if X = Y, then for every ∈-isometry f : X → X, there exists a surjective linear isometry S : X → X such that f − S is uniformly bounded by 2∈ on X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Hydraulic redistribution (HR) widely occurs in the rainy season in the humid area. • Hydraulically redistributed water replenished >75% of the total daily water use. • Significant effect of HR on water recharge, especially in the 15–20 cm root zone. • The defined buffer capacity can be used to characterize ability of water retention. Abstract Hydraulic redistribution (HR) in sites with shallow soils and its response to random droughts during the summer rainy season in humid areas remains poorly understood. We investigated the soil moisture dynamics, HR and water buffer of shallow soils by monitoring the soil moisture content at multiple depths during a random drought event in the summer rainy season, in typical forestland and orchard in a subtropical area. Soil moisture sensors were installed at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm at three sites (forest, peach1, and peach2). The total and net daily water use and water buffer capacity of the root zone were defined and calculated. During the short-term drought, the HR of soil moisture occurred at all sites, suggesting that it could be an important process in both forest and orchard land in response to short-term drought. HR occurred at both daily and multiple-day timescales in the shallow soils. The net daily water use had less difference between the sites than the total daily water use. Principal component analysis of the total and net daily water use showed only evident clustering characteristics for the total daily water use, indicating an important plant-soil interaction effect. The depth-averaged magnitude of daily HR varied from 0.385 mm (0.0077 m3 m−3) at the forest site to 0.725 mm (0.0145 m3 m−3) at the peach1 site. The redistributed water replenished over 75% of the water depleted from the shallow soil. In particular, soil moisture was better retained in 15–20 cm root zone than in other soil layers. Furthermore, the water buffer capacity of the forest site was not higher than those of the two peach sites (where land use converted from forest), indicating that land use conversion does not necessarily weaken soil water retention. The study results highlighted that HR has a significant influence on water recharge and water retention in humid area, thus benefiting plant drought tolerance and total water utilization. This study provides more insights to evaluate HR's effect on water retention and enhance our understanding of HR in shallow soils during random droughts in the summer rainy season in humid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, many studies have discussed the topic of suicide acceptability. However, there is no empirical study which identified that suicide acceptability is associated with suicide attempt worldwide. In the present study participants were 791 medically serious suicide attempters and controls aged 15 to 54 years in rural China. Suicide acceptability was evaluated by four questions in the General Social Survey and some social psychological variables were collected in a face-to-face interview. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between suicide acceptability and suicide attempt. After controlling some social psychological variables, suicide acceptability was still associated with suicide attempt (odds ratio, 2.85; p < 0.001). Tired of living was the most acceptable reason for the medically serious suicide attempters (32.7%). Suicide acceptability should be assessed when we evaluate an individual's suicide risk. The results contribute to our understanding about suicide acceptability, and they may also be translated into practice in suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Heterogeneity-independent storage index was proposed. • Storage index correlated with metrics of landscape and topography. • Storage index is a useful hydrological descriptor across multiple spatial scales. • Ephemeral stream-based storage contributes to available water assessment. Catchment heterogeneity leads to uncertainty about estimating timescales of storage and difficulty in extrapolating to larger scales. A heterogeneity-independent storage index (SI) was employed to build a connection with catchment characteristics, especially for landscapes, over six humid, forestry catchments. The SI is derived from the amplitudes of tracer cycles in precipitation and ephemeral/intermittent streamflow. The SI was significantly correlated with landscape metric (R2 = 0.81 and p = 0.014), specifically the fractal dimension index (FRAC) indicating the shape complexity of the landscape. Meanwhile, the topographic wetness index (TWI) (R2 = 0.77, p = 0.021) showed a close connection with the storage index as well. Close correlations suggested that the FRAC and TWI regulate the timescale of storage over the range of spatial scales, in particular the young water fraction in streams, because the SI is a heterogeneity-independent metric derived from seasonal tracer cycle amplitudes, which has a close relation to young water fraction. This also indicated the SI can be treated as an alternative travel-time metric and a reflection of the hydrological nature. Moreover, the findings implied the possibility of hydrological modeling over multiple spatial scales. The linkage between SI and landscape and topography provides insight into the mechanism of streamflow generation. Based on ephemeral streams, the crucial control of landscape and topography on the timescale of storage contributes to available water assessment and sustainable ecosystem management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify biologically relevant genes associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC), genome wide expression profiles of 17 pairs of CRC tumor and adjacent tissues, previously published in a DNA microarray study, were analyzed. Cytoscape, String tools and DAVID tools were used to investigate the biological pathways encoded by the genes identified as being either upregulated or downregulated in CRC, to determine protein‑protein interactions and to identify potential hub genes associated with CRC. As a result, a total of 3,264 genes were identified as being differentially expressed in CRC and adjacent tissues, including 1,594 downregulated and 1,670 upregulated genes. Furthermore, 306 genes were revealed to be clustered in a complex interaction network, and the top 20 hub genes in this network were determined by application of the Matthews Correlation Coefficient algorithm. In addition, the patterns of the expression levels of the 20 hub genes were investigated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that four of the 20 hub genes encoded small subunit processome components (UTP3 small subunit processome component; UTP14 small subunit processome component; UTP 18 small subunit processome component; and UTP20 small subunit processome component) and a further four encoded WD repeat domains (WD repeat‑containing protein 3, WD repeat domain 12, WD repeat‑containing protein 43 and WD repeat‑containing protein 75). In conclusion, the present DNA microarray study identified genes involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. Furthermore, it was revealed that hub genes identified from among the total identified upregulated and downregulated genes in CRC encoding subunit processome components and WD repeat domains may represent novel target molecules for future treatments of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of myricetin on reducing cerebral ischemia injury in a rat model. A rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) was used in the present study. Rats were randomized into the following five groups: Sham, model, low-myricetin (1 mg/kg), medium-myricetin (5 mg/kg) and high-myricetin (25 mg/kg) groups. Neurological deficit scores were evaluated by an examiner blinded to the experimental groups. Brain infarct size was estimated macroscopically using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1ß, and oxidative stress index superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondiadehyde (MDA), and the glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio were measured by ELISA. The degree of brain cell apoptosis was determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. Protein expression levels of total or phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor (NF)-κB/p65 and protein kinase B (AKT) were determined using a western blotting assay. The neurological deficit score and infarct area induced by pMCAO decreased in a dose-dependent manner following myricetin treatment. Furthermore, myricetin reduced the expression levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA, and increased GSH/GSSG ratio and SOD activity. A significant decrease in cell apoptosis was observed in response to myricetin. In addition, myricetin significantly increased the level of phosphorylated AKT protein, and decreased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the level of NF-κB/p65. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that myricetin exhibits a therapeutic effect by reducing ischemic cerebral injury, and the protective effect of myricetin may be associated with the p38 MAPK, NF-κB/p65 and AKT signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to determine the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory signaling pathways, and explored the possible mechanism underlying the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. A total of 48 apolipoprotein E-/- mice (age, 8 weeks) were selected and divided into two groups: The normal control group (n=12) and the modeling group (n=36). In the modeling group, mice were fed a high-fat diet and were maintained in an artificial climate box, in order to stimulate the climate and eating habit characteristics of Xinjiang. Every morning, ApoE-/- mice in the modeling group were placed in the artificial climate box at 10:00 am and were taken out at 09:00 pm and placed back in the room temperature environment. The temperature of the artificial climate box was set at 6±2°C, relative humidity was controlled at 25-32.8% and the light-dark cycle was 12 h/day. The purpose of this method was to establish the Huizhuo Tanzu type atherosclerosis model. Following successful generation of the model, mice in the modeling group were randomly divided into three groups: Model group (n=10), Tianxiangdan group (n=10) and atorvastatin group (n=10). After 12 weeks, mice were sacrificed and the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in each group were detected. Furthermore, the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK in aortic tissue were detected. The results indicated that the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly higher in mice in the model group compared with in the normal control group (P<0.01), whereas the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were lower in the Tianxiangdan and atorvastatin groups compared with in the model group (P<0.01). Furthermore, the protein expression levels of phosphorylated (p)-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK protein were higher in aortic tissues from the model group compared with in the normal control group (P<0.01), p-NF-κB p65 and p-p38 MAPK protein expression was reduced in the atorvastatin and Tianxiangdan groups compared with in the model group. The present study indicated that the mechanism underlying the effects of Tianxiangdan Granule on the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis may be as follows: Tianxiangdan Granule may decrease the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and suppress activation of the NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have identified global associations between sleep quality and suicidal ideation. However, little is known regarding the relationship between sleep quality and suicidal ideation among Chinese older adults. We examined the relationship between sleep quality and suicidal ideation in older adults in China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3313 seniors in Shandong, China. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the interviewees’ answers to the question “Have you ever seriously considered wanting to die?”. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for confounders. When controlling for sex, age, living condition, economic status, marital status, education, past occupation, relationship with children, non-communicable diseases, and mental health, the odds of suicidal ideation increased in association with an increase in the total score for sleep quality and its components (subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction). Poor sleep quality was associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation in Chinese older adults. Sleep-based interventions should be developed to prevent suicide in older adults in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]