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New remains of a Taymyr mammoth, including bones, bone collagen, hairs, skin, and soft (muscle and fat) tissues were studied comprehensively by mineralogical, spectroscopic, chromatographic, and isotope-geochemical methods. The results were used to infer the mammoth's biological age and diet, paleoclimatic conditions, and the mechanisms and degree of fossilization of the remains., (© 2024. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.)

Planning and organisation of allo-grafting performed on the soldier's face. According to the experience of military conflicts facial trauma with the Ioss of person's social function occurs in 4,5-5% of patients with such injury. In most cases, these injuries can be fixed with the help of reconstructive plastic surgery using their own tissue. However, some of the wounded to various reasons the use of autologous tissue is not possible or does not allow adequately restoring the appearance and function of the person. In such cases the only way is a donor allograft. There are just over 3 dozens of such successful operations, which indicates of their uniqueness and complexity. In May 2015 at the S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy for the first time in our country made a successful transplantation of a difficult graft to a conscript, who was injured during the duty. The article presents the basic directions of the planning and organization of this unique operation.

The article provides the results of minimally invasive direct revasculization of myocardium at the period from 2012 to 2014. Given method was used in 49 interventions. There weren't any lethal cases or myocardial infarctions. A mean hospital stay consisted of 8,6±2,7. Computer thomographic coronary bypass angiography was carried out after operation in terms of 6-48 months. The occlusion of mammary coronary shunt was revealed in 3 patients with minimally invasive revasculization of the myocardium in terms up to 48 months. There were noted a decrease' of hospital stay, bleeding during surgery and in early postoperative period, duration of artificial pulmonary ventilation, length of stay in intensive care unit for this group of patients.

Left ventricular assist device "Incor" ("Berlinhear", Germany) implantation experience in patient with ischemic cardiomiopathy and severe congestive heart failure is presented. Left ventricular assist device implantation was followed by coronary artery bypass grafting simultaneously. Total assist time was 211 days. Complications developed during assisting time are shown. After Left ventricular assist device explantation three chamber pacemaker was implanted as cardiac resynchronization therapy. Left ventricular end diastolic size decreased (from 78 to 70 mm), ejection fraction increased (from 19 to 35%) during assist time.

The study revealed that 92.5% of female patients consulted by themselves the physician on the subject of mastopathy were town inhabitants with secondary special and humanitarian higher education from the white-collar social group. The concomitant diseases of digestial organs and urogenital system and the deviant psychological characteristics of personality as well had been registered reliably much more frequently among women with a mastopathy in comparison with the control group. More than 70% of females noted the intensification of mastopathy symptoms after the exacerbation of somatic diseases and nervous stresses. Also, more than 80% of female patients experienced psychological discomfort due to doctor's referral to the oncological dispensary. In authors'judgment, the special-purpose mammological consulting rooms under maternity welfare clinics and polyclinics has to be organized to provide efficient diagnostics, treatment and psychological adjustment of female patients with benignant diseases of mammary glands.

Immunodiffusion assays were used to examine lactoferrin (LF) in the mixed saliva of 1026 patients and 553 apparently healthy individuals. Elevated salivary LF levels were found in respiratory and digestive diseases and diabetes. It is concluded that this non-invasive immunochemical assay is promising in the screening and monitoring of persons during their health examination.

Immunochemical tests of blood sera from 160 healthy residents of the town of Astrakhan were performed to determine standard quantities of ferritin and lactoferrin in the serum. Examinations of the saliva from 280 healthy subjects provided the frequency of occurrence and levels of excretory lactoferrin. These iron-containing proteins were also assessed in different biosubstrates (blood serum, sputum, saliva, pleural fluid, lung tissues) from 550 patients with benign and malignant lesions of the lungs and pleura. Tests for ferritin and lactoferrin proved useful in evaluation of bronchopulmonary inflammation activity, early detection of pulmonary and intrapleural supputation, differential diagnosis of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases and lung cancer. The excretory salivary lactoferrin provided sufficient information on the condition of adaptive mechanisms of local defense of the lungs in premorbid state in 420 workers of the gas-processing plant exposed to aggressive occupational pollutants.

Immunochemical testing of salivary samples of 73 patients revealed a positive correlation between increased level of lactoferrin and the presence of chronic pancreatoduodenal diseases (gastroduodenitis, gastroduodenal ulcers, polyps of the antral portion of the stomach, cholecystitis, cholangitis, cholelithiasis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis, correlation coefficient 0.9). The test is proposed as a cheap and informative method for screening of the above diseases.

The examination of 150 patients with pleural exudate of different origin (43 cases of malignant and 107 cases of benign genesis) was made to elucidate diagnostic value of immunochemical serum and pleural fluid estimation of four tumor-associated proteins: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), placental alkaline phosphatase (PAP), ferritin; three acute-phase proteins: C-reactive protein (CRP), lactoferrin, fibrin degradation products (FDP); expression of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in e date cells using monoclonal antibodies ICO-25. Determination CEA, beta 2-MG in the serum and pleural fluid, antituberculous an bodies in biological fluids proved diagnostically valuable for verification of pleural exudate characteristics. The discriminant analysis provided formulas for this differential diagnosis. The method identification in pleural fluid of cells expressing EMA with the use of monoclonal antibodies ICO-25 was found to be 2 times more efficient in detection of cancer cells than the standard light microscopy.

Immunochemical and radioimmunological assays were used to measure the content of ferritin in blood, sputum and pleural fluid in patients with different pathology as well as in tissues of the pathologically altered lungs from patients who had died of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases (CNPD) and lung carcinoma. The measurements of ferritin in blood and sputum provide additional possibilities of recognizing the process activity in CNPD and tuberculosis, in differential diagnosis between lung carcinoma and tuberculosis during comprehensive examination of patients. In the pathologically altered lungs, the greatest content of ferritin was discovered in the areas of pneumofibrosis associated with CNPD, in the stromal structures of the cancerous node.

The authors suggest a simple and convenient procedure for measuring acute-phase proteins, lactoferrin, fibrinogen and its degradation products, in mixed human saliva by the agar immunodiffusion test with appropriate monospecific antisera. Examinations of 1205 salivary samples have revealed that salivary fibrinogen degradation products and lactoferrin detection rates do not depend on the subject's sex but are growing with age and intensity of the aggressive admixture effects in inhaled air; they are also related to the intensity of the inflammatory and proliferative processes in the oral cavity and bronchopulmonary system, the values varying from 4-16 percent in health to 68.8-71.8 percent in disease. In monitoring salivary acute-phase proteins detection rates make up 100 percent in the patients and 0-4 percent in normal subjects. The authors come to a conclusion that measurements of salivary acute-phase proteins may be used in screening of the population to detect subjects at risk for further diagnostic examinations.

Lactoferrin was estimated in human blood serum of 292 healthy persons and of 518 patients with various tumoral and non-tumoral diseases by means of an immunoenzymatic assay. The highest content of lactoferrin was detected under conditions of lymphogranulomatosis, malignant tumors of colon and acute pneumonia, while the protein concentration was decreased in impairments of liver tissue and in cancer of prostate.

Peripheral blood lactoferrin level and leukocyte count were measured by enzyme immunoassay in the sera of 288 normal subjects and 247 patients with malignant tumors of various localization. Normal lactoferrin level has been found 1055 +/- 191.0 ng/ml. In the patients it was changed either higher or lower, irrespective of the tumor site. This has led the authors to a conclusion on the acute phase pattern of the time course of lactoferrin level in oncologic patients. Elevation of lactoferrin level anticipated changes in leukocyte count.

Method of immunodiffusion titration of rabbit monospecific antiserum (The I. M. Mechnikov Central Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera of the USSR Ministry of Health) in agar was used to measure blood C-reactive protein (C-RP) level in patients with acute pneumonia (32), protracted pneumonia or activation of chronic non-specific lung pathology (101) and lung cancer (153) after a 3-4-week course of complex antiinflammatory treatment and a 10-14-day course of immunostimulation with pyrogenal (The N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology). A decrease in the incidence (from 81.2% to 14.2%) and level (from 1.4 +/- 0.3 to 0.3 +/- 0.03 mg%) of C-RP was observed in cases of non-tumor pathology whereas in patients with lung cancer those values rose in step with tumor progression (from 72.2% and 0.4 +/- 0.07 mg% at stage I to 96.3% and 1.2 +/- 0.12 mg% at stage IV). Treatment with pyrogenal allowed to identify C-RP in patients with false-negative reaction in all subgroups. Two-week dynamic C-RP curves characterizing non-tumor and tumor pathology of the lung were plotted.

Mixed salivary pools of normal subjects and patients with galvanism, yeast-induced stomatitis, and diabetes mellitus were examined. The examinations have revealed elevated alpha-amylase levels in the patients with galvanism and still higher levels of this enzyme in yeast-induced stomatitis and diabetes mellitus. These diseases are also associated with a rise of lactoferrin content and with appearance of fibrinogen degradation products.

The content of normal serum proteins, acute phase (C-reactive protein, pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein) and tissue proteins (ferritin, nonspecific tissue esterase) was studied in the sputum of 256 patients with different pulmonary pathology, over time using immunochemical methods. Protein elimination with the sputum was shown to depend upon the nature and gravity of bronchitis and pulmonary destruction. Analysis of the qualitative composition of the sputum proteins and their content can be used in pulmonology for differential diagnosis and assessment of a course of pulmonary diseases.