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488 results on '"Sun, Laixiang"'

8. Corrigendum: A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018 (2021 Environ. Res. Lett. 16 073005)

Author

Lamb, William F, Wiedmann, Thomas, Pongratz, Julia, Andrew, Robbie, Crippa, Monica, Olivier, Jos GJ, Wiedenhofer, Dominik, Mattioli, Giulio, Al Khourdajie, Alaa, House, Jo, Pachauri, Shonali, Figueroa, Maria, Saheb, Yamina, Slade, Raphael, Hubacek, Klaus, Sun, Laixiang, Ribeiro, Suzana Kahn, Khennas, Smail, du Can, Stephane de la Rue, Chapungu, Lazarus, Davis, Steven J, Bashmakov, Igor, Dai, Hancheng, Dhakal, Shobhakar, Tan, Xianchun, Geng, Yong, Gu, Baihe, and Minx, Jan

Subjects
Environmental and Resources Law, Law and Legal Studies, Climate Action, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

This corrigendum resolves an error in figure 17 and clarifies the scope of the cement sector in figure 2. Figure 17 in the original published manuscript depicts a Kaya identity for the agriculture, forestry and other land uses (AFOLU) sector. We unintentionally excluded land-use CO2 emissions from total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in this identity, and depicted only agricultural GHG emissions.

Published
2022

13. A review of trends and drivers of greenhouse gas emissions by sector from 1990 to 2018

Author

Lamb, William F, Wiedmann, Thomas, Pongratz, Julia, Andrew, Robbie, Crippa, Monica, Olivier, Jos GJ, Wiedenhofer, Dominik, Mattioli, Giulio, Al Khourdajie, Alaa, House, Jo, Pachauri, Shonali, Figueroa, Maria, Saheb, Yamina, Slade, Raphael, Hubacek, Klaus, Sun, Laixiang, Ribeiro, Suzana Kahn, Khennas, Smail, du Can, Stephane de la Rue, Chapungu, Lazarus, Davis, Steven J, Bashmakov, Igor, Dai, Hancheng, Dhakal, Shobhakar, Tan, Xianchun, Geng, Yong, Gu, Baihe, and Minx, Jan

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Environmental Management, Climate Action, Life on Land, Affordable and Clean Energy, greenhouse gas emissions, energy systems, industry, buildings, transport, AFOLU, trends and drivers, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be traced to five economic sectors: energy, industry, buildings, transport and AFOLU (agriculture, forestry and other land uses). In this topical review, we synthesise the literature to explain recent trends in global and regional emissions in each of these sectors. To contextualise our review, we present estimates of GHG emissions trends by sector from 1990 to 2018, describing the major sources of emissions growth, stability and decline across ten global regions. Overall, the literature and data emphasise that progress towards reducing GHG emissions has been limited. The prominent global pattern is a continuation of underlying drivers with few signs of emerging limits to demand, nor of a deep shift towards the delivery of low and zero carbon services across sectors. We observe a moderate decarbonisation of energy systems in Europe and North America, driven by fuel switching and the increasing penetration of renewables. By contrast, in rapidly industrialising regions, fossil-based energy systems have continuously expanded, only very recently slowing down in their growth. Strong demand for materials, floor area, energy services and travel have driven emissions growth in the industry, buildings and transport sectors, particularly in Eastern Asia, Southern Asia and South-East Asia. An expansion of agriculture into carbon-dense tropical forest areas has driven recent increases in AFOLU emissions in Latin America, South-East Asia and Africa. Identifying, understanding, and tackling the most persistent and climate-damaging trends across sectors is a fundamental concern for research and policy as humanity treads deeper into the Anthropocene.

Published
2021

23. Combining statistical and hydrodynamic models to assess compound flood hazards from rainfall and storm surge: a case study of Shanghai.

Author

Xu, Hanqing, Ragno, Elisa, Jonkman, Sebastiaan N., Wang, Jun, Bricker, Jeremy D., Tian, Zhan, and Sun, Laixiang

Subjects
EMERGENCY management, RAINFALL, FLOOD control, RAINSTORMS, METROPOLITAN areas, STORM surges
Abstract

Coastal regions have experienced significant environmental changes and increased vulnerability to floods caused by the combined effect of multiple flood drivers such as storm surge, heavy rainfall and river discharge, i.e., compound floods. Hence, for a sustainable development of coastal cities, it is necessary to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics and future trends of compound flood hazard. While the statistical dependence between flood drivers, i.e., rainfall and storm surges, has been extensively studied, the sensitivity of the inundated areas to the relative timing of a driver's individual peaks is less understood and location dependent. To fill this gap, here we propose a framework combining a statistical dependence model for compound event definition and a hydrodynamic model to assess inundation maps of compound flooding from storm surge and rainfall during typhoon season in Shanghai. First, we determine the severity of the joint design event, i.e., peak surge and precipitation, based on the copula model. Second, we use the same frequency amplification (SFA) method to transform the design event values in hourly time series so that they represent boundary conditions to force hydrodynamic models. Third, we assess the sensitivity of inundation maps to the time lag between storm surge peak and rainfall. Finally, we define flood zones based on the primary flood driver, and we delineate flood zones under the worst compound flood scenario. The study highlights that the temporal delay between storm surge and rainfall plays a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of flooding events. More specifically, that the peak rainfall occurs 2 h before the peak storm surge would cause the deepest average cumulative inundation depth. At the same time, the results show that in Shanghai surge is the primary flood driver. High storm surge at the eastern part of the city (Wusongkou tidal gauge) propagates upstream in the Huangpu River, resulting in fluvial flooding in Shanghai city center and several surrounding districts. This calls for a better fluvial flooding control system hinging on the backwater effect during high surge in the upper and middle Huangpu River and in the newly added urbanized areas to ensure flood resilience. The proposed framework is useful to evaluate and predict flood hazard in coastal cities, and the results can provide guidance for urban disaster prevention and mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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48. Drivers of the US CO2 emissions 1997-2013.

Author

Feng, Kuishuang, Davis, Steven J, Sun, Laixiang, and Hubacek, Klaus

Abstract

Fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the United States decreased by ∼11% between 2007 and 2013, from 6,023 to 5,377 Mt. This decline has been widely attributed to a shift from the use of coal to natural gas in US electricity production. However, the factors driving the decline have not been quantitatively evaluated; the role of natural gas in the decline therefore remains speculative. Here we analyse the factors affecting US emissions from 1997 to 2013. Before 2007, rising emissions were primarily driven by economic growth. After 2007, decreasing emissions were largely a result of economic recession with changes in fuel mix (for example, substitution of natural gas for coal) playing a comparatively minor role. Energy-climate policies may, therefore, be necessary to lock-in the recent emissions reductions and drive further decarbonization of the energy system as the US economy recovers and grows.

Published
2015

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