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In the scenario of COVID-19, the online learning capacity has increased much more than the face to face or traditional learning. Due to the increased capacity of online learning in higher education, the quality of online learning has serious concerns. To achieve the minimum requirements of quality in online learning for sustainable development, it is important to review the quality assurance principles and strategies. A brief review of the literature was conducted to define the quality of online learning, presented some quality assurance indicators for online learning, and discussed some online learning models by selecting 27 published articles through inclusion and exclusion criteria for performing a systematic review of the literature. The review showed that learner-teacher interaction, learner's prompt feedback, learner's support service, applying appropriate media, tools for online learning, and planned documented technology application for the assurance of quality in online learning are important quality indicators. Some quality assurance models for online learning are also presented in this study for the implication of these models according to the learning requirement to ensure the online learning quality.

This research assesses the quality of technology integration in practicum experiences of teacher training programs. The purpose is to evaluate their readiness to integrate technology into their practices as teachers of practice. Relevant research questions focus on the effectiveness of practicum, the level of technology awareness among the prospective teachers, and issues of concern in implementing technology. This research uses surveys to collect data on pre-service teachers' use of technology in practice teaching contexts. This includes preparedness, perceived ways of implementing the technology expectations of the degree of success that would be achieved in increasing the engagement of students, and the extent of improvement in the learning outcomes that would be achieved. Studies showed that most pre-service teachers lacked self-confidence and were not well-prepared as regards the use of technology in teaching. Constraints such as lack of mentorship, shortage of practice and poor resource mobility were realized. These findings are consistent with past work regarding the utility of the TPACK framework specifically for connecting content, pedagogy, and technology knowledge. Based on the findings of the study, it is argued that teacher training programs require structural changes that should focus on the improvement of the mentorship process, practical experience, and objectives concerning technology integration into learning. These improvements are important to prepare future educators to function in digital classrooms efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Environmental Awareness is a part of Millennium Development Goals by United Nations. Huge research work is being done on Environmental Science under the charter of United Nations to highlight threats to humanity under two famous domains Climate Change and Global Warming. Our religion also focuses on the importance of Environmental Education. The study focused to assess the perception of Trainee Teachers towards Environmental Awareness at Tertiary Level of Education in Pakistan and to compare the performance of control and experimental group of trainee teachers on Environmental Awareness at Tertiary Level. Mixed method techniques were applied to obtain the results. Two groups of 30 Trainee Teachers in each group from Federal College of Education, Islamabad were taken as the sample of the study for experiment. The questionnaire was developed on five point Likert scale. It was found that level of Environmental Awareness was very high in the results of Post Test as compared to Pre Test results. It was recommended that the Environmental Awareness should be made compulsory part of Tertiary Education.

The effects of reward system on student of Chak Shahzad performance and there learning behavior at primary level were explored in this study. The incentive Theory was used in this investigation. This theory is critical to comprehend a student's performance and learning behavior. In this study descriptive research method was selected. The influence of the reward system on students' performance was investigated using questionnaires. A total of 200 students were chosen as a sample from Windsor International school Chak shahzad, Islamabad. This study's findings showed that a student's reward system significantly affects their performance at the elementary level. Moreover, this study provided a substantial contribution to understanding the links between reward systems and primary school students' performance and learning processes at primary level. It is recommended that a university- level study be done to determine the elements influencing students' psychological well-being measure in order to improve their academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigates the Effectiveness of teacher's centered approach on student's learning at the university level. The objectives of the investigation were to explore the impact of teacher centered approach on students learning at university level. To investigate the student's attitude toward teacher's centered approach, to see the effects of demographic factors of students at the university level. University students of Islamabad were the population and the size of the sample was 120 students. The snowball sampling technique was used by the researcher to collect the data. Descriptive research was the design of the current investigation. The investigation was quantitative in nature and the researcher has developed questionnaire for the purpose of data collection from the participants of the study. There were 12 close ended items in the developed questionnaire. SPSS was used to analyze the data of the investigation i-e Descriptive Statistics (Frequency, Percentage, Mean) and Inferential statistics (regression) is used. It was concluded that there was a positive impact of teacher centered approach, and the student's attitude are encouraging of regarding the teacher-centered approach at the university level, it is also considered as an important factor for students during learning at the university level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Washback effect is the impact that tests have on teaching and learning, and are instructions to the notion that test should drive learning (Sohamy, 1993). In Pakistan it has generally been observed that the exams papers do not assess and evaluate English language skills of the learners. The current study has analyzed the content of the English question papers of 5th and 8th grade of PEC, identified the language skills that are assessed in these English papers and investigated the washback effects of these question papers on the learning of English language of 5th and 8th grade students. By employing quantitative research methods, the data for the study was collected in two modes that included five years i.e. 2014 - 2018 PEC English exam question papers of grade 5 and 8 and a survey of the washback effects of these exam via a closeended questionnaire. The questions in the exam papers of PEC were analyzed as per the dimensions in Bloom's Taxonomy, whereas, the data obtained via the close-ended questionnaires was statistically analyzed. The study has revealed that in both 5th and 8th grade PEC English exam papers primary focus is on developing two levels of learning i.e. knowledge, and application that develop rote-learning thus become impediment in using English language in meaningful contexts. PEC English exam papers only test the reading and writing skills that have negative washback effects on the linguistic competence of the learners. In English, as a second language in Pakistan, learners need to be tested for all the skills, as the testing of only reading and writing and neglecting the testing of listening and speaking results in partial language learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety is a common problem within today’s society – and it targets no specific age. The current study aimed to explore the perception of parents regarding preschool anxiety of their children, the level of anxiety in preschool children and suggests strategies parents may use to help their children cope. A Cross sectional survey design and a standardized Questionnaire, adopted from ‘Spence Child Anxiety Scale”- parent version (SCAS-p; Spence, 1999) was used. The data was analyzed using Mean and standard deviation. The findings reported that physical injury fear is the most common out of al anxiety disorders, separation anxiety ranks second, obsessive compulsive disorder is the third major anxiety disorder, while agoraphobia ranks fourth and social phobia and general anxiety appear to have the lowest mean. Recommendations are that parents may encourage their child to talk about her/his feelings and fears, find a trained therapist and take his/her child to all the therapy appointment and make fr [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study is conducted to evaluate the perception of the students about their learning environment in this class room, as well as the opportunities to build social skills provided by the class room environment. The study is conducted on the undergraduate university students and the data is collected by the 100 participants by using sampling techniques. Quantitative research design is used for this research study and data is analyzed by using SPSS software. The questionnaire is divided in different sub groups to analyze the perception of the students. The results show highest perception for the Total Instructional Presentation (TIP) with 24% and lowest perception for Total Formative Feedback with 12%. Means scores of the two different genders were compares and the results shows that there is no significant different between the perception of male and female for classroom environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]