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• The high-temperature gasification and melting properties of PRPS were studied. • The PRPS prepared at 650 °C shows the best gasification reactivity. • The high-yield effective gas (CO + H 2) was found in the N 2 /CO 2 atmosphere. • The high-density of slag and reduction of PRPS was obtained in the N 2 /CO 2 atmosphere. High-temperature gasification and melting is a promising technology for the harmless disposal and resource utilization of hazardous organic solid wastes. In this study, the high-temperature gasification and melting properties of pyrolysis residues from petrochemical sludge (PRPS) were experimentally investigated. Firstly, the PRPSs in pyrolysis temperatures of 500–700 °C were prepared. The gasification reactivity of PRPSs was investigated through micropolitics pore structure and Raman spectrum analysis. The results show that the PRPS prepared at 650 °C has the best gasification reactivity, with both large surface area and more complete porous structure, and more disordered carbon microstructures. Then, based on the PRPS sample prepared at 650 °C, the effects of the gasification temperature (1100–1400 °C) and atmosphere (N 2 , H 2 O, and CO 2) were studied. In the atmosphere of 40 vol.%N 2 /30 vol.%CO 2 /30 vol.%H 2 O, the yield of effective gas (CO+H 2) began to decrease when the temperature was above 1200 °C. With the increase of temperature (1300–1400 °C), high-density slag of PRPS was observed. At the temperature of 1400 °C, the highest yield of effective gas (CO+H 2), the high-density slag, and the reduction of PRPS were obtained in the atmosphere of 40 vol.%N 2 /60 vol.%CO 2. In this condition, the high CO is conducive to form FeO as fluxing. Moreover, the stable mineral phases (CaSiO 3 , CaSi 2 O 7 , etc.) were detected, which should perform a good solidification effect of heavy metals in the slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die programmierbare DNA-Anordnung ermöglicht einen sicheren und effektiven Ansatz für die In-vitro- und In-vivo-Krebsbehandlung. Die programmierbare DNA-Anordnung ermöglicht einen sicheren und effektiven Ansatz für die In-vitro- und In-vivo-Krebsbehandlung. L. Wang, C. Wang et al. demonstrieren in ihrem Forschungsartikel auf S. 1834, wie eine seltene 3- I O i -Sulfatierung von Heparansulfat die Bindung und zelluläre Aufnahme des Tau-Proteins signifikant verstärkt, woraus sich ein neuartiges Target für die Behandlung von Alzheimer ableitet. [Extracted from the article]

DNA amplifier circuits establish powerful tools to dynamically control molecular assembly for computation, sensing, and biological applications. However, the slow reaction speed remains a major barrier to their practical utility. Here, diverse fast DNA amplifier circuits termed toehold exchange polymerization (TEP) and toehold exchange catalysis (TEC) using toehold exchange-mediated assembly as a fundamental mechanism are built. Both TEP and TEC with a duplex and a hairpin can respond within minutes to diverse nucleic acid inputs with high fidelity. In addition, the circuits can amplify live-cell signals for fluorescence imaging target RNA dynamics and discriminating different cell lines. Compared with existing DNA circuits that involve time scales of hours for transducing small signals, TEP and TEC exhibit much faster dynamics, simpler design, and comparable sensitivity. These features make TEP and TEC promising platforms to develop programmable nucleic acid tools and devices and to create fast sensing and processing systems, amenable to wide practical applications., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play an important biological role in pearl biomineralization in pearl mussels. In this study, based on the genome data of the triangular sail mussel ( Hyriopsis cumingii ), the genome-wide identification and bioinformatic analysis of BMP gene family were performed, and the expression pattern of the BMP genes was investigated by the insertion experiments. The results showed that a total of 12 BMP gene family members ( BMP2a/2b , BMP3 , BMP5a/5b, BMP7a/7b/7c , BMP9 , BMP10a/10b , and BMP11 ) were identified, which were unevenly distributed on chromosome 3/14/18, encoding 169-583 amino acids, with molecular weights ranging from 19.32 to 65.99 kDa. BMP2a , BMP7b , and BMP10a were distributed, respectively, in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, others were distributed in the nucleus. qRT-PCR results showed the significant tissue specificity in BMPs gene expression. The HcBMPs were differentially expressed in the mantle and visceral mass, and the expression level was higher in the visceral mass. The expressing trends of HcBMPs were not consistent between the mantle and visceral mass insertion, suggesting that HcBMPs may perform different functions. We also found that insertion surgery in the mantle and visceral mass significantly alters the expression profiling of the BMP gene family. Insertion of the mantle induced the biomineralization function of BMP2a , BMP7a , and BMP7b , while BMP3 and BMP10b played opposite roles in visceral mass insertion. Visceral mass insertion could suppress BMP9 expression at 5 d and BMP5b expression at 90 d after insertion This work lays the foundation and data support for the preliminary elucidation of regulatory role and mechanism of HcBMPs in the pearl-cultivating process of mantle and visceral mass., Competing Interests: SL was employed by Shanghai Mugao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chen, Liu, Yao, Sun, Chen, Yu, Xuan, Bian and Li.)

Many cancer treatments including photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilize reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill tumor cells. However, elevated antioxidant defense systems in cancer cells result in resistance to the therapy involving ROS. Here we describe a highly effective phototherapy through regulation of redox homeostasis with a biocompatible and versatile nanotherapeutic to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. We systematically explore and exploit methylene blue adsorbed polydopamine nanoparticles as a targeted and precise nanocarrier, oxidative stress amplifier, photodynamic/photothermal agent, and multimodal probe for fluorescence, photothermal and photoacoustic imaging to enhance anti-tumor efficacy. Remarkably, following the glutathione-stimulated photosensitizer release to generate exogenous ROS, polydopamine eliminates the endogenous ROS scavenging system through depleting the primary antioxidant, thus amplifying the phototherapy and effectively suppressing tumor growth in vitro and in vivo . Furthermore, this approach enables a robust inhibition against breast cancer metastasis, as oxidative stress is a vital impediment to distant metastasis in tumor cells. Innovative, safe and effective nanotherapeutics via regulation of redox balance may provide a clinically relevant approach for cancer treatment., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has extraordinary promise for the treatment of many cancers. However, its clinical progress is impaired by the intrinsic hypoxic tumor microenvironment that limits PDT efficacy and the safety concern associated with biological specificity of photosensitizers or vehicles. Now it is demonstrated that rationally designed DNA nanosponges can load and delivery photosensitizer effectively, target tumor precisely, and relieve hypoxia-associated resistance remarkably to enhance the efficacy of PDT. Specifically, the approach exhibits a facile assembly process, provides programmable and versatile nanocarriers, and enables robust in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer efficacy with excellent biosafety. These findings represent a practical and safe approach by designer DNA nanoassemblies to combat cancer effectively and suggest a powerful strategy for broad biomedical application of PDT., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Glucose assay is highly important in clinical diagnostics of diabetes. Herein, we engineered the surface of carbon dots by complexation with functional ligand and constructed fluorescent biosensors for the detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. In this study, benzenediboronic acid is conjugated to the surface of citric acid-derived carbon dots through formation of boronate complexes with the nanoparticles. The oxidation of benzenediboronic acid with hydrogen peroxide effectively quenches fluorescence of carbon dots through electron transfer process. The sensing performance of the system according to different engineered surfaces of carbon dots was studied by using carbon dots derived from various precursors and different benzenediboronic acid analogues. As a simple mix-and-detect strategy, this system is facilely applied for glucose sensing as hydrogen peroxide is the product catalyzed by glucose oxidase. The benzenediboronic acid-conjugated carbon dots derived from citric acid act as excellent optical probes for sensitive analysis of glucose with detection limit of 0.4 μM. This sensing system shows great selectivity toward interferent species such as analogues of glucose, and can be used to determine glucose in human serum. Engineering the surface of carbon dots by complexation with ligand of interest provides a feasible way to facilitate the development of biological applications., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)