Search

This article assesses the role of the services sector as an engine of growth during the 1985–2015 period. Results from testing services within a Kaldorian framework support the view that (a) manufa...

The chapter gives a global overview of recent labour market developments and short- and medium-term projections for employment and wages. The chapter discusses recent changes in occupational employment and how they affect inequality and wages. The chapter also highlights the importance of rising youth unemployment for social unrest across major world regions.

The chapter gives a detailed overview of recent labour market trends across eight major world regions. The chapter discusses each one of them, highlighting the divergent trends both within and across regions. In particular, the continuous improvement in some major advanced economies contrasts sharply with the ongoing difficulties in many European countries and the first signs of slowdown in key emerging markets.

The chapter analyses factors influencing medium-term employment growth, highlighting the importance of labour force participation, occupational changes and income inequality as key determinants. The chapter also discusses the role of manufacturing employment for overall job creation and challenges that the early decline in manufacturing employment in a series of emerging economies poses for their future economic and social development.

This article revisits the role of manufacturing and services in economic development in the light of a number of new phenomena: a faster growth of services than of manufacturing in many developing countries; the emergence of ‘de-industrialization’ in several developing countries, at low levels of per capita income; jobless growth in the formal sector, even in fast-growing countries such as India; and a large expansion of the informal sector in developing countries. Although this article examines these phenomena in the specific context of the Indian economy, the analysis has much wider application and implications, both for economic policy and for theories of growth and structural change.

This article argues that at least two distinct categories within the informal sector - informal services and informal manufacturing - exhibit different structural and behavioural characteristics. While some segments of informal manufacturing may indeed be 'dynamic' as noted by some recent studies, the hypothesis is tested for the informal service employment on the basis of a survey by the author in New Delhi, India. It examines investment, earnings, returns to human capital, socio economic characteristics and scope for upward mobility of informal service employment. It finds formal education does not explain differences in earnings in the sample but background characteristics do; earnings in the informal service sector are neither the lowest in the economy nor are they comparable to wages in the urban formal unskilled sector, when differences between migrants and non-migrants are taken into account. On the basis of these results, the paper reflects on the nature of growth and structural change in the Indi...

Las averiguaciones del articulo son muy significativas, por cuanto demuestran los beneficios que depara la afiliacion sindical a los trabajadores asalariados de Bangladesh, Brasil, Hungria y Tanzania . Por ejemplo, indica que la afiliacion sindical esta correlacionada con la seguridad del empleo y de los ingresos. Sin embargo, las encuestas realizadas confirman tambien que, con mucha frecuencia, las mujeres, los jovenes, las personas con poca instruccion y los trabajadores de la economia informal estan excluidos de la representacion que procuran los sindicatos. Por otra parte, la mayoria de los encuestados (tanto sindicados como no sindicados) manifestaron que dudaban de la capacidad de los sindicatos para defender debidamente los intereses de los trabajadores, lo cual deja malparada la esperanza de que la afiliacion sindical vuelva a cifras ascendentes

Les syndicats sont le moyen d'expression traditionnel des travailleurs, mais leurs effectifs declinent. L'auteur presente les resultats d'une enquete sur les attitudes des travailleurs, syndiques ou non, a l'egard des syndicats au Bangladesh, au Bresil, en Hongrie et en Tanzanie. En general, les travailleurs syndiques en ont une opinion plus positive. Par ailleurs, l'activite syndicale ne concerne guere les travailleurs de l'economie informelle, les jeunes et les femmes. Meme parmi les syndiques, un peu moins de la moitie des travailleurs a une opinion positive a l'egard des syndicats ou leur fait confiance (sauf au Bangladesh) et le recours au syndicat n'est qu'une forme d'action parmi d'autres en cas de mecontentement

This paper uses a Kaldorian framework to examine the evidence of deindustrialisation in developing countries at low levels of income, the jobless growth in these economies and the fast expansion of the informal sector. The questions are specifically examined for the Indian economy using state level data, but the analysis has a wider application for economic policy in developing countries.

This paper revisits the role of manufacturing and services in economic development in the light of the following new facts: (a) a faster growth of services than that of manufacturing in many developing countries (DCs). (b) The emergence of Òde-industrialisationÓ in several DCs at low levels of per capita income. (c) Jobless growth in the formal sector even in fast growing countries such as India and (d) a large expansion of the informal sector in both fast growing and slow growing DCs. Although the paper examines these phenomena in the specific case of the Indian economy, the analysis has much wider application, both for economic policy and for theories of growth and structural change.