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In the present study, the fabrication of dissimilar composite joints of AA6061/AA7075 incorporated with micro-sized Al2O3 particles was carried out using friction stir welding. The impact of the dispersion pattern of different volume fractions of Al2O3 micro-particles (Al2O3mp) under various combinations of tool rotational speed (RS) and traverse speed (TS) on the weld quality was studied. The composite joints were tested for tensile strength, micro-hardness, wear, and microstructural development. The results demonstrated that higher grain refinement due to dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and pinning effect of Al2O3mp considerably improved the weld quality. Higher improvements in the mechanical properties of the composite joints were also observed as the volume fraction of Al2O3mp increased. Consequently, the composite joint processed at RS of 1100 rpm, TS of 40 mm/min with 10% volume fraction of Al2O3mp exhibits the higher tensile strength of 241.35 MPa with joint efficiency of 83.80% and maximum micro-hardness of 157.5 HV. In comparison with base materials, the incorporation of Al2O3mp also improved the wear resistance of the composite joints.

The effective metal joining technique of friction stir welding (FSW) creates high-quality welds of incompatible alloys, which are highly challenging to fuse using the conventional fusion method. Due to their lightweight, high specific strength, elasticity, low density, and several other qualities, FSW of dissimilar Aluminum (Al)-Magnesium (Mg) and related alloys are urgently needed in various industries, including automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace. The purpose of this study is to evaluate previous research in the area of dissimilar Al-Mg friction stir welding. The investigative approach is covered by outlining the joining process, heat production, and difficulties experienced during AlMg unification. In addition, patterns in phase evolution, microstructural evolution, mechanical characteristics, tool design, and hypotheses relating to the creation of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are examined. Finally, this work recommends future options for welding Al-Mg alloys utilizing FSW, highlighting the most critical findings of earlier studies.

In the current research, the influence of multi-pass (one, two and three passes) of friction stir welding and SiC microparticles on the tensile strength, microhardness and %strain of dissimilar reinforced joints of AA6082 and AA5083 was examined. Tool rotating speed of 900 rpm, transverse speed of 45 mm/min, tool tilt angle of 2º and 8% volume percentage of SiC microparticles were considered as constant parameters for multi-pass FSW. The finding demonstrated that increasing the number of FSW passes from one to three augmented the dispersion pattern of Sic microparticles. The grain refinement of multi-pass reinforced joints was achieved by the pinning effect of SiC microparticles and dynamic recrystallization. The three-passes FSWed reinforced joint exhibited the highest tensile strength (247.17 MPa), %stain (13.1%) and microhardness (126.6 HV) due to the higher grain refinement.

The authors proposed a fusion protocol using multilevel clustering (FPMC), which is completely dependent on the increased coverage and wireless sensor network (WSN) reliability‐clustering framework to eliminate duplication. Therefore, a static sensor for a point of interest is allocated where possible so that the particular area can be protected. Furthermore, FPMC ensures that only one sensor node is allocated to cover a specific point of interest. The network coverage, energy usage, mean movement of WSNs nodes and sensor nodes are active in each loop due to which efficiency of the proposed protocol was assessed under various densities, and its performance was also analysed. Evaluations have shown that with restricted active nodes and sensor nodes, the FPMC can increase the networking coverage. The FPMC should be stressed as reducing the overlap level. The proposed protocol is based on the fusion protocol using multi‐level clustering for improving coverage and connectivity WSNs.

Keloids occur due to abnormal wound healing resulting in extension of raised scar tissue beyond its original margins and rarely they regresses spontaneously. The etiology of keloid is still not clear. Cosmetic concerns, pain, erythema, pruritus, paresthesia, and impairment of function are all keloid related symptoms. There is no single effective treatment for keloids. Keloid’s surgical excision in absence of any adjuvant therapy is considered obsolete due to the high recurrence rate. Corticosteroids are also used as adjuncts to surgical excision to prevent a recurrence. In this prospective, interventional, and case series, six subjects with ear keloid were treated for pre-operative three doses of intralesional Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection followed by surgical excision and post-operative two doses of Triamcinolone acetonide injection at the scar site. No signs of recurrence were shown in any lesion.

Background: The follow-up observational study between TENS and PLATE group in Displaced Midshaft Clavicular fracture conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Takhtsinhji Hospital, Bhavnagar, after getting permission from ethical committee. Materials and Methods: All patient coming to Sir Takhtsinhji General Hospital, Bhavnagar with midshaft clavicular fracture and who admitted for surgery and met the criteria was included in this study. Patients with fractures older than 4 weeks or with pathological fractures or those having associated head injury or having bilateral fracture was excluded from the study. After explaining the purpose of the study, a written informed consent was taken from all the participants before data collection. The data were recorded in a predesigned and pretested proforma. Data was collected from past records, and in subsequent 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months postoperative follow up. Result: At the end of the study, we had 15 patients in the Plate group and 15 in the TEN group for comparison. In the Plate group, we had 08 male and 07 female patients, whereas there were 09 male and 06 female patients in the TEN group. The Duration of Surgery was 71.346.67 in the Plate group and 485.60 in the TEN group. The use of minimally invasive antegrade TEN for fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures is recommended The functional outcome at 3 months was good in 14 cases (46.66%), adequate in 16 patients (53.34%). Out of all the good outcomes, 9 cases (60%) were from TEN group while 5 patients (33.3%) from plate group. Conclusion: All patients were evaluated at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months with follow up radiologically by xrays. In our study Road Traffic Accident was the most common cause for clavicle fractures. Fall on out stretched hand was the commonest mechanism of injury. We studied the fracture pattern (intra operatve finding) based on mode of injury and mechanism of injury. From this AO 2B2 (comminuted mid shaft fracture) is associated with high

This retrospective chart review study aims to compare demographic information, post-operative pain scores, and opioid use following treatment with kyphoplasty alone, OsteoCool™ (Medtronic) system, and SpineSTAR ® (Merit Medicine). Following institutional review board approval, retrospective chart review of 64 patients was examined between January 2011 and December 2017. Inclusion criteria for this study comprised patients greater than 18 years old having metastatic vertebral compression fracture involving the thoracolumbar spine. Exclusion criteria consisted of non-pathologic osteoporotic compression fractures, metastasis in cervical spine, or previous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment. Age at intervention, gender, previous treatment, and nursing recorded VAS score from 0 to 10, with zero representing no pain and 10 representing worst pain were compared. Pain scores documented immediately pre- and post-operatively, as well as 7–14 days post-operatively were targeted for analysis. Post-procedure opioid intake during the first month following surgery was also assessed. A total of 63 patients were included in this retrospective analysis. The demographic characteristics between the treatment arms were similar. Difference of square means analysis showed no statistical difference in pain scores at each time interval between the two RFA systems, or was there a statistical difference in pain scores when each RFA system was compared independently to kyphoplasty alone. Chi-squared analysis showed no statistical difference in opioid use between the treatment arms 1 month post-operatively. To our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluates post-operative pain scores between the two novel RFA systems and kyphoplasty alone. Each system results in improved pain scores post-operatively; however, no additional benefit was seen from the addition of RFA.

Machinability of Ni-based aerospace alloy is considered to be difficult due to its numerous intrinsic properties. However, the machining performance of nickel-based alloys can be improved with the geometric alteration on the tool rake zone and by the proper cooling-lubrication mechanism. However, the complete consideration of the proper mechanisms is required. To fill this gap, the impact of cutting speed, machining time, and tool texturing was thoroughly inquired about along with cooling conditions on machinability indices such as tool wear, chip morphology, and cutting forces as well as surface finish. The machining tests were done with textured tools on Inconel 718 alloy at cutting speeds 80, 120, and 180 m/min respectively. Then, the comparison of machining characteristics with or without using solid lubrication mixed minimum quantity lubrication system were made. For that, the time of cutting was restricted to 10 min for comparison purposes. For machining at 80 and 180 m/min, the noteworthy reduction in flank and crater wear was observed, whereas at 120 m/min, small reduction is seen from 1 to 10 min under NFMQL condition. The surface roughness was found to be higher under a dry environment compared to a NFMQL environment due to the low coefficient of friction of MoS2 at a constant feed rate with an increase in cutting speed. The worst surface finish with maximum of 28.17% difference under dry machining condition was observed. It was clearly seen that the blend of canola oil mixed with MoS2 particles improved the cooling and friction at the cutting zone. In addition, analysis on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been done on the worn tools for better comprehension of tool wear during turning of Inconel 718 alloy. Finally, it has been reported that the performance of the textured tool under solid lubrication conditions is better to achieve a lower tool wear (Vb), surface roughness (Ra), cutting forces, and acceptable form of chips.

The milling of aluminium silicon carbide reinforcement metal matrix composites (Al/SiCp MMCs) under two machining environments (one is dry and second is MQL) are analysed. The objective of this work is to reduce the flank wear during milling of Al/SiCp MMCs by the application of MQL. The paper not working only to reduce the tool wear but also worked on milling input parameters like feed rate, speed and depth of cut on tool wear. The forecast of the optimum value of the tool wear during milling of Al/SiCpMMCs plays a crucial role in analysing the working surface and tool life through the latest optimization techniques. The forecast model represented the impact of milling responses on tool wear (Vbmax). Then, the forecast-model result was compared with the experimental result of milling of Al/SiCp MMCs and observed to be almost same with them. The forecast and experimental results show that predicted model helps in to set the milling input parameters to minimizing flank wear Vbmax, during milling of Al/SiCp MMCs. Also, the results showed that application of minimum quantity lubrication helps in reduction of flank wear during milling of Al/SiCp MMCs.

Background Outcome studies on sinonasal malignancy are limited to retrospective case series, often with inclusion of diverse histology and short follow-up. The objective of this study was to identify key predictive variables that independently impact survival for paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) and to compare these variables in the context of these two distinct clinicopathologic entities. Methods: Analysis was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1973 to 2012 to identify key variables that impact survival for SCC and AC. Results A total of 3,714 cases were included. There were 2,895 SCC cases and 819 AC cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 64.1 years. The male to female ratio for SCC and AC was 1.85 and 1.04, respectively. Patients with SCC and AC were most often diagnosed with stage IV disease in 61.8 and 63.4% of cases, respectively. The majority of patients received combined surgery and radiation (52% for SCC and 43.1% for AC). For SCC, increased age (p Conclusion SCC and AC of the paranasal sinuses are both aggressive malignancies with poor survival. For both histological subtypes, increased age predicts worse survival and grade also closely links to survival in AC. These data have important potential implications for treatment planning and pretreatment counseling.

Metal matrix composites have exhibited better mechanical properties in comparison withconventional metals over an extensive range of working conditions. This makes them an appealing alternative in substituting metals for different applications. This paper gives a survey report, on machining of Aluminium metal Matrix composites (AMMC), particularly the molecule strengthened Aluminium metal matrix composites. It is an endeavour to give brief record of latest work to anticipate cutting parameters and surface structures in AMMC. The machinability can be enhanced by the utilization of Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) during the machining of AMMC.

Internet user has caused a tremendous growth in the information quantity, information accesses, information classification and complexity of Internet topologies handling information. Multidimensional data (mobile apps usage data (mix data set (log data))) contains a huge number of irrelevant redundant information. Users of a web application find it difficult to get the required information quickly and effectively due to enormous size of data (huge data generated per second). Numerous machine learning algorithms are useful to an amount of dataset to find the efficiency and accuracy of the classifiers. One of the potent solutions for this problem is web personalization. Providing personalized recommendations to users for improving credibility depend on the web application usage of the useful information in web application. It is very difficult to predict the behavior of such personalization systems. Our proposed intelligent map reducer model is based on machine learning concept. The results of this research are significant for training and testing of big datasets for Map Reduce Fusion Deep Learning Based on Back Propagation Neural Network algorithm established classification problems. The proposed algorithm is implemented using the HADOOP framework and enhanced the performance of existing map reducer model by improving the accuracy and reduce error rate.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a debilitating disease with incidence of between 50 and 75 per 100,000 patients per year. Patients can present with vague symptoms typically consisting of chronic abdominal pain with radiation to the back, weight loss, dyspepsia, or new onset diabetes. These symptoms in the setting of alcohol and/or tobacco abuse should heighten a physician’s suspicion for chronic pancreatitis. Diagnosis can be difficult to make based on labs alone, and clinicians should rely on imaging modalities including computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which all have high sensitivity and specificity. Management of CP can be challenging as patients usually have a prolonged course of symptoms that can span up to several years. An initial multimodal approach consisting of non-opioids, antioxidants, and central-acting neuropathic medications can be sufficient in managing abdominal pain for some patients. However, approximately 50% of patients will need an endoscopic procedure, interventional pain procedure, and/or surgery at some point in their disease course. Interventional pain procedures, including celiac plexus and splanchnic blocks, can provide extended relief in some patients. The surgical intervention most commonly performed is a lateral pancreaticojejunostomy, which has been shown to provide relief in greater than half of patients. Newer procedures that are on the horizon consist of coupling total pancreatectomy and islet auto-transplant.

We report the fabrication of InP/In0.53Ga0.47As based short wave infrared photodetector for remote sensing application. Smooth and vertical sidewalls in the mesa isolation of the diodes using wet etching are observed with etch depth of more than 2.2 μm. Ohmic contact to heavily doped n-type InGaAs by depositing Ti/Pt/Au metal layer is formed using electron beam evaporation and showed the specific contact resistance of 3 × 10−7 Ω-cm2. InGaAs based detector arrays are fabricated in the 640 × 512 matrix with 25 μm × 25 μm detector pitch.

This study focused on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) maximization of solid state joining process i.e. friction stir welding (FSW) by using vertical milling machine on AA 6082-T6. In order to evaluate the effect of process parameters such as tool rotational speed, traverse speed and tool pin length on ultimate tensile strength of friction stir welded aluminum alloy 6082-T6, Taguchi parametric design and optimization approach was used. Through the Taguchi parametric design approach, the optimum levels of process parameters were determined. The results indicate that the rotational speed and welding speed are the significant parameters in deciding the tensile strength of the joint and the tool pin length is the least significant parameter in deciding the tensile strength of the joint.

As per the today’s scenario, the current technology of modern trend is required to improve the performance by minimum effort, to find more valuable items, and to extract precious information for industry people from large dataset efficiently that contains sales transactions (e.g., collections of items bought by customers or details of a website frequentation). We are proposing novel approach Business Strategy Prediction System for Market Basket Analysis. It is to find that all existing algorithms are working to find the minimal frequent item set first, but here with the help of those methods, we are finding the maximal item set. When this algorithm encountered on dense data which having the large numbers of long patterns emerge that will give the more accurate and effective result which specify all of the frequent item sets.

Cardiac hypertrophy, as a response to hemodynamic stress, is associated with cardiac dysfunction and death, but whether hypertrophy itself represents a pathological process remains unclear. Hypertrophy is driven by changes in myocardial gene expression that require the MEF2 family of DNA-binding transcription factors, as well as the nuclear lysine acetyltransferase p300. Here we used genetic and small-molecule probes to determine the effects of preventing MEF2 acetylation on cardiac adaptation to stress. Both nonacetylatable MEF2 mutants and 8MI, a molecule designed to interfere with MEF2-coregulator binding, prevented hypertrophy in cultured cardiac myocytes. 8MI prevented cardiac hypertrophy in 3 distinct stress models, and reversed established hypertrophy in vivo, associated with normalization of myocardial structure and function. The effects of 8MI were reversible, and did not prevent training effects of swimming. Mechanistically, 8MI blocked stress-induced MEF2 acetylation, nuclear export of class II histone deacetylases HDAC4 and -5, and p300 induction, without impeding HDAC4 phosphorylation. Correspondingly, 8MI transformed the transcriptional response to pressure overload, normalizing almost all 232 genes dysregulated by hemodynamic stress. We conclude that MEF2 acetylation is required for development and maintenance of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and that blocking MEF2 acetylation can permit recovery from hypertrophy without impairing physiologic adaptation.

In this paper, we are discussing a generic architecture for simulation that can suit the requirements of different Naval C4I Systems. Naval C4I Systems are complex and ship specific due to different Sensor and Weapon (SAW) deployments. Therefore, each C4I System needs to be comprehensively tested prior to integration with actual SAW systems. Moreover, C4I operators need to be trained on such complex systems. During C4I Testing and Operator training phase, it is not advisable to energize actual SAW System. So, the Simulators come into picture. This simulation architecture incorporates all target, environment and sensor simulation. It configures itself, for any C4I system, as per configuration file settings. A comparative study with existing tools briefs the high configurability, cost effectiveness and performance improvements with this approach.

Application Management and System Monitoring (AMSM) is a software module which has the capability for application management and system monitoring. Application management is achieved through XML based deployment, spawning, re-spawning and load balancing. It also monitors memory, temperature, network and computing resources of the system for SLA violations (Service Level Agreement) and triggers pre-configured corrective actions. AMSM helps in ensuring high application availability across the system and provides robust software level fault tolerance. The software is made of two autonomous computing unit viz. AMSM Agent and AMSM Controller.

Software quality based applications development is the main concern is user satisfaction. It increases the reliability and efficiency of information retrieval and management. As the bundle of code created day by day the repository storing such code is regularly migrates the older code in to legacy systems. To develop and facilitate new object oriented model based application with improved problem solving capabilities such code has to be re-factored and reused effectively. The legacy systems have the collection of both the types of the code: procedural and object oriented. The procedural code is converted into object oriented code by using the phenomenon of re-engineering and the object oriented code database is searched for reusable code components. Thus to make the effective and timely detection of such reusable components tools is required. All the existing tools for such detection use various metrics for measuring and analysis of compatibility, price and development effort required to re-engineer those components. Also the current system will only focuses on using cohesion and coupling based metrics. But accuracy is the problematic issues in all of them because of their few metrics usage conditions. This work proposes a novel RUCM (Reusability Utility Count Model) for analyzing the reusability value. It takes various key features of code for calculating the above. The work focuses on satisfying the quality attributes by applying all the modularity principles in metrics design and measurement. To do that effectively this work had developed six composite metrics: LOC, LMD, MD, DOC UOS, and IC. In its primary work level the proposed approach seems to provide effective results in near future.

High contact resistance of the order of 10−3 Ω cm2 observed in p-type HgCdTe is one of the practical problems in the production of fine pitch high operating temperature and avalanche photodiode detector array. Electrical and compositional measurements on Au/p-HgCdTe are reported to understand the difficulties in reducing the contact resistance in HgCdTe detectors. Characterization of Au contacts on p-type Hg1−xCdxTe (x=0.3) formed by electrode-less (electroless) process and current transport mechanism are discussed. SIMS depth profiling of interfacial layer formed by the reaction of gold chloride with HgCdTe have been analyzed. Extent of the interfacial layer containing Au, Te, O and Cl is found to increase with increasing deposition time. Effect of annealing on the migration of Au across the contact region and electrical characteristics are presented. Heavily doped HgCdTe region with NA=1017 cm−3 is produced beneath the contact regions after annealing at 80 °C leading to an order of magnitude improvement in the specific contact resistance. These results are useful for the creation of Au/p-HgCdTe contacts in a controlled and reproducible manner.

The translational failure between preclinical animal models and clinical outcome has alarmed us to search for a new strategy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interlink between Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) at the blood brain barrier (BBB) has raised hope toward a new disease modifying therapy in AD. Pgp is a major efflux transporter for beta amyloid (Aβ) at human BBB. A literature survey reveals diminished expression of Pgp transporter at the BBB in AD patients. Pregnane X Receptor is a major transcriptional regulator of Pgp. Restoration of Pgp at the BBB enhances the elimination of the Aβ from brain alongside and inhibits the apical to basolateral movement of Aβ from the circulatory blood. This review concentrates on in vitro, in vivo, and in silico advancements on the study of the PXR in context to Pgp and discusses the substrate and inhibitor specificity between PXR and Pgp.