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1. Long-term antiretroviral therapy initiated in acute HIV infection prevents residual dysfunction of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells

Author

Hiroshi Takata, Juyeon C. Kakazu, Julie L. Mitchell, Eugene Kroon, Donn J. Colby, Carlo Sacdalan, Hongjun Bai, Philip K. Ehrenberg, Aviva Geretz, Supranee Buranapraditkun, Suteeraporn Pinyakorn, Jintana Intasan, Somporn Tipsuk, Duanghathai Suttichom, Peeriya Prueksakaew, Thep Chalermchai, Nitiya Chomchey, Nittaya Phanuphak, Mark de Souza, Nelson L. Michael, Merlin L. Robb, Elias K. Haddad, Trevor A Crowell, Sandhya Vasan, Victor G. Valcour, Daniel C. Douek, Rasmi Thomas, Morgane Rolland, Nicolas Chomont, Jintanat Ananworanich, Lydie Trautmann, Nipat Teeratakulpisarn, Supanit Pattanachaiwit, Somchai Sriplienchan, Ponpen Tantivitayakul, Ratchapong Kanaprach, Kiat Ruxrungtham, Netsiri Dumrongpisutikul, Ponlapat Rojnuckarin, Suthat Chottanapund, Kultida Poltavee, Tassanee Luekasemsuk, Hathairat Savadsuk, Suwanna Puttamsawin, Khunthalee Benjapornpong, Nisakorn Ratnaratorn, Kamonkan Tangnaree, Chutharat Munkong, Rommanus Thaimanee, Patcharin Eamyoung, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Sukalya Lerdlum, Sopark Manasnayakorn, Rugsun Rerknimitr, Sunee Sirivichayakul, Phandee Wattanaboonyongcharoen, Jessica Cowden, Alexandra Schuetz, Siriwat Akapirat, Nampueng Churikanont, Saowanit Getchalarat, Denise Hsu, Ellen Turk, Oratai Butterworth, Mark Milazzo, Leigh Anne Eller, Julie Ake, Serena Spudich, CAPT Lawrence Fox, Silvia Ratto-Kim, Victor DeGruttola, Yotin Chinvarun, Pasiri Sithinamsuwan, James Fletcher, and Bruce Shiramizu

Subjects
HIV, Antiretroviral therapy, CD8 T cells, Cell differentiation, TCF-1, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: Harnessing CD8+ T cell responses is being explored to achieve HIV remission. Although HIV-specific CD8+ T cells become dysfunctional without treatment, antiretroviral therapy (ART) partially restores their function. However, the extent of this recovery under long-term ART is less understood. Methods: We analyzed the differentiation status and function of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells after long-term ART initiated in acute or chronic HIV infection ex vivo and upon in vitro recall. Findings: ART initiation in any stage of acute HIV infection promoted the persistence of long-lived HIV-specific CD8+ T cells with high expansion (P

Published
2022
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2. Absence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Signs of Neuronal Injury Before and After Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy in Acute HIV Infection

Author

Serena Spudich, Magnus Gisslén, Bonnie M. Slike, Napapon Sailasuta, James L. K. Fletcher, Michael J. Peluso, Thep Chalermchai, Sukalya Lerdlum, Henrik Zetterberg, Jintanat Ananworanich, Pasiri Sithinamsuwan, Victor Valcour, and Nitiya Chomchey

Subjects
Cart, Adult, Male, HIV Infections, Neuroimaging, Creatine, White matter, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, Major Articles and Brief Reports, Cerebrospinal fluid, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Neurofilament Proteins, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Young adult, Neuroinflammation, business.industry, virus diseases, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Chronic infection, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, nervous system, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Immunology, Female, business
Abstract

Background. It is unknown whether neuronal injury begins during acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and whether immediate initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) prevents neuronal injury. Methods. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NFL), a measure of axonal injury, was assessed before and after cART initiation in individuals starting treatment during acute or chronic HIV infection. Nonparametric statistics examined relationships between NFL and disease progression, neuroinflammation, and cognitive performance. Results. Before treatment, subjects with acute infection had lower CSF NFL levels, with elevations for their age in 1 of 32 subjects with acute infection (3.1%) and 10 of 32 with chronic infection (31%) (P = .006). This persisted after cART initiation, with 1 of 25 acute (4%) and 4 of 9 chronic subjects (44%) showing elevated NFL levels (P = .01). In acute infection, pre-cART NFL levels were inversely correlated with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic findings of N-acetylaspartate/creatine in frontal gray matter (r = −0.40; P = .03), frontal white matter (r = −0.46; P = .01), and parietal gray matter (r = −0.47; P = .01); correlations persisted after treatment in the frontal white matter (r = −0.51; P = .02) and parietal gray matter (r = −0.46; P = .04). Conclusions. CSF NFL levels are not elevated in untreated acute HIV infection or after 6 months of immediately initiated cART but are abnormal in chronic HIV infection before and after treatment. In acute HIV infection, CSF NFL levels are inversely associated with neuroimaging markers of neuronal health.

Published
2015

3. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection-Associated Smooth-Muscle Tumors in Patients with AIDS

Author

Chusana Suankratay, Sukalya Lerdlum, Vichit Prasanthai, Jarupan Pintong, Apiwat Mutirangura, Somruetai Shuangshoti, Henry Wilde, and Shanop Shuangshoti

Subjects
Adult, Leiomyosarcoma, Male, Microbiology (medical), Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Virus, Serology, Immunopathology, Humans, Medicine, Sida, Epstein–Barr virus infection, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, Thailand, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Child, Preschool, Immunohistochemistry, Female, Viral disease, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND The aim of our study is to describe the unusual clinical manifestations of smooth-muscle tumors (SMTs) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) and to demonstrate the association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and SMTs. METHODS Nine patients with AIDS and SMTs were characterized at Chulalongkorn Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) from 2001 through 2003. Tumor tissues suitable for immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization were assayed for SMTs and EBV, respectively. Plasma and serum samples were tested for EBV by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and serologic analysis. RESULTS The study included 8 adults and 1 child (3 males and 6 females). All patients had CD4 cell counts of

Published
2005
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