767 results on '"Sukura, A."'
Search Results
2. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)‐associated benign penile lesions and squamous cell carcinomas
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Laura Tuomisto, Jenni Virtanen, Kristel Kegler, Lev Levanov, Antti Sukura, Tarja Sironen, and Maria Kareskoski
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equine papillomavirus 2 ,histopathology ,horse ,in situ hybridisation ,polymerase chain reaction ,SCC ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common genital, ocular and gastric tumour in horses. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) DNA has been detected in several studies in equine penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and precursor lesions providing evidence of a causal role of EcPV2 in equine genital SCCs. Recently, EcPV2 E6/E7 nucleic acids were also detected in equine gastric SCCs, but further studies are required to determine the role of EcPV2 infection in the pathogenesis of gastric SCC. EcPV2 nucleic acids have been rarely described in ocular SCCs and precursor lesions. Objectives To investigate the presence of EcPV2 nucleic acids with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridisation (ISH) in penile hyperplasias, papillomas and SCCs in horses and to determine whether EcPV2 nucleic acids can be detected in SCCs affecting other locations, including the stomach, ocular tissues and larynx. Methods Twenty‐one archival formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, including 12 genital lesions comprising penile hyperplasias, papillomas and SCCs, 6 ocular SCCs, 2 gastric SCCs and 1 laryngeal SCC, were screened by PCR and ISH for EcPV2 E6/E7 DNA and mRNA. Archival FFPE tissue samples (eyelid and penile mucosa and preputium) from six horses without a diagnosis or history of neoplastic or papillomavirus‐associated disease were included as controls. Results EcPV2 nucleic acids were detected by PCR and ISH in all genital lesions (12/12) and gastric SCCs (2/2), in two ocular SCCs (2/6) and in one laryngeal SCC (1/1). In control horses, one eyelid sample was positive in PCR but not in ISH. The remaining control samples were negative for EcPV2 E6/E7 nucleic acids in PCR and ISH. Conclusions These results further support the role of EcPV2 infection in the development of equine genital SCCs and suggest that EcPV2 infection may also act as a predisposing factor for other SCCs in horses, including gastric, ocular and laryngeal SCCs.
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- 2024
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3. Necropsy-based study on dairy cow mortality—Underlying causes of death
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K.A. Hagner, H.S. Nordgren, K. Aaltonen, K. Sarjokari, H. Rautala, T. Sironen, A. Sukura, and P.J. Rajala-Schultz
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dairy cow ,mortality ,cause of death ,necropsy ,histology ,Dairy processing. Dairy products ,SF250.5-275 ,Dairying ,SF221-250 - Abstract
ABSTRACT: The worldwide problem of increasing dairy cow mortality is widespread in modern production systems, it causes economic losses, and indicates problems with herd health and welfare. Most studies on causes of dairy cow mortality are limited as they are based on secondary register data, or questionnaires for producers or veterinarians, and neither necropsies nor histopathologic analyses are usually performed. For this reason, no definite causes for dairy cow deaths have been determined making it difficult or impossible to implement effective preventive measures. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the causes of on-farm mortality of Finnish dairy cows, (2) determine the usefulness of routine histopathologic analysis in bovine necropsies, and (3) assess how reliable producers' perception about the cause of death is. Underlying diagnoses of on-farm deaths were determined through necropsy of 319 dairy cows at an incineration plant. The necropsy data were combined with background information obtained from online questionnaires covering cow and herd records. Mastitis was the most common underlying diagnosis of death (26.6%), followed by digestive disorders (15.4%), other known disorders (13.8%), calving-associated disorders (12.2%), and locomotion disorders (11.9%). The underlying diagnoses of death varied during different stages of lactation and with parity. A large proportion of the study cows (46.7%) died during the first 30 d after calving, and of those, 63.6% died during the first 5 d. A routine histopathologic analysis was performed in every necropsy, and it changed the preliminary gross diagnosis in 18.2% of the cases. Producers' perception about the cause of death agreed with the necropsy-based underlying diagnosis of death in 42.8% of the cases. It was most consistent for mastitis, calving disorders, locomotion diseases, and accidents. In cases where producers had no insights about the cause of death, necropsy revealed the final underlying diagnosis in 88.2% of cases, demonstrating the usefulness of necropsy. Based on our findings, necropsies provide useful and reliable information to develop control programs for cow mortality. Including routine histopathologic analysis in necropsies, more accurate information may be obtained. Furthermore, targeting preventive measures on transitional cows may be most effective, as the number of deaths was highest at this time.
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- 2023
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4. Genomic insights into the host specific adaptation of the Pneumocystis genus.
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Cissé, Ousmane H, Ma, Liang, Dekker, John P, Khil, Pavel P, Youn, Jung-Ho, Brenchley, Jason M, Blair, Robert, Pahar, Bapi, Chabé, Magali, Van Rompay, Koen KA, Keesler, Rebekah, Sukura, Antti, Hirsch, Vanessa, Kutty, Geetha, Liu, Yueqin, Peng, Li, Chen, Jie, Song, Jun, Weissenbacher-Lang, Christiane, Xu, Jie, Upham, Nathan S, Stajich, Jason E, Cuomo, Christina A, Cushion, Melanie T, and Kovacs, Joseph A
- Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii, the fungal agent of human Pneumocystis pneumonia, is closely related to macaque Pneumocystis. Little is known about other Pneumocystis species in distantly related mammals, none of which are capable of establishing infection in humans. The molecular basis of host specificity in Pneumocystis remains unknown as experiments are limited due to an inability to culture any species in vitro. To explore Pneumocystis evolutionary adaptations, we have sequenced the genomes of species infecting macaques, rabbits, dogs and rats and compared them to available genomes of species infecting humans, mice and rats. Complete whole genome sequence data enables analysis and robust phylogeny, identification of important genetic features of the host adaptation, and estimation of speciation timing relative to the rise of their mammalian hosts. Our data reveals insights into the evolution of P. jirovecii, the sole member of the genus able to infect humans.
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- 2021
5. A Novel CARMIL2 Immunodeficiency Identified in a Subset of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Pneumocystis and Bordetella Pneumonia
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Emily L. Coffey, Liang Ma, Ousmane H. Cissé, Joseph A. Kovacs, Katie M. Minor, Antti Sukura, Patrizia Danesi, Steven G. Friedenberg, Jonah N. Cullen, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Julie C. Nadeau, Amber M. Graham, Martin N. Granick, Natalie K. Branson, Kyle C. Branson, Barbara Blasi, Casandra M. Jacobs, and Eva Furrow
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CARMIL2 ,Pneumocystis ,dog ,canine ,primary immunodeficiency ,combined immunodeficiency ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Pet dogs are a valuable natural animal model for studying relationships between primary immunodeficiencies and susceptibility to Pneumocystis and other opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Certain breeds, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, are over-represented for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), suggesting the presence of a primary immunodeficiency in the breed. Here, we report the discovery of a CARMIL2 nonsense variant in three Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs with either PCP (n = 2) or refractory Bordetella pneumonia (n = 1). CARMIL2 encodes a protein that plays critical roles in T-cell activation and other aspects of immune function. Deleterious CARMIL2 variants have recently been reported in human patients with PCP and other recurrent pneumonias. In addition to opportunistic respiratory infection, the affected dogs also exhibited other clinical manifestations of CARMIL2 deficiencies that have been reported in humans, including early-onset gastrointestinal disease, allergic skin disease, mucocutaneous lesions, abscesses, autoimmune disorders, and gastrointestinal parasitism. This discovery highlights the potential utility of a natural canine model in identifying and studying primary immunodeficiencies in patients affected by PCP.
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- 2024
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6. Dispersal of taeniid eggs: Experimental faecal contamination of forest environment followed by DNA detection in wild berries
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Malkamäki, Sanna, Oksanen, Antti, Näreaho, Anu, and Sukura, Antti
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- 2022
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7. Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica
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Seppo Saari, Kirsti Schildt, Sanna Malkamäki, Ulla Andersin, and Antti Sukura
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Apicomplexan ,Caryospora ,Cytology ,Dermatitis ,Feline ,Histopathology ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Caryospora bigenetica is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which in its primary hosts, typically snakes, is found it the intestine. Extraintestinal multiplication with the development of tissue cysts takes place in secondary hosts, which are normally prey for snakes. Natural infection in domestic animals has been reported only in dogs; this is the first report of C. bigenetica infection in a cat. Case presentation A stray kitten developed nodular dermatitis after being adopted by a shelter. Firm swelling, nodules, and crusts were present mainly on the nasal bridge, eyelids, and pinnae. Histopathology and cytology revealed severe pyogranulomatous inflammation with abundant intracellular organisms suggestive of apicomplexan protozoa. Treatment with clindamycin 13 mg/kg twice daily was initiated, but the cat was euthanized because of the worsening condition. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed parasite’s apicomplexan origin postmortem, and the causative agent was identified as C. bigenetica by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Conclusions We present the first case of a naturally occurring infection with C. bigenetica in a cat. Although the definitive etiological diagnosis relied on molecular identification, the abundance of unsporulated oocysts and caryocysts and the parasite's effective reproduction within macrophages and in several other cell types might have enabled differentiation from other protozoal infections and allowed a presumptive diagnosis through cytology and histopathology.
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- 2021
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8. Label-free quantitative proteomics and immunoblotting identifies immunoreactive and other excretory-secretory (E/S) proteins of Anoplocephala perfoliata
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Katja Hautala, Jami Pursiainen, Anu Näreaho, Tuula Nyman, Pekka Varmanen, Antti Sukura, Martin K. Nielsen, and Kirsi Savijoki
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tapeworm ,cestode ,horse ,E/S proteins ,LFQ-proteomics ,immunoproteomics ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Anoplocephala perfoliata is a common tapeworm in horses causing colic and even mortalities. Current diagnostic tests to detect A. perfoliata infections have their limitations and an improved method is needed. Immunoreactive excretory/secretory proteins (E/S proteome) of this parasite can provide promising candidates for diagnostic tests. We compared E/S proteins produced by small (length < 20 mm, width < 5 mm) and large (length 20 to 40 mm, width 5 to 10 mm) A. perfoliata worms in vitro by label-free quantitative proteomics using a database composed of related Hymenolepis diminuta, Echinococcus multilocularis/granulosus and Taenia aseatica proteins for protein identifications. Altogether, 509 E/S proteins were identified after incubating the worms in vitro for three and eight hours. The greatest E/S proteome changes suggested both worm size- and time-dependent changes in cytoskeleton remodeling, apoptosis, and production of antigens/immunogens. The E/S proteins collected at the three-hour time point represented the natural conditions better than those collected at the eight-hour time point, and thereby contained the most relevant diagnostic targets. Immunoblotting using antibodies from horses tested positive/negative for A. perfoliata indicated strongest antigenicity/immunogenicity with 13-, 30- and 100-kDa proteins, involving a thioredoxin, heat-shock chaperone 90 (Hsp90), dynein light chain component (DYNLL), tubulin-specific chaperone A (TBCA) and signaling pathway modulators (14-3-3 and Sj-Ts4). This is among the first studies identifying new diagnostic targets and A. perfoliata antigens eliciting a IgG-response in horses.
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- 2022
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9. Experimental Infection of Mink with SARS-COV-2 Omicron Variant and Subsequent Clinical Disease
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Jenni Virtanen, Kirsi Aaltonen, Kristel Kegler, Vinaya Venkat, Thanakorn Niamsap, Lauri Kareinen, Rasmus Malmgren, Olga Kivelä, Nina Atanasova, Pamela Österlund, Teemu Smura, Antti Sukura, Tomas Strandin, Lara Dutra, Olli Vapalahti, Heli Nordgren, Ravi Kant, and Tarja Sironen
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COVID-19 ,SARS-CoV-2 ,mink ,zoonoses ,models ,animals ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
We report an experimental infection of American mink with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and show that mink remain positive for viral RNA for days, experience clinical signs and histopathologic changes, and transmit the virus to uninfected recipients. Preparedness is crucial to avoid spread among mink and spillover to human populations.
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- 2022
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10. A Novel CARMIL2 Immunodeficiency Identified in a Subset of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Pneumocystis and Bordetella Pneumonia
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Coffey, Emily L., primary, Ma, Liang, additional, Cissé, Ousmane H., additional, Kovacs, Joseph A., additional, Minor, Katie M., additional, Sukura, Antti, additional, Danesi, Patrizia, additional, Friedenberg, Steven G., additional, Cullen, Jonah N., additional, Weissenbacher-Lang, Christiane, additional, Nadeau, Julie C., additional, Graham, Amber M., additional, Granick, Martin N., additional, Branson, Natalie K., additional, Branson, Kyle C., additional, Blasi, Barbara, additional, Jacobs, Casandra M., additional, and Furrow, Eva, additional
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- 2024
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11. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)‐associated benign penile lesions and squamous cell carcinomas
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Tuomisto, Laura, primary, Virtanen, Jenni, additional, Kegler, Kristel, additional, Levanov, Lev, additional, Sukura, Antti, additional, Sironen, Tarja, additional, and Kareskoski, Maria, additional
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- 2024
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12. Severe Spontaneous Atherosclerosis in two Korat Breed Cats is Comparable to Human Atherosclerosis
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Karkamo, Veera, Airas, Niina, Lindén, Jere, Hagner, Karoliina, Mäyränpää, Mikko I., Kovanen, Petri T., Sukura, Antti, and Kareinen, Ilona
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- 2021
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13. Experimental Infection of Mink with SARS-COV-2 Omicron Variant and Subsequent Clinical Disease
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Virtanen, Jenni, Aaltonen, Kirsi, Kegler, Kristel, Venkat, Vinaya, Niamsap, Thanakorn, Kareinen, Lauri, Malmgren, Rasmus, Kivela, Olga, Atanasova, Nina, Osterlund, Pamela, Smura, Teemu, Sukura, Antti, Strandin, Tomas, Dutra, Lara, Vapalahti, Olli, Nordgren, Heli, Kant, Ravi, and Sironen, Tarja
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Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Disease transmission -- Research ,Health - Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in farmed and feral American mink (Neovison vison) in multiple countries, and extensive environmental contamination and human-to-mink and mink-to-human transmission has been documented (1-5). These factors [...]
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- 2022
14. Cytokeratin 5 determines maturation of the mammary myoepithelium
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Deckwirth, Vivi, Rajakylä, Eeva Kaisa, Cattavarayane, Sandhanakrishnan, Acheva, Anna, Schaible, Niccole, Krishnan, Ramaswamy, Valle-Delgado, Juan José, Österberg, Monika, Björkenheim, Pia, Sukura, Antti, and Tojkander, Sari
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- 2021
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15. Dispersal of taeniid eggs: Experimental faecal contamination of forest environment followed by DNA detection in wild berries
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Sanna Malkamäki, Antti Oksanen, Anu Näreaho, and Antti Sukura
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Bilberry ,Lingonberry ,Taenia laticollis ,Taeniidae ,Tapeworm ,qPCR ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
To understand Taeniidae epidemiology, the principles of egg-dispersion dynamics under natural conditions must be known. In this study, non-zoonotic Taenia laticollis was used as a model parasite for the family Taeniidae (including Echinococcus spp.). An experiment to investigate dispersion from contaminated faeces to the surroundings was performed both with bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), both of which are commercially harvested wild berries in Finland. For this experiment, 30 g of fox faeces was inoculated with 30,000 T. laticollis eggs for the bilberry experiment and 100,000 eggs for the lingonberry experiment. The faecal material was placed in the middle of good berry growth areas in four locations for bilberries and eight locations for lingonberries. After 41–42 days, berries at different distances (0–15 m) from the original contamination spot were collected and delivered to our laboratory. DNA was extracted from washed and sieved material and analysed using T. laticollis-specific semi-quantitative SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Taenia laticollis-specific DNA was recovered from 67% (8/12) of bilberry samples but not reliably from any of the lingonberry samples 0% (0/24), although the exposure dose was higher for those. The qPCR results suggest that under natural conditions, taeniid egg dispersion from the contamination spot is demonstrated but attachment is berry specific. The surface of bilberries may be more adhesive for taeniid eggs than the waxier and harder pericarp of the lingonberries or there might be a difference in the dispersal mechanism caused by different biotopes.
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- 2022
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16. Genomic insights into the host specific adaptation of the Pneumocystis genus
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Ousmane H. Cissé, Liang Ma, John P. Dekker, Pavel P. Khil, Jung-Ho Youn, Jason M. Brenchley, Robert Blair, Bapi Pahar, Magali Chabé, Koen K. A. Van Rompay, Rebekah Keesler, Antti Sukura, Vanessa Hirsch, Geetha Kutty, Yueqin Liu, Li Peng, Jie Chen, Jun Song, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Jie Xu, Nathan S. Upham, Jason E. Stajich, Christina A. Cuomo, Melanie T. Cushion, and Joseph A. Kovacs
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Cissé, Ma et al. utilize genomic data from Pneumocystis species infecting macaques, rabbit, dogs and rats to investigate the molecular basis of host specificity in Pneumocystis. Their analyses provide insight to the specific adaptations enabling the infection of humans by P. jirovecii.
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- 2021
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17. Antibodies Against Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in European Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Finland
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Loikkanen, Emil, Oristo, Satu, Hämäläinen, Natalia, Jokelainen, Pikka, Kantala, Tuija, Sukura, Antti, and Maunula, Leena
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- 2020
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18. Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica
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Saari, Seppo, Schildt, Kirsti, Malkamäki, Sanna, Andersin, Ulla, and Sukura, Antti
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- 2021
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19. Berries as a potential transmission vehicle for taeniid eggs
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Malkamäki, Sanna, Näreaho, Anu, Oksanen, Antti, and Sukura, Antti
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- 2019
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20. Cytokeratin 5 determines maturation of the mammary myoepithelium
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Vivi Deckwirth, Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä, Sandhanakrishnan Cattavarayane, Anna Acheva, Niccole Schaible, Ramaswamy Krishnan, Juan José Valle-Delgado, Monika Österberg, Pia Björkenheim, Antti Sukura, and Sari Tojkander
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Cell Biology ,Developmental Biology ,Biophysics ,Science - Abstract
Summary: At invasion, transformed mammary epithelial cells expand into the stroma through a disrupted myoepithelial (ME) cell layer and basement membrane (BM). The intact ME cell layer has thus been suggested to act as a barrier against invasion. Here, we investigate the mechanisms behind the disruption of ME cell layer. We show that the expression of basal/ME proteins CK5, CK14, and α-SMA altered along increasing grade of malignancy, and their loss affected the maintenance of organotypic 3D mammary architecture. Furthermore, our data suggests that loss of CK5 prior to invasive stage causes decreased levels of Zinc finger protein SNAI2 (SLUG), a key regulator of the mammary epithelial cell lineage determination. Consequently, a differentiation bias toward luminal epithelial cell type was detected with loss of mature, α-SMA-expressing ME cells and reduced deposition of basement membrane protein laminin-5. Therefore, our data discloses the central role of CK5 in mammary epithelial differentiation and maintenance of normal ME layer.
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- 2021
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21. Botfly Cephenemyia ulrichii larvae in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx of a dog with respiratory signs
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K. M. Helkiö, J. Pohjoismäki, A. Näreaho, A. Sukura, and H. P. Laurila
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Small Animals - Published
- 2023
22. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli associated with granulomatous colitis and extraintestinal dissemination in a Sphynx cat
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Laura Tuomisto, Ravi Kant, Anna-Mariam Kiviranta, Kukka-Maaria Helkiö, Tarja Sironen, Antti Sukura, Rebecca P. Wilkes, Kristel Kegler, Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty Common Matters (Faculty of Medicine), Department of Virology, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Emerging Infections Research Group, Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Small Animal Hospital, Antti Sukura / Principal Investigator, Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, and Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
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adherent-invasive Escherichia coli ,General Veterinary ,Cat ,413 Veterinary science ,Extraintestinal dissemination ,Aiec ,Granulomatous colitis - Abstract
This case report describes a case of granulomatous colitis (GC) associated with adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) with extension to cecum and ileum and dissemination to multiple lymph nodes, the spleen, and brain in a 10-year-old, male Sphynx cat. The cat had an episode of diarrhea 4 months prior to consultation due to sudden blindness. Signs rapidly progressed to ataxia, seizures, and death. Gross and histologic findings were consistent with granulomatous inflammation in all affected organs. In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of intracellular E. coli within enterocytes and infiltrating macrophages, and whole genome sequencing identified virulence traits commonly linked to AIEC strain. This is the first characterization of GC in a cat associated to AIEC resembling the metastatic form of Crohn’s disease in humans and GC of dogs. Extraintestinal involvement might provide evidence of the ability of AIEC to promote granulomatous inflammation beyond the gut.
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- 2023
23. Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria can Cause Disseminated Mycobacteriosis in Cats
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Pekkarinen, H., Airas, N., Savolainen, L.E., Rantala, M., Kilpinen, S., Miuku, O., Speeti, M., Karkamo, V., Malkamäki, S., Vaara, M., Sukura, A., and Syrjä, P.
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- 2018
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24. Diversity and Complexity of the Large Surface Protein Family in the Compacted Genomes of Multiple Pneumocystis Species
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Liang Ma, Zehua Chen, Da Wei Huang, Ousmane H. Cissé, Jamie L. Rothenburger, Alice Latinne, Lisa Bishop, Robert Blair, Jason M. Brenchley, Magali Chabé, Xilong Deng, Vanessa Hirsch, Rebekah Keesler, Geetha Kutty, Yueqin Liu, Daniel Margolis, Serge Morand, Bapi Pahar, Li Peng, Koen K. A. Van Rompay, Xiaohong Song, Jun Song, Antti Sukura, Sabrina Thapar, Honghui Wang, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Jie Xu, Chao-Hung Lee, Claire Jardine, Richard A. Lempicki, Melanie T. Cushion, Christina A. Cuomo, and Joseph A. Kovacs
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classification ,conserved domains ,major surface glycoprotein ,phylogenetic analysis ,Pneumocystis ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Pneumocystis, a major opportunistic pathogen in patients with a broad range of immunodeficiencies, contains abundant surface proteins encoded by a multicopy gene family, termed the major surface glycoprotein (Msg) gene superfamily. This superfamily has been identified in all Pneumocystis species characterized to date, highlighting its important role in Pneumocystis biology. In this report, through a comprehensive and in-depth characterization of 459 msg genes from 7 Pneumocystis species, we demonstrate, for the first time, the phylogeny and evolution of conserved domains in Msg proteins and provide a detailed description of the classification, unique characteristics, and phylogenetic relatedness of five Msg families. We further describe, for the first time, the relative expression levels of individual msg families in two rodent Pneumocystis species, the substantial variability of the msg repertoires in P. carinii from laboratory and wild rats, and the distinct features of the expression site for the classic msg genes in Pneumocystis from 8 mammalian host species. Our analysis suggests multiple functions for this superfamily rather than just conferring antigenic variation to allow immune evasion as previously believed. This study provides a rich source of information that lays the foundation for the continued experimental exploration of the functions of the Msg superfamily in Pneumocystis biology. IMPORTANCE Pneumocystis continues to be a major cause of disease in humans with immunodeficiency, especially those with HIV/AIDS and organ transplants, and is being seen with increasing frequency worldwide in patients treated with immunodepleting monoclonal antibodies. Annual health care associated with Pneumocystis pneumonia costs ∼$475 million dollars in the United States alone. In addition to causing overt disease in immunodeficient individuals, Pneumocystis can cause subclinical infection or colonization in healthy individuals, which may play an important role in species preservation and disease transmission. Our work sheds new light on the diversity and complexity of the msg superfamily and strongly suggests that the versatility of this superfamily reflects multiple functions, including antigenic variation to allow immune evasion and optimal adaptation to host environmental conditions to promote efficient infection and transmission. These findings are essential to consider in developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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- 2020
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25. Spatial Variation of Trichinella Prevalence in Rats in Finnish Waste Disposal Sites
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Mikkonen, T., Valkama, J., Wihlman, H., and Sukura, A.
- Published
- 2005
26. A new SYBR green real-time PCR assay for semi-quantitative detection of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus canadensis DNA on bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus)
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Sanna Malkamäki, Anu Näreaho, Antti Lavikainen, Antti Oksanen, and Antti Sukura
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Berries and vegetables are potential transmission vehicles for eggs of pathogenic parasites, such as Echinococcus spp. We developed a SYBR Green based semi-quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method for detection of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus canadensis DNA from berry samples. A set of primers based on the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene was designed and evaluated. To assess the efficacy of the assay, we spiked bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) with a known amount of E. multilocularis eggs. The detection limit for the assay using the NAD1_88 primer set was 4.37 × 10−5 ng/μl of E. multilocularis DNA. Under artificial contamination of berries, 50 E. multilocularis eggs were reliably detected in 250 g of bilberries. Analytical sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 100% with three eggs. As an application of the assay, 21 bilberry samples from Finnish market places and 21 bilberry samples from Estonia were examined. Previously described sieving and DNA extraction methods were used, and the samples were analyzed for E. multilocularis and E. canadensis DNA using semi-quantitative real-time PCR and a melting curve analysis of the amplified products. Echinococcus DNA was not detected in any of the commercial berry samples. This easy and fast method can be used for an efficient detection of E. multilocularis and E. canadensis in bilberries or other berries, and it is applicable also for fruits and vegetables. Keywords: Cestoda, Echinococcus, qPCR, SYBR green, Bilberry
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- 2019
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27. High prevalence of zoonotic trematodes in roach (Rutilus rutilus) in the Gulf of Finland
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Anu Näreaho, Anna Maria Eriksson-Kallio, Petra Heikkinen, Anna Snellman, Antti Sukura, and Perttu Koski
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Holostephanus dubinini ,Metacercaria ,Metorchis bilis ,Posthodiplostomum ,Pseudamphistomum truncatum ,Roach ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract The intention to increase roach (Rutilus rutilus) consumption is in focus for ecological and economic reasons in Finland. However, its safety as food has not been considered comprehensively. We collected and artificially digested 85 roach halves originating from the south-eastern coast of Finland, and found trematode metacercariae in 98.8% of the samples. Based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of amplicons generated from the ITS2 gene region, zoonotic parasites of the family Opistorchiidae were identified as Pseudamphistomum truncatum and Metorchis bilis, and also non-zoonotic Holostephanus dubinini (family Cyathocotylidae) and Posthodiplostomum spp. (family Diplostomidae) were identified. The species identity of other trematodes found is currently being investigated. Mixed infections of several trematode species were common. The prevalence of morphologically identified zoonotic P. truncatum was 46%, and zoonotic M. bilis was found in one sequence sample. The high prevalence of zoonotic trematode metacercariae in roach from the Gulf of Finland is alarming. Only thoroughly cooked roach products can be recommended for human or animal consumption from the area.
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- 2017
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28. Necropsy-based study on dairy cow mortality—Underlying causes of death
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Hagner, K.A., primary, Nordgren, H.S., additional, Aaltonen, K., additional, Sarjokari, K., additional, Rautala, H., additional, Sironen, T., additional, Sukura, A., additional, and Rajala-Schultz, P.J., additional
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- 2023
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29. Associations between Trichinella Species and Host Species in Finland
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Oivanen, Leena, Pozio, Edoardo, La Rosa, Giuseppe, Mikkonen, Taina, and Sukura, Antti
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- 2002
- Full Text
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30. Carboxypeptidase A3 expression in canine mast cell tumors and tissue-resident mast cells
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Sanna Hämäläinen, Lauri Kareinen, Antti Sukura, Ilona Kareinen, Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Antti Sukura / Principal Investigator, and Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
- Subjects
mast cell tumor ,skin ,ENZYME ,Skin Neoplasms ,INHIBITION ,Carboxypeptidases ,liver ,413 Veterinary science ,SUBTYPES ,Dogs ,Animals ,Dog Diseases ,Mast Cells ,intestine ,RECEPTOR ,General Veterinary ,SECRETORY GRANULES ,mastocytoma ,CHYMASE ,C-KIT ,NEUROTENSIN ,PROTEASES ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ,DENSITY ,dog ,immunohistochemistry ,CPA3 ,spleen ,Tryptases - Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are one of the most common cutaneous malignancies in dogs. Previous studies have reported expression of mast cell–specific proteases chymase and tryptase in canine cutaneous MCTs and in connective tissue and mucosal mast cells. In humans and rodents, mast cells express an additional specific protease, carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3). In this article, we describe CPA3 immunoreactivity in connective tissue, visceral, mucosal, and neoplastic mast cells in dogs. Positive immunolabeling for CPA3 was observed in nonneoplastic mast cells in 20/20 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal tissues (skin, liver, spleen, intestine), and in 63/63 MCTs irrespective of their histological grade. CPA3 protein expression was comparable to that of c-kit in both the nonneoplastic and neoplastic mast cells. Three distinct labeling patterns (membranous, diffuse, and focal cytoplasmic) were observed for CPA3 in MCTs. The focal cytoplasmic labeling pattern was associated with high-grade MCTs staged with the Kiupel 2-tier grading criteria. We propose CPA3 as a novel immunohistochemical marker for canine mast cells in health and disease.
- Published
- 2021
31. Sarcocystis calchasi in a captive Patagonian conure (Cyanoliseus patagonus) in Finland
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Sanna Malkamäki, Minna Söderström, Niina Airas, Antti Sukura, Sanna Sainmaa, Veterinary Biosciences, Doctoral Programme in Food Chain and Health, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Doctoral Programme in Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Antti Sukura / Principal Investigator, and Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology
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Sarcocystosis ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Zoology ,413 Veterinary science ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Emerging pathogen ,medicine ,Animals ,Internal transcribed spacer ,Columbidae ,Finland ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Bird Diseases ,Parasitologia ,Sarcocystis ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Patologia ,3. Good health ,Patagonian Conure ,Cyanoliseus ,Sarcocystis calchasi ,Pneumonia (non-human) ,Encephalitis - Abstract
Sarcosystis calchasi is an emerging pathogen causing encephalitis in many avian species and has been documented in North America, Germany and Japan. In November 2019, a captive Patagonian conure (Cyanoliseus patagonus), kept in a zoological aviary in Finland, was euthanized due to acute respiratory distress. At necropsy, histopathological examination revealed numerous parasitic tissue cysts in the skeletal muscles and myocardium, chronic moderate multifocal lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic meningoencephalitis and acute moderate multifocal purulent pneumonia caused by aspiration of foreign material. By light and transmission electron microscopy, tissue cysts had structures typical of Sarcocystis organisms. The ultrastructure of the cyst wall was compatible with S. calchasi and Sarcocystis columbae. S. calchasi-specific semi-nested polymerase chain reaction testing resulted in amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene, which had 100% identity with S. calchasi ITS sequences. This is the first report of S. calchasi in Fennoscandia and of a naturallyoccurring S. calchasi infection in a captive psittacine bird in Europe. Our finding suggests that captive psittacine birds kept in outdoor facilities may be at risk of S. calchasi infection throughout the Holarctic. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Published
- 2021
32. Questionnaire survey of detrimental fur animal epidemic necrotic pyoderma in Finland
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Heli Nordgren, Katariina Vapalahti, Olli Vapalahti, Antti Sukura, and Anna-Maija Virtala
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Arcanobacterium phocae ,Fur animals ,Fur animal epidemic necrotic pyoderma FENP ,Neovison vison ,Nyctereutes procyonoides ,Vulpes lagopus ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background In 2007, a previously unrecorded disease, fur animal epidemic necrotic pyoderma (FENP), was detected in farmed mink (Neovision vision), foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and Finnraccoons (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Finland. Symptoms included severe pyoderma with increased mortality, causing both animal welfare problems and economic losses. In 2011, an epidemiologic questionnaire was mailed to all members of the Finnish Fur Breeders’ Association to assess the occurrence of FENP from 2009 through the first 6 months of 2011. The aim was to describe the geographical distribution and detailed clinical signs of FENP, as well as sources of infection and potential risk factors for the disease. Results A total of 239 farmers (25%) returned the questionnaire. Clinical signs of FENP were observed in 40% (95% CI 34–46%) of the study farms. In addition, the survey clarified the specific clinical signs for different animal species. The presence of disease was associated with the importation of mink, especially from Denmark (OR 9.3, 95% CI 2.6–33.0). The transmission route between Finnish farms was associated with fur animal purchases. Some risk factors such as the farm type were also indicated. As such, FENP was detected more commonly on farms with more than one species of fur animal in comparison to farms with, for example, only foxes (OR 4.6, 95% CI 2.4–8.6), and the incidence was higher on farms with over 750 breeder mink compared to smaller farms (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.6–9.0). Contact between fur animals and birds and other wildlife increased the risk of FENP on farms. Responses also indicated that blocking the entry of wildlife to the animal premises protected against FENP. Conclusions FENP was most likely introduced to Finland by imported mink and spread further within the country via domestically purchased fur animals. Some potential risk factors, such as the type and size of the farm and contact with wildlife, contributed to the spread of FENP. Escape-proof shelter buildings block the entry of wildlife, thus protecting fur animals against FENP.
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- 2017
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33. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli associated with granulomatous colitis and extraintestinal dissemination in a Sphynx cat
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Tuomisto, Laura, primary, Kant, Ravi, additional, Kiviranta, Anna-Mariam, additional, Helkiö, Kukka-Maaria, additional, Sironen, Tarja, additional, Sukura, Antti, additional, Wilkes, Rebecca P., additional, and Kegler, Kristel, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Botfly Cephenemyia ulrichii larvae in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx of a dog with respiratory signs
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Helkiö, K. M., primary, Pohjoismäki, J., additional, Näreaho, A., additional, Sukura, A., additional, and Laurila, H. P., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. sj-pdf-2-vet-10.1177_03009858231162204 – Supplemental material for Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli associated with granulomatous colitis and extraintestinal dissemination in a Sphynx cat
- Author
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Tuomisto, Laura, Kant, Ravi, Kiviranta, Anna-Mariam, Helkiö, Kukka-Maaria, Sironen, Tarja, Sukura, Antti, Wilkes, Rebecca P., and Kegler, Kristel
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70706 Veterinary Medicine ,FOS: Clinical medicine ,FOS: Veterinary sciences ,111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-vet-10.1177_03009858231162204 for Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli associated with granulomatous colitis and extraintestinal dissemination in a Sphynx cat by Laura Tuomisto, Ravi Kant, Anna-Mariam Kiviranta, Kukka-Maaria Helkiö, Tarja Sironen, Antti Sukura, Rebecca P. Wilkes and Kristel Kegler in Veterinary Pathology
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Label-free quantitative proteomics and immunoblotting identifies immunoreactive and other excretory-secretory (E/S) proteins of Anoplocephala perfoliata
- Author
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Hautala, Katja, primary, Pursiainen, Jami, additional, Näreaho, Anu, additional, Nyman, Tuula, additional, Varmanen, Pekka, additional, Sukura, Antti, additional, Nielsen, Martin K., additional, and Savijoki, Kirsi, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Genomic insights into the host specific adaptation of the Pneumocystis genus
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Magali Chabé, Pavel P. Khil, John P. Dekker, Jung Ho Youn, Koen K. A. Van Rompay, Li Peng, Jie Xu, Ousmane H. Cissé, Vanessa M. Hirsch, Christina A. Cuomo, Rebekah I. Keesler, Jason E. Stajich, Jie Chen, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Geetha Kutty, Liang Ma, Melanie T. Cushion, Joseph A. Kovacs, Nathan S. Upham, Robert V Blair, Antti Sukura, Jason M. Brenchley, Yueqin Liu, Jun Song, Bapi Pahar, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biosciences, Antti Sukura / Principal Investigator, Helsinki One Health (HOH), and Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology
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QH301-705.5 ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Pneumocystis carinii ,Pneumocystis pneumonia ,413 Veterinary science ,Genome ,Macaque ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Evolution, Molecular ,Fungal Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Species Specificity ,Phylogenetics ,Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Pneumocystis jirovecii ,Fungal genomics ,Biology (General) ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,Whole genome sequencing ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,3. Good health ,Evolutionary biology ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Host adaptation ,Genome, Fungal ,Adaptation ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Coevolution - Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii, the fungal agent of human Pneumocystis pneumonia, is closely related to macaque Pneumocystis. Little is known about other Pneumocystis species in distantly related mammals, none of which are capable of establishing infection in humans. The molecular basis of host specificity in Pneumocystis remains unknown as experiments are limited due to an inability to culture any species in vitro. To explore Pneumocystis evolutionary adaptations, we have sequenced the genomes of species infecting macaques, rabbits, dogs and rats and compared them to available genomes of species infecting humans, mice and rats. Complete whole genome sequence data enables analysis and robust phylogeny, identification of important genetic features of the host adaptation, and estimation of speciation timing relative to the rise of their mammalian hosts. Our data reveals insights into the evolution of P. jirovecii, the sole member of the genus able to infect humans., Cissé, Ma et al. utilize genomic data from Pneumocystis species infecting macaques, rabbit, dogs and rats to investigate the molecular basis of host specificity in Pneumocystis. Their analyses provide insight to the specific adaptations enabling the infection of humans by P. jirovecii.
- Published
- 2021
38. Osteoarthritic cartilage lesions in the bovine patellar groove: A macroscopic, histological and immunohistological analysis
- Author
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Heinola, T., Sukura, A., Virkki, L.M., Sillat, T., Lekszycki, T., and Konttinen, Y.T.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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39. Fertility and growth of nulliparous ewes after feeding red clover silage with high phyto-oestrogen concentrations
- Author
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E. Mustonen, S. Taponen, M. Andersson, A. Sukura, T. Katila, and J. Taponen
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ewe ,red clover ,phyto-oestrogen ,formononetin ,equol ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
The study aimed to determine the effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) silage with high phyto-oestrogen content on ewe performance during their first breeding season. Red clover silage containing formononetin, biochanin A, genistein, and daidzein was fed to 10 nulliparous ewes of the prolific Finnish Landrace breed before, during and after the breeding season, for a total of 5 months. A control group of 10 ewes was fed with grass silage. The mean numbers of foetuses per pregnancy were 2.1±0.7 and 2.2±0.8 for the red clover and control groups, respectively. The total mass of the uterus with its contents was significantly greater in ewes of the red clover group compared with those of the control group. This difference was mainly explained by the greater volume of foetal fluids. Serum progesterone concentration in the red clover group was significantly lower over the entire period analysed than in the control group. In conclusion, the fecundity of the ewes was not reduced by red clover feed with high phyto-oestrogen concentrations. The volume of foetal fluids increased that could increase the risk for vaginal prolapse before the term.
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- 2014
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40. Sexual Orientation Among Unmarried Final Year University Students in Osun State: Distribution, Determinants and Level of Satisfaction
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Sukura A Miskilu, Iseoluwa C Ajayi, Omoniyi M Abiodun, Ifeoluwa A Oyerinde, Akinlolu G. Omisore, Titilayo B Adewusi, Temitope M Fagbolade, and Zainab A Aderemi
- Subjects
Male ,Universities ,Sexual Behavior ,Distribution (economics) ,050109 social psychology ,Personal Satisfaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,Orientation (mental) ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Students ,030505 public health ,Non-heterosexual ,business.industry ,Sexual attraction ,05 social sciences ,Single Person ,Romance ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Heterosexuality ,Sexual orientation ,Bisexuality ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,State distribution ,Social psychology - Abstract
Background Sexual Orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction, with the attractions broadly incorporated under heterosexuality and non-heterosexuality. Societal and other factors seem to affect individuals’ perception of their self-identified orientation. Thus, this study sets out to document the distribution of sexual orientation, level of self-reported satisfaction, and factors associated with sexual orientation among unmarried university students. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 550 respondents sampled using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data collected via a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed via IBM SPSS version 20.0. Results Most respondents (93.6%) were heterosexuals, 4.7% bisexuals, 1.3% lesbian women and 0.40% gay men. More heterosexuals (80.4%) were fully satisfied with their self-identified sexual orientation compared to 57.2% of non-heterosexuals. Respondents who had religious upbringing and those whose parents were currently married were less likely to have sexual orientation outside of heterosexuality. Conclusion The most prevalent sexual orientation was heterosexuality, with more heterosexuals also expressing satisfaction than others. With the level of dissatisfaction expressed by those who are not heterosexuals as well as the factors associated with heterosexuality, it is plausible to conclude that societal values and/or prejudices constitute major factors in individuals self-identifying with some particular sexual orientation and the satisfaction derived therein.
- Published
- 2021
41. Bovine Chronic Osteoarthritis Causes Minimal Change in Synovial Fluid
- Author
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Heinola, T., de Grauw, J.C., Virkki, L., Kontinen, A., Raulo, S.M., Sukura, A., and Konttinen, Y.T.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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42. ENDOPARASITES OF THE EURASIAN LYNX (LYNX LYNX) IN FINLAND
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Deksne, Gunita, Laakkonen, Juha, Näreaho, Anu, Jokelainen, Pikka, Holmala, Katja, Kojola, Ilpo, and Sukura, Antti
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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43. Experimental infection of mink with SARS-COV-2 Omicron (BA.1) variant leads to symptomatic disease with lung pathology and transmission
- Author
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Jenni Virtanen, Kirsi Aaltonen, Kristel Kegler, Vinaya Venkat, Thanakorn Niamsap, Lauri Kareinen, Rasmus Malmgren, Olga Kivelä, Nina Atanasova, Pamela Österlund, Teemu Smura, Antti Sukura, Tomas Strandin, Lara Dutra, Olli Vapalahti, Heli Nordgren, Ravi Kant, and Tarja Sironen
- Subjects
viruses - Abstract
We report an experimental infection of American mink with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and show that minks remain virus RNA positive for days, develop clinical signs and histopathological changes, and transmit the virus to uninfected recipients warranting further studies and preparedness.
- Published
- 2022
44. Berries as a potential transmission vehicle for taeniid eggs
- Author
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Antti Oksanen, Sanna Malkamäki, Anu Näreaho, Antti Sukura, Veterinary Biosciences, Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, Antti Sukura / Principal Investigator, and Helsinki One Health (HOH)
- Subjects
Lingonberry ,0301 basic medicine ,Bilberry ,030231 tropical medicine ,Vaccinium myrtillus ,European blueberry ,ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS ,Forests ,Calcofluor-white ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Limit of Detection ,ECHINOCOCCUS-MULTILOCULARIS DNA ,Animals ,Vaccinium vitis-idaea ,Eggshell ,Parasite Egg Count ,1183 Plant biology, microbiology, virology ,Lingonberries ,Taeniasis ,Calcofluor White ,RISK ,Taenia ,biology ,Tapeworm ,15. Life on land ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,biology.organism_classification ,MODEL ,qPCR ,Horticulture ,Genes, Mitochondrial ,PCR ,Infectious Diseases ,Taeniidae ,Fruit ,Taenia laticollis ,DETECT ,Parasitology ,SPP ,Calcofluor White Stain ,Vaccinium - Abstract
Potential role of wild forest berries as a transmission vehicle for taeniid eggs was examined using non-zoonotic Taenia laticollis eggs as a model. The berries studied were bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) (1 m2 plot, n = 10) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) (1 m2 plot, n = 11). The plots in the managed forest were evenly sprayed with 30,000 or 60,000 T. laticollis eggs suspended in water, and berries were collected 24 h after spraying. The berries were rinsed with water, and the water was sieved through a 1-mm and a 63-μm sieve to remove coarse material and through a 20-μm sieve to collect possible eggs. A small proportion of the sieved material was examined by microscopy after treatment with fluorescent Calcofluor White stain, which binds to eggshell chitin. In the recovery tests in artificially spiked samples, the detection limit was 5 eggs in 100 g of commercial frozen bilberries and lingonberries. Taeniid eggs were detected in all of the 10 experimentally contaminated bilberry samples and in 10 of 11 lingonberry samples. The sieved debris was also analyzed for T. laticollis DNA using semi-quantitative PCR. All samples were positive in quantitative SYBR Green real-time PCR using a T. laticollis-specific primer pair amplifying a short fragment of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene. This indicates that forest berries contaminated in shrubs contained T. laticollis eggs, and that berries can serve as a vehicle for taeniid eggs and may pose a possible risk to humans. Potential role of wild forest berries as a transmission vehicle for taeniid eggs was examined using non-zoonotic Taenia laticollis eggs as a model. The berries studied were bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) (1 m(2) plot, n = 10) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) (1 m(2) plot, n = 11). The plots in the managed forest were evenly sprayed with 30,000 or 60,000 T. laticollis eggs suspended in water, and berries were collected 24 h after spraying. The berries were rinsed with water, and the water was sieved through a 1-mm and a 63-mu m sieve to remove coarse material and through a 20-mu m sieve to collect possible eggs. A small proportion of the sieved material was examined by microscopy after treatment with fluorescent Calcofluor White stain, which binds to eggshell chitin. In the recovery tests in artificially spiked samples, the detection limit was 5 eggs in 100 g of commercial frozen bilberries and lingonberries. Taeniid eggs were detected in all of the 10 experimentally contaminated bilberry samples and in 10 of 11 lingonberry samples. The sieved debris was also analyzed for T. laticollis DNA using semiquantitative PCR. All samples were positive in quantitative SYBR Green real-time PCR using a T. laticollis-specific primer pair amplifying a short fragment of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 gene. This indicates that forest berries contaminated in shrubs contained T. laticollis eggs, and that berries can serve as a vehicle for taeniid eggs and may pose a possible risk to humans.
- Published
- 2019
45. Experimental infection of mink with SARS-COV-2 Omicron (BA.1) variant leads to symptomatic disease with lung pathology and transmission
- Author
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Virtanen, Jenni, primary, Aaltonen, Kirsi, additional, Kegler, Kristel, additional, Venkat, Vinaya, additional, Niamsap, Thanakorn, additional, Kareinen, Lauri, additional, Malmgren, Rasmus, additional, Kivelä, Olga, additional, Atanasova, Nina, additional, Österlund, Pamela, additional, Smura, Teemu, additional, Sukura, Antti, additional, Strandin, Tomas, additional, Dutra, Lara, additional, Vapalahti, Olli, additional, Nordgren, Heli, additional, Kant, Ravi, additional, and Sironen, Tarja, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Experimental Infection of Mink Enforces the Role of Arcanobacterium phocae as Causative Agent of Fur Animal Epidemic Necrotic Pyoderma (FENP).
- Author
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Heli Nordgren, Kirsi Aaltonen, Mirja Raunio-Saarnisto, Antti Sukura, Olli Vapalahti, and Tarja Sironen
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Fur Animal Epidemic Necrotic Pyoderma (FENP) is a severe, often lethal infectious disease affecting all three fur animal species: mink (Neovision vision), foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and finnraccoons (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Previous studies showed an association between Arcanobacterium phocae and FENP. An experimental infection was conducted to confirm the ability of A. phocae to infect mink either alone or concurrently with a novel Streptococcus sp. found together with A. phocae in many cases of FENP. Different inoculation methods were tested to study possible routes of transmission. Typical signs, and gross- and histopathological findings for FENP were detected when naïve mink were infected with the tissue extract of mink with FENP, using a subcutaneous/ intradermal infection route. Edema, hemorrhage, necrosis and pus formation were detected in the infection site. A pure culture preparation of A. phocae alone or concurrently with the novel Streptococcus sp. caused severe acute signs of lethargy, apathy and anorexia and even mortality. The histopathological findings were similar to those found in naturally occurring cases of FENP. In contrast, the perorally infected mink presented no clinical signs nor any gross- or histopathological lesions. This study showed that A. phocae is able to cause FENP. The study also indicated that predisposing factors such as the environment, the general condition of the animals, temperature and skin trauma contribute to the development of the disease.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. SYLVATIC TRICHINELLA SPP. INFECTION IN FINLAND
- Author
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Airas, Niina, Saari, Seppo, Mikkonen, Taina, Virtala, Anna-Maija, Pellikka, Jani, Oksanen, Antti, Isomursu, Marja, Kilpelä, Seija-Sisko, Lim, Chae W., and Sukura, Antti
- Published
- 2010
48. Type C Bovine Botulism Outbreak Due to Carcass Contaminated Non-Acidified Silage
- Author
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Myllykoski, J., Lindström, M., Keto-Timonen, R., Söderholm, H., Jakala, J., Kallio, H., Sukura, A., and Korkeala, H.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Alpha- and β-casein components of host milk induce biofilm formation in the mastitis bacterium Streptococcus uberis
- Author
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Varhimo, Emilia, Varmanen, Pekka, Fallarero, Adyary, Skogman, Malena, Pyörälä, Satu, Iivanainen, Antti, Sukura, Antti, Vuorela, Pia, and Savijoki, Kirsi
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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50. Altered Basal Autophagy Affects Extracellular Vesicle Release in Cells of Lagotto Romagnolo Dogs With a Variant ATG4D
- Author
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Antti Sukura, Petra Roosje, Tosso Leeb, Mari Palviainen, Pernilla Syrjä, Linda Anderegg, Tarja S. Jokinen, Hannes Lohi, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, Kaisa Kyöstilä, Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, Veterinary Biosciences, Antti Sukura / Principal Investigator, University of Helsinki, Extracellular Vesicles, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Hannes Tapani Lohi / Principal Investigator, Veterinary Genetics, Biosciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Autophagy, and Biochemistry and Biotechnology
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,FLUX ,Endosome ,canine ,610 Medicine & health ,Vacuole ,413 Veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,immunoelectron microscopy ,Extracellular ,mass spectrometry ,2. Zero hunger ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Vesicle ,disease model ,Autophagy ,Extracellular vesicle ,3. Good health ,Cell biology ,030104 developmental biology ,ATG4D ,Membrane protein ,NTA ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,590 Animals (Zoology) ,extracellular vesicles ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,basal autophagy - Abstract
Lagotto Romagnolo breed dogs develop a progressive neurological disease with intracellular vacuolar storage when homozygous for a variant in the autophagy-related gene 4D ( ATG4D). A lysosomal enzyme deficiency has not been proven in this disease, despite its overlapping morphology with lysosomal storage diseases. Instead, basal autophagy was altered in fibroblasts from affected dogs. The aim of this study was to clarify the origin of the limiting membrane of the accumulating vacuoles and determine whether altered basal autophagy affects the extracellular release of vesicles in cells from diseased dogs. When assessed by immunoelectron microscopy, the membrane of the cytoplasmic vacuoles in affected tissues contained ATG4D, markers for autolysosomes (microtubule-associated protein 1A/B light chain 3 and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2) and for recycling endosomes (transferrin receptor 2), indicating that the vacuoles are hybrid organelles between endocytic and autophagic pathways. Ultracentrifugation, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the vesicles released from cultured fibroblasts of affected and control dogs. The amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from affected fibroblasts was significantly increased during basal conditions in comparison to controls. This difference disappeared during starvation. The basal EV proteome of affected cells was enriched with cytosolic, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial proteins. Heat shock proteins and chaperones, some of which are known substrates of basal autophagy, were identified among the proteins unique to EVs of affected cells. An increased release of extracellular vesicles may serve as a compensatory mechanism in disposal of intracellular proteins during dysfunctional basal autophagy in this spontaneous disease.
- Published
- 2020
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