Search

Abstract Background Sunitinib interacts with radiation therapy, leading to synergism of the toxicities of these treatments. Radiation recall pneumonitis is a rare but serious complication of targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Case presentation The case of a patient with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) who developed recall pneumonitis on the first cycle of systemic sunitinib treatment is reported here. A 65-year-old man with RCC and bone metastasis underwent radiation therapy on his thoracic vertebrae (Th5-8) with a total dose of 24 Gy. Sunitinib (37.5 mg) was started 14 days after completing the radiation therapy. On the 14th day of sunitinib treatment, the patient developed progressive fever with worsening of dyspnea and general weakness. Treatment with pulse administration of prednisolone 1,000 mg for 3 days was initiated. Thereafter, the symptoms and the radiological findings regarding the interstitial filtration gradually improved over 7 days. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of early onset recall pneumonitis during sunitinib therapy. At present, how sunitinib interacts with radiation therapy remains unclear. The possibility that tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, including with sunitinib, after radiation therapy may lead to adverse effects should be kept in mind.

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease characterized by the formation of numerous cysts in organs other than the kidneys. Although female patients with ADPKD do not have direct fertility problems, infertility in male patients may arise following the formation of cystic lesions in the lower seminal tract, which impair the function of spermatozoa. Generally, the treatment strategy for necrospermia depends on the severity of sperm viability, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection may be offered to patients with necrospermia. We report two cases of secondary infertility in men with ADPKD. These men experienced an inability to reproduce naturally after the previous birth of a child, suggesting a progressive deterioration of semen quality. Semen analysis showed necrospermia in both patients, and transrectal ultrasound revealed marked dilatation of the seminal vesicles bilaterally. The main cause of secondary infertility in male patients with ADPKD is sperm death resulting from progressive dilatation of seminal vesicles. Further research is needed on the appropriate follow-up schedule for men with ADPKD who desire to reproduce naturally., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflicts of interest: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Ethical approval: All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of Ebisu Tsuji Clinic (approval number 19001) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent: Verbal informed consent was obtained. We posted a notice on our website that allowed patients to opt out at any point of this clinical study., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Japanese Society of Nephrology.)

Testosterone replacement therapy is widely used for the treatment of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). However, because exogenous testosterone can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis through negative feedback, testosterone replacement therapy may lead to secondary spermatogenic failure and subsequent infertility. We report our experience with male infertility in patients who had received testosterone for LOH. Six of the 4,375 patients who visited our clinic for infertility evaluation had received testosterone replacement therapy for LOH. In these patients, testosterone was administered for 3 to 12 months. In 5 of these 6 patients, blood levels of gonadotropins were markedly suppressed, suggesting hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In the remaining 1 patient, blood luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels were within the standard reference ranges, but the testosterone level was elevated. Semen findings in these patients ranged from azoospermia to severe oligospermia. Testosterone administration was immediately stopped in all patients. Of the 3 patients who needed prompt recovery of spermatogenesis, 2 received human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection and 1 received clomiphene orally. Semen findings were significantly improved in all patients, except one who was treated with hCG for only one month. Although recovery of spermatogenesis is generally favorable after cessation of testosterone replacement therapy, the recovery period is highly variable among patients. Clinicians treating LOH must recognize that testosterone administration is contraindicated in men who desire to maintain future fertility. LOH patients who wish to preserve fertility should be considered for treatment with clomiphene or hCG.

Objective: To investigate the value of the ultrasonographically determined size of seminiferous tubules and other conventional parameters for predicting sperm retrieval by microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE)., Design: Clinical retrospective study., Setting: Two urological clinics., Patient(s): Eight hundred six men with nonobstructive azoospermia., Intervention(s): Micro-TESE., Main Outcome Measure(s): Sperm retrieval., Result(s): Sperm retrieval was successful in 240 (29.8%) of the 806 men. In a receiver operating characteristic analysis of sperm retrieval, the area under the curve (AUC) for seminiferous tubules, assessed as 0, 100, 200, 250, or 300 μm, was no less than 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.85). Sensitivity and specificity at a cutoff point of 250 μm were 76.7% and 80.7%, respectively. An AUC of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.88) was attained in a parsimonious multiple logistic regression model that included age (<30, 30-39, and 40-59 years), low follicle-stimulating hormone (<14 IU/L), history of cryptorchidism, and sex chromosome abnormality in addition to the diameter of seminiferous tubules., Conclusion(s): The gray-scale image in testicular ultrasound was shown to be highly predictive of sperm retrieval in micro-TESE in a large series of men with nonobstructive azoospermia., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The RENAL nephrometry scoring system characterizes tumors according to their size, growth pattern, location and nearness to the renal sinus or collecting system. The current study aims to evaluate the RENAL nephrometry scoring system in adopting nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for cT1 renal cancer., Methods: Clinicopathological data of 200 consecutive patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy (RN) or NSS for clinical stage T1 renal cell cancer at our single institution during 2005-2009 were investigated retrospectively., Results: Of 200 patients, 103 were scheduled for RN, whereas 97 were planned to undergo NSS, 9 of whom actually underwent RN. Those who were planned to undergo NSS were younger and had smaller tumors (p < 0.001). The median RENAL score was significantly lower among those who were originally assigned to NSS (5, range 4-10) versus RN (8, range 4-11) (p < 0.001). Three months after surgery, the renal function of patients who had been scheduled for NSS was significantly better than in those treated by RN (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: This study suggests that the RENAL nephrometry scoring system is a useful tool in adopting NSS for cT1 renal cancer and that objective decision-making for NSS was possible., (Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Objective: It was the aim of this study to assess the outcome of prostate cancer patients with preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels ≥100 ng/ml who were treated with antegrade radical prostatectomy with intended wide resection (aRP)., Patients and Methods: Eighteen patients who underwent aRP had an initial PSA level ≥100 ng/ml. Overall survival, disease-specific survival and biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) rates were determined, and predictors of treatment outcome were examined., Results: The median serum PSA level was 159.5 ng/ml. All patients but one had received neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), while only 2 patients received adjuvant ADT. Five patients were classified as stage pT2, 6 as pT3a, 6 as pT3b and 1 as pT4. Four patients had locoregional lymph node metastases. Twelve patients developed PSA failure. Eight of them received salvage ADT. The estimated 10-year bPFS rate was 25.0% and the overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 92.9 and 100%, respectively, at a median follow-up of 6 years. Multivariate analysis revealed only the clinical stage to be predictive of bPFS based on preoperative variables. On the other hand, surgical margin status, extracapsular extension and organ-confined disease were identified as being significant postoperative predictors., Conclusions: This study showed a comparatively satisfactory outcome for clinically non-metastatic prostate cancer with PSA levels ≥100 ng/ml treated by aRP., (Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel.)