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[Objective] By analyzing the influencing factors of national well-being and its formation mechanism, this study aimed to provide a reference basis for governments to formulate targeted strategies to improve national well-being. [Methods] Based on the human’s production-living-ecological space, this study proposed an analytical framework from the production-living-ecological perspective. Employing the aggregated national well-being data of 146 countries in 2005-2018, this study used the two-way fixed effects model and stepwise causality test to analyze the influence of production-living-ecological factors on national well-being and its mechanism. [Results] The results show that: (1) In the spatial dimension, the pattern of global national well-being is characterized by the tripolar distribution of northern Europe, northern America, and Oceania. Most western and southern Asian and African countries have low levels of national well-being; In the temporal dimension, global national well-being showed a trend towards diversification, and the temporal trends of national well-being varied obviously across countries within each continent. (2) Among production factors, a higher Gini index of income is detrimental to national well-being; Among living factors, social support promotes national well-being while the unemployment rate hinders national well-being; Among ecological factors, more land green area per capita is beneficial for national well-being. The GDP growth and Gini index of income have greater effect sizes in developing countries than in developed countries. (3) Positive and negative affect play mediation roles in the relationships between production-living-ecological factors and national well-being. Inflation rate, unemployment rate, years of education, and carbon emission intensity are negatively associated with national well-being through emotional variables, while social support, governance capacity of governments, child-age dependency ratio, and land green area per capita have indirect and positive effects on national well-being. [Conclusion] Therefore, China should adhere to the development path of production development, affluent living, and ecological sustainability, which is conducive to maximizing national well-being.

The urban knowledge network in China has undergone in-depth development in recent decades, intimately connecting the position characteristics of cities in the knowledge network to their knowledge production performance. While existing research focuses predominantly on the unidirectional relationship between network position and the knowledge production of cities, there is a notable dearth of studies exploring the bidirectional relationship between the two constructs. By proposing a conceptual framework, this paper empirically examines the interplay between network position and knowledge production of cities through simultaneous equation models. The results revealed a mutually reinforcing relationship between network position and knowledge production, and this relationship exhibits heterogeneous characteristics and spillover effects. Specifically, cities in the periphery block and the central-western region benefit more from the effect of network position on knowledge production, while cities in the core block and the eastern region benefit more from the effect of knowledge production on network position. Moreover, the interactive effect between network position and knowledge production of cities is significantly affected by the network position characteristics and knowledge production performance of their neighboring cities in geographically adjacent regions and relationally adjacent regions. These findings enhance the understanding of urban network externalities and the connotations of the knowledge production function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study revealed the non-linear impact of the internet on the spatial structure of intracity employment and how transportation infrastructure moderates this non-linear impact. Using data from 22.47 million enterprises from the China Economic Census of 2004, 2008 and 2013, we found that (1) on average, the internet promotes urban employment agglomeration, but this agglomeration effect diminishes marginally as internet penetration increases; (2) the internet promotes the secondary sector to agglomerate first and then disperse, while it only has an agglomeration effect on the tertiary sector; and (3) improvements in the transportation infrastructure diminish the internet's agglomeration effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]