Search

Your search keyword '"Sulzberger B"' showing total 123 results
Start Over Author "Sulzberger B"
123 results on '"Sulzberger B"'

1. Continuing benefits of the Montreal Protocol and protection of the stratospheric ozone layer for human health and the environment

Author

Madronich, S., Bernhard, G. H., Neale, P. J., Heikkilä, A., Andersen, M. P. Sulbæk, Andrady, A. L., Aucamp, P. J., Bais, A. F., Banaszak, A. T., Barnes, P. J., Bornman, J. F., Bruckman, L. S., Busquets, R., Chiodo, G., Häder, D.-P., Hanson, M. L., Hylander, S., Jansen, M. A. K., Lingham, G., Lucas, R. M., Calderon, R. Mackenzie, Olsen, C., Ossola, R., Pandey, K. K., Petropavlovskikh, I., Revell, L. E., Rhodes, L. E., Robinson, S. A., Robson, T. M., Rose, K. C., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K. R., Sulzberger, B., Wallington, T. J., Wang, Q.-W., Wängberg, S.-Å., White, C. C., Wilson, S. R., Zhu, L., and Neale, R. E.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Author

Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Neale, P. J., Williamson, C. E., Zepp, R. G., Madronich, S., Wilson, S. R., Andrady, A. L., Heikkilä, A. M., Bernhard, G. H., Bais, A. F., Neale, R. E., Bornman, J. F., Jansen, M. A. K., Klekociuk, A. R., Martinez-Abaigar, J., Robinson, S. A., Wang, Q.-W., Banaszak, A. T., Häder, D.-P., Hylander, S., Rose, K. C., Wängberg, S.-Å., Foereid, B., Hou, W.-C., Ossola, R., Paul, N. D., Ukpebor, J. E., Andersen, M. P. S., Longstreth, J., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K. R., Sulzberger, B., Bruckman, L. S., Pandey, K. K., White, C. C., Zhu, L., Zhu, M., Aucamp, P. J., Liley, J. B., McKenzie, R. L., Berwick, M., Byrne, S. N., Hollestein, L. M., Lucas, R. M., Olsen, C. M., Rhodes, L. E., Yazar, S., and Young, A. R.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Author

Neale, R. E., Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Neale, P. J., Williamson, C. E., Zepp, R. G., Wilson, S. R., Madronich, S., Andrady, A. L., Heikkilä, A. M., Bernhard, G. H., Bais, A. F., Aucamp, P. J., Banaszak, A. T., Bornman, J. F., Bruckman, L. S., Byrne, S. N., Foereid, B., Häder, D.-P., Hollestein, L. M., Hou, W.-C., Hylander, S., Jansen, M. A. K., Klekociuk, A. R., Liley, J. B., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R. M., Martinez-Abaigar, J., McNeill, K., Olsen, C. M., Pandey, K. K., Rhodes, L. E., Robinson, S. A., Rose, K. C., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K. R., Sulzberger, B., Ukpebor, J. E., Wang, Q.-W., Wängberg, S.-Å., White, C. C., Yazar, S., Young, A. R., Young, P. J., Zhu, L., and Zhu, M.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019

Author

Bernhard, G. H., Neale, R. E., Barnes, P. W., Neale, P. J., Zepp, R. G., Wilson, S. R., Andrady, A. L., Bais, A. F., McKenzie, R. L., Aucamp, P. J., Young, P. J., Liley, J. B., Lucas, R. M., Yazar, S., Rhodes, L. E., Byrne, S. N., Hollestein, L. M., Olsen, C. M., Young, A. R., Robson, T. M., Bornman, J. F., Jansen, M. A. K., Robinson, S. A., Ballaré, C. L., Williamson, C. E., Rose, K. C., Banaszak, A. T., Häder, D. -P., Hylander, S., Wängberg, S. -Å., Austin, A. T., Hou, W. -C., Paul, N. D., Madronich, S., Sulzberger, B., Solomon, K. R., Li, H., Schikowski, T., Longstreth, J., Pandey, K. K., Heikkilä, A. M., and White, C. C.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2017

Author

Bais, A. F., Lucas, R. M., Bornman, J. F., Williamson, C. E., Sulzberger, B., Austin, A. T., Wilson, S. R., Andrady, A. L., Bernhard, G., McKenzie, R. L., Aucamp, P. J., Madronich, S., Neale, R. E., Yazar, S., Young, A. R., de Gruijl, F. R., Norval, M., Takizawa, Y., Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Robinson, S. A., Bailaré, C. L., Flint, S. D., Neale, P. J., Hylander, S., Rose, K. C., Wängberg, S. -Å., Hader, D. -P., Worrest, R. C., Zepp, R. G., Paul, N. D., Cory, R. M., Solomon, K. R., Longstreth, J., Pandey, K. K., Redhwi, H. H., Torikai, A., and Heikkilä, A. M.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Author

Barnes, P.W., Robson, T.M., Neale, P.J., Williamson, C.E., Zepp, R.G., Madronich, S., Wilson, S.R., Andrady, A.L., Heikkilä, A.M., Bernhard, G.H., Bais, A.F., Neale, R.E., Bornman, J.F., Jansen, M.A.K., Klekociuk, A.R., Martinez-Abaigar, J., Robinson, S.A., Wang, Q-W, Banaszak, A.T., Häder, D-P., Hylander, S., Rose, K.C., Wängberg, S-Å, Foereid, B., Hou, W-C, Ossola, R., Paul, N.D., Ukpebor, J.E., Andersen, M.P.S., Longstreth, J., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K.R., Sulzberger, B., Bruckman, L.S., Pandey, K.K., White, C.C., Zhu, L., Zhu, M., Aucamp, P.J., Liley, J.B., McKenzie, R.L., Berwick, M., Byrne, S.N., Hollestein, L.M., Lucas, R.M., Olsen, C.M., Rhodes, L.E., Yazar, S., Young, A.R., Barnes, P.W., Robson, T.M., Neale, P.J., Williamson, C.E., Zepp, R.G., Madronich, S., Wilson, S.R., Andrady, A.L., Heikkilä, A.M., Bernhard, G.H., Bais, A.F., Neale, R.E., Bornman, J.F., Jansen, M.A.K., Klekociuk, A.R., Martinez-Abaigar, J., Robinson, S.A., Wang, Q-W, Banaszak, A.T., Häder, D-P., Hylander, S., Rose, K.C., Wängberg, S-Å, Foereid, B., Hou, W-C, Ossola, R., Paul, N.D., Ukpebor, J.E., Andersen, M.P.S., Longstreth, J., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K.R., Sulzberger, B., Bruckman, L.S., Pandey, K.K., White, C.C., Zhu, L., Zhu, M., Aucamp, P.J., Liley, J.B., McKenzie, R.L., Berwick, M., Byrne, S.N., Hollestein, L.M., Lucas, R.M., Olsen, C.M., Rhodes, L.E., Yazar, S., and Young, A.R.

Abstract

The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.

Published
2022

9. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change:UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Author

Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Neale, P. J., Williamson, C. E., Zepp, R. G., Madronich, S., Wilson, S. R., Andrady, A. L., Heikkilä, A. M., Bernhard, G. H., Bais, A. F., Neale, R. E., Bornman, J. F., Jansen, M. A. K., Klekociuk, A. R., Martinez-Abaigar, J., Robinson, S. A., Wang, Q.-W., Banaszak, A. T., Häder, D.-P., Hylander, S., Rose, K. C., Wängberg, S.-Å., Foereid, B., Hou, W.-C., Ossola, R., Paul, N. D., Ukpebor, J. E., Andersen, M. P. S., Longstreth, J., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K. R., Sulzberger, B., Bruckman, L. S., Pandey, K. K., White, C. C., Zhu, L., Zhu, M., Aucamp, P. J., Liley, J. B., McKenzie, R. L., Berwick, M., Byrne, S. N., Hollestein, L. M., Lucas, R. M., Olsen, C. M., Rhodes, L. E., Yazar, S., Young, A. R., Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Neale, P. J., Williamson, C. E., Zepp, R. G., Madronich, S., Wilson, S. R., Andrady, A. L., Heikkilä, A. M., Bernhard, G. H., Bais, A. F., Neale, R. E., Bornman, J. F., Jansen, M. A. K., Klekociuk, A. R., Martinez-Abaigar, J., Robinson, S. A., Wang, Q.-W., Banaszak, A. T., Häder, D.-P., Hylander, S., Rose, K. C., Wängberg, S.-Å., Foereid, B., Hou, W.-C., Ossola, R., Paul, N. D., Ukpebor, J. E., Andersen, M. P. S., Longstreth, J., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K. R., Sulzberger, B., Bruckman, L. S., Pandey, K. K., White, C. C., Zhu, L., Zhu, M., Aucamp, P. J., Liley, J. B., McKenzie, R. L., Berwick, M., Byrne, S. N., Hollestein, L. M., Lucas, R. M., Olsen, C. M., Rhodes, L. E., Yazar, S., and Young, A. R.

Abstract

The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.

Published
2022

11. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Author

Neale, R.E., Barnes, P.W., Robson, T.M., Neale, P.J., Williamson, C.E., Zepp, R.G., Wilson, S.R., Madronich, S., Andrady, A.L., Heikkilä, A.M., Bernhard, G.H., Bais, A.F., Aucamp, P.J., Banaszak, A.T., Bornman, J.F., Bruckman, L.S., Byrne, S.N., Foereid, B., Häder, D-P, Hollestein, L.M., Hou, W-C, Hylander, S., Jansen, M.A.K., Klekociuk, A.R., Liley, J.B., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R.M., Martinez-Abaigar, J., McNeill, K., Olsen, C.M., Pandey, K.K., Rhodes, L.E., Robinson, S.A., Rose, K.C., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K.R., Sulzberger, B., Ukpebor, J.E., Wang, Q-W, Wängberg, S-Å, White, C.C., Yazar, S., Young, A.R., Young, P.J., Zhu, L., Zhu, M., Neale, R.E., Barnes, P.W., Robson, T.M., Neale, P.J., Williamson, C.E., Zepp, R.G., Wilson, S.R., Madronich, S., Andrady, A.L., Heikkilä, A.M., Bernhard, G.H., Bais, A.F., Aucamp, P.J., Banaszak, A.T., Bornman, J.F., Bruckman, L.S., Byrne, S.N., Foereid, B., Häder, D-P, Hollestein, L.M., Hou, W-C, Hylander, S., Jansen, M.A.K., Klekociuk, A.R., Liley, J.B., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R.M., Martinez-Abaigar, J., McNeill, K., Olsen, C.M., Pandey, K.K., Rhodes, L.E., Robinson, S.A., Rose, K.C., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K.R., Sulzberger, B., Ukpebor, J.E., Wang, Q-W, Wängberg, S-Å, White, C.C., Yazar, S., Young, A.R., Young, P.J., Zhu, L., and Zhu, M.

Abstract

This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.

Published
2021

12. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change:UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Author

Neale, R.E., Barnes, P.W., Robson, T.M., Neale, P.J., Williamson, C.E., Zepp, R.G., Wilson, S.R., Madronich, S., Andrady, A.L., Heikkilä, A.M., Bernhard, G.H., Bais, A.F., Aucamp, P.J., Banaszak, A.T., Bornman, J.F., Bruckman, L.S., Byrne, S.N., Foereid, B., Häder, D.-P., Hollestein, L.M., Hou, W.-C., Hylander, S., Jansen, M.A.K., Klekociuk, A.R., Liley, J.B., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R.M., Martinez-Abaigar, J., McNeill, K., Olsen, C.M., Pandey, K.K., Rhodes, L.E., Robinson, S.A., Rose, K.C., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K.R., Sulzberger, B., Ukpebor, J.E., Wang, Q.-W., Wängberg, S.-Å., White, C.C., Yazar, S., Young, A.R., Young, P.J., Zhu, L., Zhu, M., Neale, R.E., Barnes, P.W., Robson, T.M., Neale, P.J., Williamson, C.E., Zepp, R.G., Wilson, S.R., Madronich, S., Andrady, A.L., Heikkilä, A.M., Bernhard, G.H., Bais, A.F., Aucamp, P.J., Banaszak, A.T., Bornman, J.F., Bruckman, L.S., Byrne, S.N., Foereid, B., Häder, D.-P., Hollestein, L.M., Hou, W.-C., Hylander, S., Jansen, M.A.K., Klekociuk, A.R., Liley, J.B., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R.M., Martinez-Abaigar, J., McNeill, K., Olsen, C.M., Pandey, K.K., Rhodes, L.E., Robinson, S.A., Rose, K.C., Schikowski, T., Solomon, K.R., Sulzberger, B., Ukpebor, J.E., Wang, Q.-W., Wängberg, S.-Å., White, C.C., Yazar, S., Young, A.R., Young, P.J., Zhu, L., and Zhu, M.

Abstract

This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.

Published
2021

13. Summary Update 2021 for Policymakers: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel

Author

Barnes, P W, Bornman, J F, Pandey, K K, Bernhard, G H, Neale, R E, Robinson, Sharon A, Neale, P J, Zepp, R G, Madronich, S, White, C C, Andersen, M P S, Andrady, A L, Aucamp, P J, Bais, A F, Banaszak, A T, Berwick, M, Bruckman, L S, Byrne, S N, Foereid, B, Häder, D-P, Heikkilä, A M, Hollestein, L M, Hou, W-C, Hylander, S, Jansen, M A K, Klekociuk, A R, Liley, J B, Longstreth, J, Lucas, R M, Martinez-Abaigar, J, McKenzie, R L, McNeill, K, Olsen, C M, Ossola, R, Paul, N D, Rhodes, L E, Robson, T M, Rose, K C, Schikowski, T, Solomon, K R, Sulzberger, B, Ukpebor, J E, Wang, Q-W, Wängberg, S-Å, Williamson, C E, Wilson, S. R., Yazar, S, Young, A R, Zhu, L, Zhu, M, Barnes, P W, Bornman, J F, Pandey, K K, Bernhard, G H, Neale, R E, Robinson, Sharon A, Neale, P J, Zepp, R G, Madronich, S, White, C C, Andersen, M P S, Andrady, A L, Aucamp, P J, Bais, A F, Banaszak, A T, Berwick, M, Bruckman, L S, Byrne, S N, Foereid, B, Häder, D-P, Heikkilä, A M, Hollestein, L M, Hou, W-C, Hylander, S, Jansen, M A K, Klekociuk, A R, Liley, J B, Longstreth, J, Lucas, R M, Martinez-Abaigar, J, McKenzie, R L, McNeill, K, Olsen, C M, Ossola, R, Paul, N D, Rhodes, L E, Robson, T M, Rose, K C, Schikowski, T, Solomon, K R, Sulzberger, B, Ukpebor, J E, Wang, Q-W, Wängberg, S-Å, Williamson, C E, Wilson, S. R., Yazar, S, Young, A R, Zhu, L, and Zhu, M

Published
2021

14. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Author

Neale, RE, Barnes, PW, Robson, TM, Neale, PJ, Williamson, CE, Zepp, RG, Wilson, SR, Madronich, S, Andrady, AL, Heikkila, AM, Bernhard, GH, Bais, AF, Aucamp, PJ, Banaszak, AT, Bornman, JF, Bruckman, LS, Byrne, SN, Foereid, B, Hader, DP, Zandwijk - Hollestein, Loes, Hou, WC, Hylander, S, Jansen, MAK, Klekociuk, AR, Liley, JB, Longstreth, J, Lucas, RM, Martinez-Abaigar, J, McNeill, K, Olsen, CM, Pandey, KK, Rhodes, LE, Robinson, SA, Rose, KC, Schikowski, T, Solomon, KR, Sulzberger, B, Ukpebor, JE, Wang, QW, Wangberg, SA, White, CC, Yazar, S, Young, AR, Young, PJ, Zhu, L, Zhu, M, Neale, RE, Barnes, PW, Robson, TM, Neale, PJ, Williamson, CE, Zepp, RG, Wilson, SR, Madronich, S, Andrady, AL, Heikkila, AM, Bernhard, GH, Bais, AF, Aucamp, PJ, Banaszak, AT, Bornman, JF, Bruckman, LS, Byrne, SN, Foereid, B, Hader, DP, Zandwijk - Hollestein, Loes, Hou, WC, Hylander, S, Jansen, MAK, Klekociuk, AR, Liley, JB, Longstreth, J, Lucas, RM, Martinez-Abaigar, J, McNeill, K, Olsen, CM, Pandey, KK, Rhodes, LE, Robinson, SA, Rose, KC, Schikowski, T, Solomon, KR, Sulzberger, B, Ukpebor, JE, Wang, QW, Wangberg, SA, White, CC, Yazar, S, Young, AR, Young, PJ, Zhu, L, and Zhu, M

Abstract

This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides the latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive assessment (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between the stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and climate change are presented within the framework of the Montreal Protocol and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect the atmosphere and air quality; human health; terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; and materials used in outdoor construction, solar energy technologies, and fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from changes in seasonality and extreme events due to climate change. Additionally, we assess the transmission and environmental effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of linkages with solar UV radiation and the Montreal Protocol.

Published
2021

17. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019

Author

Bernhard, G.H., Neale, R.E., Barnes, P.W., Neale, P.J., Zepp, R.G., Wilson, S.R., Andrady, A.L., Bais, A.F., McKenzie, R.L., Aucamp, P.J., Young, P.J., Liley, J.B., Lucas, R.M., Yazar, S., Rhodes, L.E., Byrne, S.N., Hollestein, L.M., Olsen, C.M., Young, A.R., Robson, T.M., Bornman, J.F., Jansen, M.A.K., Robinson, S.A., Ballaré, C.L., Williamson, C.E., Rose, K.C., Banaszak, A.T., Häder, D-P., Hylander, S., Wängberg, S-Å, Austin, A.T., Hou, W-C, Paul, N.D., Madronich, S., Sulzberger, B., Solomon, K.R., Li, H., Schikowski, T., Longstreth, J., Pandey, K.K., Heikkilä, A.M., White, C.C., Bernhard, G.H., Neale, R.E., Barnes, P.W., Neale, P.J., Zepp, R.G., Wilson, S.R., Andrady, A.L., Bais, A.F., McKenzie, R.L., Aucamp, P.J., Young, P.J., Liley, J.B., Lucas, R.M., Yazar, S., Rhodes, L.E., Byrne, S.N., Hollestein, L.M., Olsen, C.M., Young, A.R., Robson, T.M., Bornman, J.F., Jansen, M.A.K., Robinson, S.A., Ballaré, C.L., Williamson, C.E., Rose, K.C., Banaszak, A.T., Häder, D-P., Hylander, S., Wängberg, S-Å, Austin, A.T., Hou, W-C, Paul, N.D., Madronich, S., Sulzberger, B., Solomon, K.R., Li, H., Schikowski, T., Longstreth, J., Pandey, K.K., Heikkilä, A.M., and White, C.C.

Abstract

This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, provides an update, since our previous extensive assessment (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, 18, 595–828), of recent findings of current and projected interactive environmental effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, stratospheric ozone, and climate change. These effects include those on human health, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and materials used in construction and other services. The present update evaluates further evidence of the consequences of human activity on climate change that are altering the exposure of organisms and ecosystems to UV radiation. This in turn reveals the interactive effects of many climate change factors with UV radiation that have implications for the atmosphere, feedbacks, contaminant fate and transport, organismal responses, and many outdoor materials including plastics, wood, and fabrics. The universal ratification of the Montreal Protocol, signed by 197 countries, has led to the regulation and phase-out of chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this treaty has had unprecedented success in protecting the ozone layer, and hence all life on Earth from damaging UV radiation, it is also making a substantial contribution to reducing climate warming because many of the chemicals under this treaty are greenhouse gases.

Published
2020

18. Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change:UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019

Author

Bernhard, G.H., Neale, R.E., Barnes, P.W., Neale, P.J., Zepp, R.G., Wilson, S.R., Andrady, A.L., Bais, A.F., McKenzie, R.L., Aucamp, P.J., Young, P.J., Liley, J.B., Lucas, R.M., Yazar, S., Rhodes, L.E., Byrne, S.N., Hollestein, L.M., Olsen, C.M., Young, A.R., Robson, T.M., Bornman, J.F., Jansen, M.A.K., Robinson, S.A., Ballaré, C.L., Williamson, C.E., Rose, K.C., Banaszak, A.T., Häder, D.-P., Hylander, S., Wängberg, S., Austin, A.T., Hou, W.-C., Paul, N.D., Madronich, S., Sulzberger, B., Solomon, K.R., Li, H., Schikowski, T., Longstreth, J., Pandey, K.K., Heikkilä, A.M., White, C.C., Bernhard, G.H., Neale, R.E., Barnes, P.W., Neale, P.J., Zepp, R.G., Wilson, S.R., Andrady, A.L., Bais, A.F., McKenzie, R.L., Aucamp, P.J., Young, P.J., Liley, J.B., Lucas, R.M., Yazar, S., Rhodes, L.E., Byrne, S.N., Hollestein, L.M., Olsen, C.M., Young, A.R., Robson, T.M., Bornman, J.F., Jansen, M.A.K., Robinson, S.A., Ballaré, C.L., Williamson, C.E., Rose, K.C., Banaszak, A.T., Häder, D.-P., Hylander, S., Wängberg, S., Austin, A.T., Hou, W.-C., Paul, N.D., Madronich, S., Sulzberger, B., Solomon, K.R., Li, H., Schikowski, T., Longstreth, J., Pandey, K.K., Heikkilä, A.M., and White, C.C.

Abstract

This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, provides an update, since our previous extensive assessment (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2019, 18, 595-828), of recent findings of current and projected interactive environmental effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, stratospheric ozone, and climate change. These effects include those on human health, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and materials used in construction and other services. The present update evaluates further evidence of the consequences of human activity on climate change that are altering the exposure of organisms and ecosystems to UV radiation. This in turn reveals the interactive effects of many climate change factors with UV radiation that have implications for the atmosphere, feedbacks, contaminant fate and transport, organismal responses, and many outdoor materials including plastics, wood, and fabrics. The universal ratification of the Montreal Protocol, signed by 197 countries, has led to the regulation and phase-out of chemicals that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. Although this treaty has had unprecedented success in protecting the ozone layer, and hence all life on Earth from damaging UV radiation, it is also making a substantial contribution to reducing climate warming because many of the chemicals under this treaty are greenhouse gases.

Published
2020

19. Ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation, climate change and prospects for a sustainable future

Author

Barnes, P.W., Williamson, C.E., Lucas, R.M., Robinson, S.A., Madronich, S., Paul, N.D., Bornman, J.F., Bais, A.F., Sulzberger, B., Wilson, S.R., Andrady, A.L., McKenzie, R.L., Neale, P.J., Austin, A.T., Bernhard, G.H., Solomon, K.R., Neale, R.E., Young, P.J., Norval, M., Rhodes, L.E., Hylander, S., Rose, K.C., Longstreth, J., Aucamp, P.J., Ballaré, C.L., Cory, R.M., Flint, S.D., de Gruijl, F.R., Häder, D.-P., Heikkilä, A.M., Jansen, M.A.K., Pandey, K.K., Robson, T.M., Sinclair, C.A., Wängberg, S.-Å., Worrest, R.C., Yazar, S., Young, A.R., Zepp, R.G., Barnes, P.W., Williamson, C.E., Lucas, R.M., Robinson, S.A., Madronich, S., Paul, N.D., Bornman, J.F., Bais, A.F., Sulzberger, B., Wilson, S.R., Andrady, A.L., McKenzie, R.L., Neale, P.J., Austin, A.T., Bernhard, G.H., Solomon, K.R., Neale, R.E., Young, P.J., Norval, M., Rhodes, L.E., Hylander, S., Rose, K.C., Longstreth, J., Aucamp, P.J., Ballaré, C.L., Cory, R.M., Flint, S.D., de Gruijl, F.R., Häder, D.-P., Heikkilä, A.M., Jansen, M.A.K., Pandey, K.K., Robson, T.M., Sinclair, C.A., Wängberg, S.-Å., Worrest, R.C., Yazar, S., Young, A.R., and Zepp, R.G.

Abstract

Changes in stratospheric ozone and climate over the past 40-plus years have altered the solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation conditions at the Earth’s surface. Ozone depletion has also contributed to climate change across the Southern Hemisphere. These changes are interacting in complex ways to affect human health, food and water security, and ecosystem services. Many adverse effects of high UV exposure have been avoided thanks to the Montreal Protocol with its Amendments and Adjustments, which have effectively controlled the production and use of ozone-depleting substances. This international treaty has also played an important role in mitigating climate change. Climate change is modifying UV exposure and affecting how people and ecosystems respond to UV; these effects will become more pronounced in the future. The interactions between stratospheric ozone, climate and UV radiation will therefore shift over time; however, the Montreal Protocol will continue to have far-reaching benefits for human well-being and environmental sustainability.

Published
2019

20. Solar UV radiation in a changing world:roles of cryosphere-land-water-atmosphere interfaces in global biogeochemical cycles

Author

Sulzberger, B., Austin, A.T., Cory, R.M., Zepp, R.G., Paul, N.D., Sulzberger, B., Austin, A.T., Cory, R.M., Zepp, R.G., and Paul, N.D.

Abstract

Global change influences biogeochemical cycles within and between environmental compartments (i.e., the cryosphere, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and the atmosphere). A major effect of global change on carbon cycling is altered exposure of natural organic matter (NOM) to solar radiation, particularly solar UV radiation. In terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, NOM is degraded by UV and visible radiation, resulting in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide, as well as a range of products that can be more easily degraded by microbes (photofacilitation). On land, droughts and land-use change can reduce plant cover causing an increase in exposure of plant litter to solar radiation. The altered transport of soil organic matter from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems also can enhance exposure of NOM to solar radiation. An increase in emission of CO2 from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to the effects of global warming, such as droughts and thawing of permafrost soils, fuels a positive feedback on global warming. This is also the case for greenhouse gases other than CO2, including methane and nitrous oxide, that are emitted from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These trace gases also have indirect or direct impacts on stratospheric ozone concentrations. The interactive effects of UV radiation and climate change greatly alter the fate of synthetic and biological contaminants. Contaminants are degraded or inactivated by direct and indirect photochemical reactions. The balance between direct and indirect photodegradation or photoinactivation of contaminants is likely to change with future changes in stratospheric ozone, and with changes in runoff of coloured dissolved organic matter due to climate and land-use changes.

Published
2019

21. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2016

Author

Andrady, A, Aucamp, PJ, Austin, AT, Bais, AF, Ballaré, CL, Barnes, PW, Bernhard, GH, Björn, LO, Bornman, JF, Congdon, N, Cory, RM, Flint, SD, de Gruijl, FR, Häder, DP, Heikkilä, A, Hylander, S, Longstreth, J, Lucas, RM, Madronich, S, McKenzie, RL, Neale, P, Neale, R, Norval, M, Pandey, KK, Paul, N, Raut, M, Redhwi, HH, Robinson, SA, Rose, KC, Solomon, KR, Sulzberger, B, Wängberg, SÅ, Williamson, CE, Wilson, SR, Worrest, RC, Young, AR, and Zepp, RG.

Subjects
Greenhouse Effect, Ozone, Skin Neoplasms, Meteorology, Ultraviolet Rays, Climate Change, Climate change, Atmospheric sciences, Article, Autoimmune Diseases, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental monitoring, Humans, Ecosystem, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Vitamin D, skin and connective tissue diseases, Greenhouse effect, Biological sciences, Ozone depletion, chemistry, Environmental science, sense organs
Abstract

The Parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three Panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues. The first focus is the effects of UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The second focus is on interactions between UV radiation and global climate change and how these may affect humans and the environment. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously believed. As a result of this, human health and environmental issues will be longer-lasting and more regionally variable. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces a detailed report every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Progress Reports of the relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2016, 15, 141-147). The present Progress Report for 2016 assesses some of the highlights and new insights with regard to the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. The more detailed Quadrennial Assessment will be made available in 2018.

Published
2017

22. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2016

Author

Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Austin, A., Bais, A., Ballaré, C., Barnes, P., Bernhard, G., Björn, L., Bornman, Janet, Erickson, D., De Gruijl, F., Häder, D., Ilyas, M., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., McKenzie, R., Neale, R., Norval, M., Pandey, K., Paul, N., Redhwi, H., Robinson, S., Rose, K., Shao, M., Sinha, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Torikai, A., Tourpali, K., Williamson, C., Wilson, S., Wängberg, S., Worrest, R., Young, A., Zepp, R., Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Austin, A., Bais, A., Ballaré, C., Barnes, P., Bernhard, G., Björn, L., Bornman, Janet, Erickson, D., De Gruijl, F., Häder, D., Ilyas, M., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., McKenzie, R., Neale, R., Norval, M., Pandey, K., Paul, N., Redhwi, H., Robinson, S., Rose, K., Shao, M., Sinha, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Torikai, A., Tourpali, K., Williamson, C., Wilson, S., Wängberg, S., Worrest, R., Young, A., and Zepp, R.

Abstract

© 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry and Owner Societies. The Parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three Panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues. The first focus is the effects of UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The second focus is on interactions between UV radiation and global climate change and how these may affect humans and the environment. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than previously believed. As a result of this, human health and environmental issues will be longer-lasting and more regionally variable. Like the other Panels, the EEAP produces a detailed report every four years; the most recent was published as a series of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter Progress Reports of the relevant scientific findings. The most recent of these was for 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2016, 15, 141-147). The present Progress Report for 2016 assesses some of the highlights and new insights with regard to the interactive nature of the direct and indirect effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change. The more detailed Quadrennial Assessment will be made available in 2018.

Published
2017

23. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2015

Author

Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Austin, A., Bais, A., Ballaré, C., Barnes, P., Bernhard, G., Björn, L., Bornman, Janet, Erickson, D., De Gruijl, F., Häder, D., Ilyas, M., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., McKenzie, R., Neale, R., Norval, M., Pandey, K., Paul, N., Redhwi, H., Robinson, S., Rose, K., Shao, M., Sinha, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Torikai, A., Tourpali, K., Williamson, C., Wilson, S., Wängberg, S., Worrest, R., Young, A., Zepp, R., Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Austin, A., Bais, A., Ballaré, C., Barnes, P., Bernhard, G., Björn, L., Bornman, Janet, Erickson, D., De Gruijl, F., Häder, D., Ilyas, M., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., McKenzie, R., Neale, R., Norval, M., Pandey, K., Paul, N., Redhwi, H., Robinson, S., Rose, K., Shao, M., Sinha, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Torikai, A., Tourpali, K., Williamson, C., Wilson, S., Wängberg, S., Worrest, R., Young, A., and Zepp, R.

Abstract

The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels that regularly informs the Parties (countries) to the Montreal Protocol on the effects of ozone depletion and the consequences of climate change interactions with respect to human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The Panels provide a detailed assessment report every four years. The most recent 2014 Quadrennial Assessment by the EEAP was published as a special issue of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). The next Quadrennial Assessment will be published in 2018/2019. In the interim, the EEAP generally produces an annual update or progress report of the relevant scientific findings. The present progress report for 2015 assesses some of the highlights and new insights with regard to the interactive nature of the effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change.

Published
2016

25. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: 2014 assessment Executive summary

Author

Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Austin, A., Bais, A., Ballaré, C., Barnes, P., Bernhard, G., Bornman, Janet, Caldwell, M., De Gruijl, F., Erickson, D., Flint, S., Gao, K., Gies, P., Häder, D., Ilyas, M., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., McKenzie, R., Neale, R., Norval, M., Pandy, K., Paul, N., Rautio, M., Redhwi, H., Robinson, S., Rose, K., Shao, M., Sinha, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, X., Torikai, A., Tourpali, K., Van Der Leun, J., Wängberg, S., Williamson, C., Wilson, S., Worrest, R., Young, A., Zepp, R., Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Austin, A., Bais, A., Ballaré, C., Barnes, P., Bernhard, G., Bornman, Janet, Caldwell, M., De Gruijl, F., Erickson, D., Flint, S., Gao, K., Gies, P., Häder, D., Ilyas, M., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., McKenzie, R., Neale, R., Norval, M., Pandy, K., Paul, N., Rautio, M., Redhwi, H., Robinson, S., Rose, K., Shao, M., Sinha, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, X., Torikai, A., Tourpali, K., Van Der Leun, J., Wängberg, S., Williamson, C., Wilson, S., Worrest, R., Young, A., and Zepp, R.

Published
2015

26. Solar ultraviolet radiation in a changing climate

Author

Williamson, C., Zepp, R., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., Austin, A., Ballaré, C., Norval, M., Sulzberger, B., Bais, A., McKenzie, R., Robinson, S., Häder, D., Paul, N., Bornman, Janet, Williamson, C., Zepp, R., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., Austin, A., Ballaré, C., Norval, M., Sulzberger, B., Bais, A., McKenzie, R., Robinson, S., Häder, D., Paul, N., and Bornman, Janet

Abstract

The projected large increases in damaging ultraviolet radiation as a result of global emissions of ozone-depleting substances have been forestalled by the success of the Montreal Protocol. New challenges are now arising in relation to climate change. We highlight the complex interactions between the drivers of climate change and those of stratospheric ozone depletion, and the positive and negative feedbacks among climate, ozone and ultraviolet radiation. These will result in both risks and benefits of exposure to ultraviolet radiation for the environment and human welfare. This Review synthesizes these new insights and their relevance in a world where changes in climate as well as in stratospheric ozone are altering exposure to ultraviolet radiation with largely unknown consequences for the biosphere.

Published
2014

28. Summary and recommendations

Author

Hunter, K.A, Boyd, P.W, Bruland, K.W, Buffle, J, Buat-Menard, P, de Baar, H.J.W., Duce, R.A, Sunda, W.J, Jickells, T.D, Moffett, J.W, Rue, E.L, Spokes, L.J, Sulzberger, B, Turner, D.R, Waite, T.D, Watson, A.J, Whitfield, M, Turner, D, Hunter, K A, and Ocean Ecosystems

Published
2001

29. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change : progress report, 2011

Author

Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Austin, A., Bais, A., Ballare, C., Bjorn, L., Bornman, J., Caldwell, M., Cullen, A., Erickson, D., de Gruijl, F., Häder, D., Helbling, W., Ilyas, M., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R., McKenzie, R., Madronich, S., Norval, M., Paul, N., Redwhi, H., Robinson, S., Saho, M., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, X., Torikai, A., van den Leun, J., Williamson, C., Wilson, S., Worrest, R., Zepp, R., Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Austin, A., Bais, A., Ballare, C., Bjorn, L., Bornman, J., Caldwell, M., Cullen, A., Erickson, D., de Gruijl, F., Häder, D., Helbling, W., Ilyas, M., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R., McKenzie, R., Madronich, S., Norval, M., Paul, N., Redwhi, H., Robinson, S., Saho, M., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, X., Torikai, A., van den Leun, J., Williamson, C., Wilson, S., Worrest, R., and Zepp, R.

Abstract

The parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues. The first focus is the effects of increased UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The second focus is on interactions between UV radiation and global climate change and how these may affect humans and the environment. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than believed previously. As a result of this, human health and environmental problems will be longer-lasting and more regionally variable. Like the other panels, the EEAP produces a detailed report every four years; the most recent was published in 2010 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2011, 10, 173–300). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter progress reports, which highlight and assess the significance of developments in key areas of importance to the parties. The next full quadrennial report will be published in 2014–2015.

Published
2012

30. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2009

Author

Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Bais, A., Ballare, C., Bjorn, L., Bornman, J., Caldwell, M., Cullen, A., Erickson, D., Gruijl, F., Hader, D., Ilyas, Mohammad, Kulandaivelu, G., Kumar, H., Longstreth, J., McKenzie, Richard, Norval, M., Paul, Nigel, Redhwi, H., Smith, R., Solomon, Keith, Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, Xiaoyan, Teramura, A., Torikai, A., van der Leun, J., Wilson, Stephen, Worrest, R., Zepp, R., Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Bais, A., Ballare, C., Bjorn, L., Bornman, J., Caldwell, M., Cullen, A., Erickson, D., Gruijl, F., Hader, D., Ilyas, Mohammad, Kulandaivelu, G., Kumar, H., Longstreth, J., McKenzie, Richard, Norval, M., Paul, Nigel, Redhwi, H., Smith, R., Solomon, Keith, Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, Xiaoyan, Teramura, A., Torikai, A., van der Leun, J., Wilson, Stephen, Worrest, R., and Zepp, R.

Published
2010

31. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2008

Author

Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Bais, A., Ballare, C., Bjorn, L., Bornman, Janet, Caldwell, M., Cullen, A., Erickson, D., de Gruijl, F., Hader, D., Ilyas, M., Kulandaivelu, G., Kumar, H., Longstreth, J., McKenzie, R., Norval, M., Paul, N., Redhwi, H., Smith, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, X., Teramura, A., Torikai, A., van der Leun, J., Wilson, S., Worrest, R., Zepp, R., Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Bais, A., Ballare, C., Bjorn, L., Bornman, Janet, Caldwell, M., Cullen, A., Erickson, D., de Gruijl, F., Hader, D., Ilyas, M., Kulandaivelu, G., Kumar, H., Longstreth, J., McKenzie, R., Norval, M., Paul, N., Redhwi, H., Smith, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, X., Teramura, A., Torikai, A., van der Leun, J., Wilson, S., Worrest, R., and Zepp, R.

Abstract

After the enthusiastic celebration of the 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 2007, the work for the protection of the ozone layer continues. The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel is one of the three expert panels within the Montreal Protocol. This EEAP deals with the increase of the UV irradiance on the Earth's surface and its effects on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality and materials. For the past few years, interactions of ozone depletion with climate change have also been considered. It has become clear that the environmental problems will be long-lasting. In spite of the fact that the worldwide production of ozone depleting chemicals has already been reduced by 95%, the environmental disturbances are expected to persist for about the next half a century, even if the protective work is actively continued, and completed. The latest full report was published in Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2007, 6, 201-332, and the last progress report in Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2008, 7, 15-27. The next full report on environmental effects is scheduled for the year 2010. The present progress report 2008 is one of the short interim reports, appearing annually.

Published
2009

32. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2008

Author

Wilson, S. R., Ballare, C, Bjorn, L, Caldwell, M, Andrady, A, Aucamp, P, Bais, A, Solomon, Keith R., Tang, Xiaoyan, Kulandaivelu, G, Longstreth, J, Hader, D P, Worrest, R C, Erickson, D J, van der Leun, J C, Teramura, A H, Redhwi, H, McKenzie, Richard L, Kumar, H D, Takizawa, Y, Gruijl, F R, Smith, R C, Torikai, A, Zepp, R G, Cullen, A P, Norval, M, Sulzberger, B, Paul, Nigel, Bornman, J R, Ilyas, Mohammad, Wilson, S. R., Ballare, C, Bjorn, L, Caldwell, M, Andrady, A, Aucamp, P, Bais, A, Solomon, Keith R., Tang, Xiaoyan, Kulandaivelu, G, Longstreth, J, Hader, D P, Worrest, R C, Erickson, D J, van der Leun, J C, Teramura, A H, Redhwi, H, McKenzie, Richard L, Kumar, H D, Takizawa, Y, Gruijl, F R, Smith, R C, Torikai, A, Zepp, R G, Cullen, A P, Norval, M, Sulzberger, B, Paul, Nigel, Bornman, J R, and Ilyas, Mohammad

Abstract

After the enthusiastic celebration of the 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer in 2007, the work for the proctection of the ozone layer continues. The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel is one of the three expert panels within the Montreal Protocol.

Published
2008

33. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2007

Author

Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Alkiviadis, B., Ballare, C., Bjorn, L., Bornman, Janet, Caldwell, M., Cullen, A., Erickson, D., de Gruijl, F., Hader, D., Ilyas, M., Kulandaivelu, G., Kumar, H., Longstreth, J., McKenzie, R., Norval, M., Paul, N., Redhwi, H., Smith, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, X., Teramura, A., Torikai, A., van der Leun, J., Wilson, S., Worrest, R., Zepp, R., Andrady, A., Aucamp, P., Alkiviadis, B., Ballare, C., Bjorn, L., Bornman, Janet, Caldwell, M., Cullen, A., Erickson, D., de Gruijl, F., Hader, D., Ilyas, M., Kulandaivelu, G., Kumar, H., Longstreth, J., McKenzie, R., Norval, M., Paul, N., Redhwi, H., Smith, R., Solomon, K., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, X., Teramura, A., Torikai, A., van der Leun, J., Wilson, S., Worrest, R., and Zepp, R.

Abstract

Since the first assessments in 1989, the complexity of the linkages between ozone depletion, UV-Bradiation and climate change has become more apparent. This makes it even clearer than before that we are dealing with long-term developments, which can be complicated by large year-to-year variability.

Published
2008

34. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: Progress report, 2004

Author

Andrady, A, Aucamp, P, Bais, A, Ballare, C., Bjorn, L, Bornman, J R, Caldwell, M, Callaghan, T, Cullen, A P, Erickson, D J, de Gruijl, F R, Hader, D P, Ilyas, Mohammad, Kulandaivelu, G, Kumar, H D, Longstreth, J, McKenzie, Richard L, Norval, M, Redhwi, H, Smith, R C, Solomon, Keith R., Sulzberger, B, Takizawa, Y, Tang, Xiaoyan, Teramura, A H, Torikai, A, van der Leun, J C, Wilson, Stephen R, Worrest, R C, Zepp, R. G., Andrady, A, Aucamp, P, Bais, A, Ballare, C., Bjorn, L, Bornman, J R, Caldwell, M, Callaghan, T, Cullen, A P, Erickson, D J, de Gruijl, F R, Hader, D P, Ilyas, Mohammad, Kulandaivelu, G, Kumar, H D, Longstreth, J, McKenzie, Richard L, Norval, M, Redhwi, H, Smith, R C, Solomon, Keith R., Sulzberger, B, Takizawa, Y, Tang, Xiaoyan, Teramura, A H, Torikai, A, van der Leun, J C, Wilson, Stephen R, Worrest, R C, and Zepp, R. G.

Abstract

The complexity of the linkages between ozone depletion, UV-B radiation and climate change has become more apparent.

Published
2005

35. Chemistry of the solid-water interface: processes at the mineral-water and particle-water interface in natural systems.

Author

Stumm W., Sigg L., Sulzberger B., Stumm W., Sigg L., and Sulzberger B.

Abstract

The work is aimed at students and researchers and provides an introduction to solid-water interface chemistry. It focuses on the interaction of solutes with solid surfaces and stresses surface chemical principles that can be applied in the geochemistry of natural waters, soils, sediments and in water technology. There are 11 chapters: Introduction; The coordination chemistry of the hydrous oxide-water interface; Surface charge and the electric double layer; Adsorption; The kinetics of surface controlled dissolution of oxide minerals - an introduction to weathering; Precipitation and nucleation; Particle-particle interaction; Carbonates and their reactivities; Redox processes mediated by surfaces; Heterogeneous photochemistry; and Regulation of trace elements by the solid-water interface in surface waters. A list of references and a subject index are included., The work is aimed at students and researchers and provides an introduction to solid-water interface chemistry. It focuses on the interaction of solutes with solid surfaces and stresses surface chemical principles that can be applied in the geochemistry of natural waters, soils, sediments and in water technology. There are 11 chapters: Introduction; The coordination chemistry of the hydrous oxide-water interface; Surface charge and the electric double layer; Adsorption; The kinetics of surface controlled dissolution of oxide minerals - an introduction to weathering; Precipitation and nucleation; Particle-particle interaction; Carbonates and their reactivities; Redox processes mediated by surfaces; Heterogeneous photochemistry; and Regulation of trace elements by the solid-water interface in surface waters. A list of references and a subject index are included.

Published
1992

37. Oxidative Transformations of Contaminants in Natural and in Technical Systems

Author

Canonica, S., Egli, T., Giger, W., Klausen, J., von Gunten, U., and Sulzberger, B.

Subjects
Photochemical Degradation, Substituted Phenols, Hydrogen-Peroxide, Singlet Oxygen, (Hydr)Oxides, Fe(Ii), Rate Constants, Reductive Dissolution, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Chemistry, Bromate Formation, Surface Waters, QD1-999
Abstract

In this paper, we present case studies of oxidative transformations of contaminants by oxidants which are relevant in natural and in technical systems. These oxidants are reactive oxygen species (ROS), manganese(III,IV), iron(III), and molecular dioxygen (O2). Regarding ROS, we discuss i) their concentrations and their efficiencies as oxidants in natural waters and in water treatment, ii) reactions occurring in bromide-containing waters in the presence of ROS, iii) role of iron in the formation of ROS, and iv) quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) of reactions of ROS with contaminants. Concerning MnIII and MnIV as oxidants, we present experimental studies on the oxidation of anilines by δ-MnO2. With respect to oxidative transformation of the hydrophilic organic contaminants ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and nitrilotriacetate (NTA), we show that these organic complexing agents are efficiently oxidized by FeIII and O2, respectively, if catalyzed by light (for the oxidation of EDTA by FeIII and by enzymes (for the oxidation of NTA by O2).

Published
1997

41. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: 2010 assessment Executive summary

Author

Andrady, A. L., Aueamp, P. J., Austin, A., Bais, A. F., Carlos Ballare, Bjom, L. O., Bomman, J. F., Caldwell, M. M., Cullen, A. P., Gruijl, F. R., Erickson, D. J., Flint, S. D., Hãder, D. -P, Hamid, H. S., Ilyas, M., Longstreth, J., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., Mckenzie, R. L., Norval, M., Paul, N. D., Robinson, R., Shao, M., Solomon, K. R., Sulzberger, B., Takizawa, Y., Tang, X., Torikai, A., Leun, J. C., Williamson, C. E., Wilson, S. R., Worrest, R. C., and Zepp, R. O.

44. Plastics in the environment in the context of UV radiation, climate change and the Montreal Protocol: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2023.

Author

Jansen MAK, Andrady AL, Bornman JF, Aucamp PJ, Bais AF, Banaszak AT, Barnes PW, Bernhard GH, Bruckman LS, Busquets R, Häder DP, Hanson ML, Heikkilä AM, Hylander S, Lucas RM, Mackenzie R, Madronich S, Neale PJ, Neale RE, Olsen CM, Ossola R, Pandey KK, Petropavlovskikh I, Revell LE, Robinson SA, Robson TM, Rose KC, Solomon KR, Andersen MPS, Sulzberger B, Wallington TJ, Wang QW, Wängberg SÅ, White CC, Young AR, Zepp RG, and Zhu L

Subjects
Humans, Ecosystem, Ultraviolet Rays, Climate Change, Plastics toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
Abstract

This Assessment Update by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) considers the interactive effects of solar UV radiation, global warming, and other weathering factors on plastics. The Assessment illustrates the significance of solar UV radiation in decreasing the durability of plastic materials, degradation of plastic debris, formation of micro- and nanoplastic particles and accompanying leaching of potential toxic compounds. Micro- and nanoplastics have been found in all ecosystems, the atmosphere, and in humans. While the potential biological risks are not yet well-established, the widespread and increasing occurrence of plastic pollution is reason for continuing research and monitoring. Plastic debris persists after its intended life in soils, water bodies and the atmosphere as well as in living organisms. To counteract accumulation of plastics in the environment, the lifetime of novel plastics or plastic alternatives should better match the functional life of products, with eventual breakdown releasing harmless substances to the environment., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Environmental plastics in the context of UV radiation, climate change, and the Montreal Protocol.

Author

Jansen MAK, Andrady AL, Barnes PW, Busquets R, Revell LE, Bornman JF, Aucamp PJ, Bais AF, Banaszak AT, Bernhard GH, Bruckman LS, Häder DP, Hanson ML, Heikkilä AM, Hylander S, Lucas RM, Mackenzie R, Madronich S, Neale PJ, Neale RE, Olsen CM, Ossola R, Pandey KK, Petropavlovskikh I, Robinson SA, Robson TM, Rose KC, Solomon KR, Sulbæk Andersen MP, Sulzberger B, Wallington TJ, Wang QW, Wängberg SÅ, White CC, Young AR, Zepp RG, and Zhu L

Subjects
Climate Change, Environmental Pollution, Weather, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects, Solar Energy
Abstract

There are close links between solar UV radiation, climate change, and plastic pollution. UV-driven weathering is a key process leading to the degradation of plastics in the environment but also the formation of potentially harmful plastic fragments such as micro- and nanoplastic particles. Estimates of the environmental persistence of plastic pollution, and the formation of fragments, will need to take in account plastic dispersal around the globe, as well as projected UV radiation levels and climate change factors., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Impacts of Polar Changes on the UV-induced Mineralization of Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Matter.

Author

Sulzberger B and Arey JS

Subjects
Arctic Regions, Climate, Permafrost, Climate Change, Ecosystem
Abstract

Local climates in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere are influenced by Arctic Amplification and by interactions of the Antarctic ozone hole with climate change, respectively. Polar changes may affect hydroclimatic conditions in temperate regions, for example, by increasing the length and intensity of precipitation events at Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. Additionally, global warming has led to the thawing of ancient permafrost soils, particularly in Arctic regions, due to Arctic Amplification. Both heavy precipitation events and thawing of permafrost are increasing the net transfer of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) from land to surface waters. In aquatic ecosystems, UV-induced oxidation of terrigenous DOM (tDOM) produces atmospheric CO2 and this process is one of several mechanisms by which natural organic matter in aquatic and soil environments may play an important role in climate feedbacks. The Arctic is particularly affected by these processes: for example, melting of Arctic sea ice allows solar UV radiation to penetrate into the ice-free Arctic Ocean and to cause photochemical reactions that result in bleaching and mineralization of tDOM. Open questions, in addition to those shown in the Graphical Abstract, remain regarding the resulting contributions of tDOM photomineralization to CO2 production and global warming.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, solar UV radiation, and climate change on biogeochemical cycling: interactions and feedbacks.

Author

Erickson DJ 3rd, Sulzberger B, Zepp RG, and Austin AT

Abstract

Climate change modulates the effects of solar UV radiation on biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, particularly for carbon cycling, resulting in UV-mediated positive or negative feedbacks on climate. Possible positive feedbacks discussed in this assessment include: (i) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of above ground litter due to aridification; (ii) enhanced UV-induced mineralisation of photoreactive dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic ecosystems due to changes in continental runoff and ice melting; (iii) reduced efficiency of the biological pump due to UV-induced bleaching of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in stratified aquatic ecosystems, where CDOM protects phytoplankton from the damaging solar UV-B radiation. Mineralisation of organic matter results in the production and release of CO2, whereas the biological pump is the main biological process for CO2 removal by aquatic ecosystems. This paper also assesses the interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on the biogeochemical cycling of aerosols and trace gases other than CO2, as well as of chemical and biological contaminants. Interacting effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on biogeochemical cycles are particularly pronounced at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2011.

Author

Andrady AL, Aucamp PJ, Austin AT, Bais AF, Ballaré CL, Björn LO, Bornman JF, Caldwell M, Cullen AP, Erickson DJ, de Gruijl FR, Häder DP, He W, Ilyas M, Longstreth J, Lucas R, McKenzie RL, Madronich S, Norval M, Paul ND, Redhwi HH, Robinson S, Shao M, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Takizawa Y, Tang X, Torikai A, van der Leun JC, Williamson CE, Wilson SR, Worrest RC, and Zepp RG

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Ultraviolet Rays, Climate Change, Ozone analysis
Abstract

The parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with two focal issues. The first focus is the effects of increased UV radiation on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The second focus is on interactions between UV radiation and global climate change and how these may affect humans and the environment. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than believed previously. As a result of this, human health and environmental problems will be longer-lasting and more regionally variable. Like the other panels, the EEAP produces a detailed report every four years; the most recent was published in 2010 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2011, 10, 173-300). In the years in between, the EEAP produces less detailed and shorter progress reports, which highlight and assess the significance of developments in key areas of importance to the parties. The next full quadrennial report will be published in 2014-2015., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry and Owner Societies 2012)

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2009.

Author

Andrady A, Aucamp PJ, Bais AF, Ballaré CL, Björn LO, Bornman JF, Caldwell M, Cullen AP, Erickson DJ, deGruijl FR, Häder DP, Ilyas M, Kulandaivelu G, Kumar HD, Longstreth J, McKenzie RL, Norval M, Paul N, Redhwi HH, Smith RC, Solomon KR, Sulzberger B, Takizawa Y, Tang X, Teramura AH, Torikai A, van der Leun JC, Wilson SR, Worrest RC, and Zepp RG

Subjects
Air analysis, Animals, Ecosystem, Humans, Ultraviolet Rays adverse effects, Climate Change, Environment, Ozone analysis, Program Development
Abstract

The parties to the Montreal Protocol are informed by three panels of experts. One of these is the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), which deals with UV radiation and its effects on human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality and materials. Since 2000, the analyses and interpretation of these effects have included interactions between UV radiation and global climate change. When considering the effects of climate change, it has become clear that processes resulting in changes in stratospheric ozone are more complex than believed previously. As a result of this, human health and environmental problems will likely be longer-lasting and more regionally variable. Like the other panels, the EEAP produces a detailed report every four years; the most recent was that for 2006 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2007, 6, 201-332). In the years in between, the EEAP produces a less detailed and shorter progress report, as is the case for this present one for 2009. A full quadrennial report will follow for 2010.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Wavelength-dependence of photoreductive dissolution of lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH) in the absence and presence of the siderophore DFOB.

Author

Borer P, Sulzberger B, Hug SJ, Kraemer SM, and Kretzschmar R

Subjects
Ligands, Light, Oxidation-Reduction, Water chemistry, Deferoxamine chemistry, Ferric Compounds chemistry, Siderophores chemistry
Abstract

Photoreductive dissolution of lepidocrocite (gamma-FeOOH) in the presence/absence of the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) was investigated at different wavelengths. At pH 3 in the absence of DFOB, Fe(II) formation rates normalized to the photon flux increased with decreasing wavelengths below 515 nm, consistent with enhanced Fe(II) formation at lower wavelengths by photolysis of surface Fe(III)-hydroxo groups or by surface scavenging of photoelectrons generated in the semiconducting bulk. In the presence of DFOB at pH 3, photoreductive dissolution rates, normalized to the photon flux, increased more strongly with decreasing wavelengths below 440 nm. We hypothesize that acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of DFOB generates degradation products that form photoreactive surface complexes leading to an increase in photodissolution rates at low pH. At pH 8 in the presence of DFOB, normalized photodissolution rates had a maximum in the spectral window 395-435 nm and were significantly smaller at lower wavelengths, suggesting that adsorbed DFOB is directly involved in the reduction of surface Fe(III) by a light-induced ligand-to-metal charge-transfer reaction within the surface Fe(III)-DFOB complex. The strong response in the visible light suggests that photoreductive dissolution of iron (hydr)oxides promoted by siderophores with hydroxamic acid groups may occur deep into in the euphotic zone of oceans.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results