27 results on '"Suk-Wai Hui"'
Search Results
2. First case report of fatal Nocardia nova infection in yellow-bibbed lory (Lorius chlorocercus) identified by multilocus sequencing
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Sarah M. Churgin, Jade L. L. Teng, Jeremy H. P. Ho, Russell Graydon, Paolo Martelli, Foo Khong Lee, Suk-Wai Hui, Jordan Y. H. Fong, Susanna K. P. Lau, and Patrick C. Y. Woo
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Nocardia nova ,Infection ,Yellow-bibbed lory ,Multilocus ,Sequencing ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Background Nocardiosis is often a multi-systemic disease in humans and other mammals. Nocardiosis in birds is uncommon. Laboratory identification of Nocardia to the species level is difficult by traditional phenotypic methods based on biochemical reactions and hydrolysis tests, and is most accurately performed by sequencing multiple gene targets. Case presentation We report the first case of fatal Nocardia nova infection in a yellow-bibbed lory nestling in an oceanarium diagnosed by multilocus sequencing. Necropsy examination showed effacement of normal sternal musculature with yellowish, firm aberrant material, and diffuse infiltration of the lungs with nodular, tan to yellow foci. Histologically, severe granulomatous inflammation with marked necrosis was observed in the lung, spleen and sternal musculature. Fine, sometimes Gram-positive, 0.5–1 μm wide, branching and beaded filamentous organisms were visible within the lesions. They were acid-fast on Fite-Faraco stain. Tissue samples obtained from the sternum, liver, right lung and right kidney recovered Nocardia species. Sequencing of four gene loci and phylogenetic analysis of concatenated (gyrB-16S-secA1-hsp65) sequences revealed that the isolate was N. nova. Conclusions We report the first case of N. nova infection in yellow-bibbed lorry (Lorius chlorocercus). The present case is the first one of which the species identity of the isolate was determined by multilocus sequencing. Molecular diagnosis is important for identifying the Nocardia to species level and understanding the epidemiology of nocardiosis in birds.
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- 2019
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3. A Sensitive and Specific Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of COVID-19 in Animals
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Susanna K. P. Lau, Zirong He, Chi-Ching Tsang, Tony T. Y. Chan, Hayes K. H. Luk, Elaine Chan, Kenneth S. M. Li, Joshua Fung, Franklin W. N. Chow, Anthony R. Tam, Tom W. H. Chung, Sally C. Y. Wong, Tak-Lun Que, Kitty S. C. Fung, David C. Lung, Alan K. L. Wu, Ivan F. N. Hung, Jade L. L. Teng, Ulrich Wernery, Suk-Wai Hui, Paolo Martelli, and Patrick C. Y. Woo
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SARS-CoV-2 ,nucleocapsid protein ,competitive ELISA ,antibody ,COVID-19 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
In addition to human cases, cases of COVID-19 in captive animals and pets are increasingly reported. This raises the concern for two-way COVID-19 transmission between humans and animals. Here, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for serodiagnosis of COVID-19 which can theoretically be used in virtually all kinds of animals. We used 187 serum samples from patients with/without COVID-19, laboratory animals immunized with inactive SARS-CoV-2 virions, COVID-19-negative animals, and animals seropositive to other betacoronaviruses. A cut-off percent inhibition value of 22.345% was determined and the analytical sensitivity and specificity were found to be 1:64–1:256 and 93.9%, respectively. Evaluation on its diagnostic performance using 155 serum samples from COVID-19-negative animals and COVID-19 human patients showed a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 80.8% and 100%, respectively. The cELISA can be incorporated into routine blood testing of farmed/captive animals for COVID-19 surveillance.
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- 2021
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4. Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil samples from an oceanarium in Hong Kong detected using a sensitive PCR assay
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Susanna KP Lau, San-Yuen Chan, Shirly OT Curreem, Suk-Wai Hui, Candy CY Lau, Paul Lee, Chi-Chun Ho, Paolo Martelli, and Patrick CY Woo
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Burkholderia pseudomallei ,culture ,melioidosis ,oceanarium ,PCR ,soil ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an emerging infectious disease with an expanding geographical distribution. Although assessment of the environmental load of B. pseudomallei is important for risk assessment in humans or animals in endemic areas, traditional methods of bacterial culture for isolation have low sensitivities and are labor-intensive. Using a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting a Tat domain protein in comparison with a bacterial culture method, we examined the prevalence of B. pseudomallei in soil samples from an oceanarium in Hong Kong where captive marine mammals and birds have contracted melioidosis. Among 1420 soil samples collected from various sites in the oceanarium over a 15-month period, B. pseudomallei was detected in nine (0.6%) soil samples using bacterial culture, whereas it was detected in 96 (6.8%) soil samples using the specific PCR assay confirmed by sequencing. The PCR-positive samples were detected during various months, with higher detection rates observed during summer months. Positive PCR detection was significantly correlated with ambient temperature (P
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- 2014
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5. High diversity of genogroup I picobirnaviruses in mammals
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Patrick CY Woo, L.L. Jade TENG, Ru Bai, Annette YP Wong, Paolo Martelli, Suk-Wai Hui, Alan KL Tsang, Candy CY Lau, Syed Shakeel Ahmed, Cyril CY Yip, Garnet KY Choi, Kenneth SM Li, Carol SF Lam, Susanna KP Lau, and Kwok-Yung Yuen
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Mammals ,diversity ,Sea lion ,genogroup I ,picobirnaviruses ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
In a molecular epidemiology study using 791 fecal samples collected from different terrestrial and marine mammals in Hong Kong, genogroup I picobirnaviruses (PBVs) were positive by RT-PCR targeting the partial RdRp gene in specimens from 5 cattle, 6 monkeys, 17 horses, 9 pigs, 1 rabbit, 1 dog and 12 California sea lions, with 11, 9, 23, 17, 1, 1 and 15 sequence types in the positive specimens from the corresponding animals, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PBV sequences from each kind of animal were widely distributed in the whole tree with high diversity, sharing 47.4 to 89.0% nucleotide identities with other genogroup I PBV strains based on the partial RdRp gene. Nine complete segments 1 (viral loads 1.7×104 to 5.9×106/ml) and 15 segments 2 (viral loads 4.1×103 to 1.3×106/ml) of otarine PBVs from fecal samples serially collected from California sea lions were sequenced. In the two phylogenetic trees constructed using ORF2 and ORF3 of segment 1, the nine segment 1 sequences were clustered into four distinct clades (C1 to C4). In the tree constructed using RdRp gene of segment 2, the 15 segment 2 sequences were clustered into nine distinct clades (R1 to R9). In four sea lions, PBVs were detected in two different years, with the same segment 1 clade (C3) present in two consecutive years from one sea lion and different clades present in different years from three sea lions. A high diversity of PBVs was observed in a variety of terrestrial and marine mammals. Multiple sequence types with significant differences, representing multiple strains of PBV, were present in the majority of PBV-positive samples from different kinds of animals.
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- 2016
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6. Contributors
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Adkesson, Michael J., primary, Aguilar-Calvo, Patricia, additional, de Alcantara, Bianca Nascimento, additional, Allender, Matthew C., additional, Arias-Bernal, Leonardo, additional, Asa, Cheryl, additional, Backues, Kay A., additional, Bailey, James E., additional, Bauman, Karen, additional, Belov, Katherine, additional, Bertelsen, Mad Frost, additional, Bezner, Jocelyn, additional, Bronson, Ellen, additional, Buss, Peter, additional, Cameron, Kenneth, additional, Campbell-Ward, Michelle, additional, Catenacci, Lilian Silva, additional, Chai, Norin, additional, Chinnadurai, Sathya K., additional, Christensen, Bruce, additional, Clancy, Meredith Martin, additional, Clayton, Leigh, additional, Colitz, Carmen M.H., additional, Cortes-Hinojosa, Galaxia, additional, Crespo-Picazo, José Luis, additional, Dadone, Liza, additional, Danforth, Marietta Dindo, additional, Deem, Sharon L., additional, Dench, Rosalie, additional, Desmarchelier, Marion Renée, additional, Di Girolamo, Nicola, additional, Di Nucci, Dante Luis, additional, Emerson, Jessica A., additional, Epstein, Jonathan H., additional, Erlacher-Reid, Claire, additional, Flanagan, Joseph P., additional, Fundak, Brett, additional, Gage, Laurie J., additional, Gamble, Kathryn C., additional, García-Párraga, Daniel, additional, Garner, Michael M., additional, Georoff, Timothy A., additional, Gilardi, Kirsten V.K., additional, Gilbert, Martin, additional, Goodman, Steven M., additional, Greenberg, Mark, additional, Greenwood, Alex David, additional, Grøndahl, Carsten, additional, Hadfield, Catherine, additional, Halpern, Bálint, additional, Hamer, Sarah, additional, Hammond, Elizabeth E., additional, Harman, Robert, additional, Hernandez, Sonia Maria, additional, Hodo, Carolyn, additional, Hofmeister, Erik, additional, Hogg, Carolyn J., additional, Howard, Lauren Lynn, additional, Ivančić, Marina, additional, Jankowski, Gwen, additional, Janssen, Donald L., additional, Juan-Sallés, Carles, additional, Khairani, Kurnia Oktavia, additional, Kinney, Matthew E., additional, Kleinschmidt, Laura M., additional, Kock, Richard Anthony, additional, Kozlowski, Corinne P., additional, Langan, Jennifer N., additional, Lécu, Alexis, additional, Lewbart, Gregory A., additional, Loyd, Kerrie Anne T., additional, Lüeders, Imke, additional, Mama, Khursheed, additional, Mans, Christoph, additional, Marschang, Rachel E., additional, Martelli, Paolo R., additional, Martinez, Gerardo, additional, Mazet, Jonna A.K., additional, McAloose, Denise, additional, Meteyer, Carol U., additional, Miller, Michele A., additional, Milnes, Ellie, additional, Molter, Christine, additional, Monsalve, Santiago, additional, Morkel, Pete, additional, Murphy, Hayley Weston, additional, Paul-Murphy, Joanne, additional, Nadler, Yvonne, additional, Napier, Julia E., additional, Nel, Pierre, additional, Nol, Pauline, additional, O'Sullivan, Sean, additional, Olea-Popelka, Francisco, additional, Osterrieder, Klaus, additional, Page-Karjian, Annie, additional, Paré, Jean A., additional, Pastor, Adriana, additional, Philippa, Joost, additional, Pieters, Wouter, additional, Portas, Timothy J., additional, Radcliffe, Robin W., additional, Raines, Jan, additional, Raphael, Bonnie L., additional, Rasambainarivo, Fidisoa, additional, Reed, Patricia, additional, Rhyan, Jack C., additional, Rideout, Bruce, additional, Roberts, John, additional, Robinson, Sarah, additional, Moreno, Gianmarco Rojas, additional, Rosen, Laura Elizabeth, additional, Rush, Elizabeth Marie, additional, Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon, additional, Schaftenaar, Willem, additional, Schirmacher, Michael R., additional, Schmidt, Debra A., additional, Seeley, Kathryn E., additional, Shaw, Michelle E., additional, Sigurdson, Christina J., additional, Sladky, Kurt K., additional, Smith, Dale, additional, Smith, Kristine, additional, Sós, Endre, additional, Steenkamp, Gerhard, additional, Styles, Darrel K., additional, Suk-Wai, Hui, additional, Sullivan, Kathleen E., additional, Sykes, John M., additional, Talbot, Jessica J., additional, Tapia, Washington, additional, Terio, Karen A., additional, Terrell, Scott, additional, Toosy, Arshad Haroon, additional, Travis, Dominic A., additional, Tuxbury, Kathryn A., additional, Valdes, Eduardo V., additional, Van Hemert, Caroline, additional, Vance, Carrie K., additional, Verant, Michelle L., additional, Vogelnest, Larry, additional, Walzer, Chris, additional, Wellehan, Jim, additional, Wiedner, Ellen, additional, Wolff, Peregrine L., additional, Yarto-Jaramillo, Enrique, additional, and Zuba, Jeffery R., additional
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- 2019
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7. Update on Melioidosis in Zoo and Wild Animals
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Martelli, Paolo R., primary and Suk-Wai, Hui, additional
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- 2019
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8. Retraction for Woo et al., 'Discovery of a Novel Bottlenose Dolphin Coronavirus Reveals a Distinct Species of Marine Mammal Coronavirus in Gammacoronavirus'
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Patrick C. Y. Woo, Susanna K. P. Lau, Carol S. F. Lam, Alan K. L. Tsang, Suk-Wai Hui, Rachel Y. Y. Fan, Paolo Martelli, and Kwok-Yung Yuen
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Base Sequence ,Coronaviridae ,Coronaviridae Infections ,Immunology ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Genome, Viral ,Microbiology ,Retraction ,Bottle-Nosed Dolphin ,Open Reading Frames ,Virology ,Insect Science ,Animals ,Phylogeny - Abstract
While gammacoronaviruses mainly comprise infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and its closely related bird coronaviruses (CoVs), the only mammalian gammacoronavirus was discovered from a white beluga whale (beluga whale CoV [BWCoV] SW1) in 2008. In this study, we discovered a novel gammacoronavirus from fecal samples from three Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), which we named bottlenose dolphin CoV (BdCoV) HKU22. All the three BdCoV HKU22-positive samples were collected on the same date, suggesting a cluster of infection, with viral loads of 1 × 10(3) to 1 × 10(5) copies per ml. Clearance of virus was associated with a specific antibody response against the nucleocapsid of BdCoV HKU22. Complete genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis showed that BdCoV HKU22 and BWCoV SW1 have similar genome characteristics and structures. Their genome size is about 32,000 nucleotides, the largest among all CoVs, as a result of multiple unique open reading frames (NS5a, NS5b, NS5c, NS6, NS7, NS8, NS9, and NS10) between their membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) protein genes. Although comparative genome analysis showed that BdCoV HKU22 and BWCoV SW1 should belong to the same species, a major difference was observed in the proteins encoded by their spike (S) genes, which showed only 74.3 to 74.7% amino acid identities. The high ratios of the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks) to the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site (Ka) in multiple regions of the genome, especially the S gene (Ka/Ks ratio, 2.5), indicated that BdCoV HKU22 may be evolving rapidly, supporting a recent transmission event to the bottlenose dolphins. We propose a distinct species, Cetacean coronavirus, in Gammacoronavirus, to include BdCoV HKU22 and BWCoV SW1, whereas IBV and its closely related bird CoVs represent another species, Avian coronavirus, in Gammacoronavirus.
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- 2022
9. Sexual maturity, seasonal estrus, and gestation in female Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphinsTursiops aduncusinferred from serum reproductive hormones
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Grant Abel, Peijun Zhang, Zhengzhi Wei, Paolo Martelli, Yujiang Hao, Songhai Li, and Suk-Wai Hui
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0106 biological sciences ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Andrology ,Estrus ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Animals ,Tursiops aduncus ,Sexual maturity ,Testosterone ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sexual Maturation ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Progesterone ,Estrous cycle ,Estradiol ,05 social sciences ,Significant difference ,Reproductive hormones ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Bottle-Nosed Dolphin ,Gestation ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
Reproductive hormones in serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone in female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus,n= 12) housed in Ocean Park Hong Kong were investigated in the present study. Results showed that, onset of puberty of captive Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins was at 5 years while sexual maturity was at 6. Average serum progesterone concentrations in non-pregnant sexually mature individuals was 0.33 (0.25-0.97) ng/mL (interquartile), significantly higher than in immature ones 0.26 (0.25-0.38) ng/mL. This study found significant difference in serum estradiol concentrations between individuals at the onset of puberty (9.5 +/- 1.7 pg/mL, +/- SD) and not (below detection limit 9 pg/mL). A slightly seasonal breeding pattern, with progesterone values tend to be higher from February to October (0.38 [0.25-1.07] ng/mL) was inferred. During pregnancy, serum progesterone concentrations range from 10.54 +/- 8.74 ng/mL (indexed month post-conception [IMPC] 0) to 25.49 +/- 12.06 ng/mL (IMPC 2), and display a bimodal pattern with 2 peaks in early- (25.49 +/- 12.06 ng/mL, IMPC 2) and late-pregnancy (21.71 +/- 10.25 ng/mL, IMPC 12), respectively. Serum estradiol concentrations can seldom be detected in early-pregnancy and increase constantly in mid- (9.45 +/- 1.83 pg/mL) and late-pregnancy (11.88 +/- 3.81 pg/mL), with a spike (15.45 +/- 6.78 pg/mL) 1 month prior to delivery. Serum testosterone concentrations elevate significantly in IMPC 7 (0.36 +/- 0.10 ng/mL) compared to other months (0.16 +/- 0.10 ng/mL) of the year. The present study provides normal concentration profiles for some reproductive hormones in female Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins and can contribute to the breeding monitoring of this species. Also, our study would shed further light on the reproductive physiology of small cetaceans.
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- 2020
10. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in a Captive Giant Panda, Hong Kong
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Susanna K. P. Lau, Kai-Yan Yeong, Jordan Y. H. Fong, Paolo Martelli, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Foo-Khong Lee, Suk-Wai Hui, Kwok-Hung Chan, and Jade L. L. Teng
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Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in a Captive Giant Panda, Hong Kong ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,030231 tropical medicine ,Identity (social science) ,influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 ,lcsh:Medicine ,Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,Genome ,Virus ,Cell Line ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,respiratory infections ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,0302 clinical medicine ,Orthomyxoviridae Infections ,Animals ,giant panda ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Phylogeny ,lcsh:R ,Dispatch ,virus diseases ,Influenza a ,Genomics ,Viral Load ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Antibody response ,Hong Kong ,influenza ,Viral load ,Ursidae - Abstract
We report influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in a captive giant panda in Hong Kong. The viral load peaked on day 1 and became undetectable on day 5, and an antibody response developed. Genome analysis showed 99.3%–99.9% nucleotide identity between the virus and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in Hong Kong.
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- 2019
11. A Sensitive and Specific Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of COVID-19 in Animals
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Paolo Martelli, Sally C. Y. Wong, David Christopher Lung, Elaine Chan, Hayes K.H. Luk, Alan K.L. Wu, Zirong He, Ulrich Wernery, Susanna K. P. Lau, Tak-Lun Que, Jade L. L. Teng, Ivan Hung, Kitty S. C. Fung, Chi-Ching Tsang, Tom Wai-Hin Chung, Kenneth S.M. Li, Tony T.Y. Chan, Anthony Raymond Tam, Suk-Wai Hui, Joshua Fung, Patrick C. Y. Woo, and Franklin W.N. Chow
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,competitive ELISA ,QH301-705.5 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,030106 microbiology ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Percent Inhibition ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Virology ,antibody ,Biology (General) ,Blood testing ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Serum samples ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,nucleocapsid protein - Abstract
In addition to human cases, cases of COVID-19 in captive animals and pets are increasingly reported. This raises the concern for two-way COVID-19 transmission between humans and animals. Here, we developed a SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for serodiagnosis of COVID-19 which can theoretically be used in virtually all kinds of animals. We used 187 serum samples from patients with/without COVID-19, laboratory animals immunized with inactive SARS-CoV-2 virions, COVID-19-negative animals, and animals seropositive to other betacoronaviruses. A cut-off percent inhibition value of 22.345% was determined and the analytical sensitivity and specificity were found to be 1:64–1:256 and 93.9%, respectively. Evaluation on its diagnostic performance using 155 serum samples from COVID-19-negative animals and COVID-19 human patients showed a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 80.8% and 100%, respectively. The cELISA can be incorporated into routine blood testing of farmed/captive animals for COVID-19 surveillance.
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- 2021
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12. Two novel noroviruses and a novel norovirus genogroup in California sea lions
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Candy C. Y. Lau, Wan-Mui Chan, Herman Tse, Paolo Martelli, Hwei Huih Lee, Suk-Wai Hui, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Susanna K. P. Lau, Kwok-Yung Yuen, and Jade L. L. Teng
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0301 basic medicine ,Genotype ,viruses ,030106 microbiology ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,California ,Feces ,Open Reading Frames ,03 medical and health sciences ,fluids and secretions ,stomatognathic system ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,ORFS ,Sea lion ,Phylogeny ,Caliciviridae Infections ,Genomic organization ,Amino Acid Motifs ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,Phylogenetic tree ,Norovirus ,Genetic Variation ,virus diseases ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Sea Lions ,Closest relatives ,030104 developmental biology - Abstract
In this study, two novel noroviruses (NoVs) were discovered from faecal samples from California sea lions from an oceanarium in Hong Kong, and named California sea lion NoV 1 (Csl/NoV1) and California sea lion NoV 2 (Csl/NoV2). Whole-genome sequencing showed that the genome organization and amino acid motifs of both Csl/NoV1 and Csl/NoV2 were typical of those of other NoVs in their open reading frames (ORFs). Csl/NoV1 possessed only 52.6-52.8 % amino acid identity in VP1 to the closest matches in genogroup GII. Therefore, Csl/NoV1 should constitute a novel genogroup of NoV. Shifting of the phylogenetic position of Csl/NoV1 in the RdRp, VP1 and VP2 trees was observed, which may have been due to recombination events and/or biased mutations. Csl/NoV2 possessed 55.4-56.2 % amino acid identity in VP1 to its closest relatives in genogroup GVI, which means that it represents a new genotype in genogroup GVI. Further studies will reveal what diseases these NoVs can cause in marine mammals.
- Published
- 2018
13. 46 - Update on Melioidosis in Zoo and Wild Animals
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Martelli, Paolo R. and Suk-Wai, Hui
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- 2019
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14. First case report of fatal Nocardia nova infection in yellow-bibbed lory (Lorius chlorocercus) identified by multilocus sequencing
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Jordan Y. H. Fong, Foo Khong Lee, Russell Graydon, Paolo Martelli, Sarah M. Churgin, Suk-Wai Hui, Jeremy H. P. Ho, Jade L. L. Teng, Patrick C. Y. Woo, and Susanna K. P. Lau
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medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Nocardia Infections ,Case Report ,Yellow-bibbed lory ,Nocardia ,Microbiology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fatal Outcome ,Parrots ,Multilocus ,Phylogenetics ,Molecular genetics ,medicine ,Sequencing ,Animals ,Lung ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Bird Diseases ,Nocardiosis ,Histology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Nocardia nova ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Granuloma ,Lorius chlorocercus ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Hong Kong ,Animals, Zoo ,Infection ,Multilocus Sequence Typing - Abstract
Background Nocardiosis is often a multi-systemic disease in humans and other mammals. Nocardiosis in birds is uncommon. Laboratory identification of Nocardia to the species level is difficult by traditional phenotypic methods based on biochemical reactions and hydrolysis tests, and is most accurately performed by sequencing multiple gene targets. Case presentation We report the first case of fatal Nocardia nova infection in a yellow-bibbed lory nestling in an oceanarium diagnosed by multilocus sequencing. Necropsy examination showed effacement of normal sternal musculature with yellowish, firm aberrant material, and diffuse infiltration of the lungs with nodular, tan to yellow foci. Histologically, severe granulomatous inflammation with marked necrosis was observed in the lung, spleen and sternal musculature. Fine, sometimes Gram-positive, 0.5–1 μm wide, branching and beaded filamentous organisms were visible within the lesions. They were acid-fast on Fite-Faraco stain. Tissue samples obtained from the sternum, liver, right lung and right kidney recovered Nocardia species. Sequencing of four gene loci and phylogenetic analysis of concatenated (gyrB-16S-secA1-hsp65) sequences revealed that the isolate was N. nova. Conclusions We report the first case of N. nova infection in yellow-bibbed lorry (Lorius chlorocercus). The present case is the first one of which the species identity of the isolate was determined by multilocus sequencing. Molecular diagnosis is important for identifying the Nocardia to species level and understanding the epidemiology of nocardiosis in birds.
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- 2019
15. In Vitro Susceptibility of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam against Burkholderia pseudomallei
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Patrick C. Y. Woo, Jade L. L. Teng, Suk-Wai Hui, Susanna K. P. Lau, Elaine Chan, and Paolo Martelli
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0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,Melioidosis ,biology ,business.industry ,Burkholderia pseudomallei ,030106 microbiology ,CEFTOLOZANE/TAZOBACTAM ,Disease ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Southeast asia ,Microbiology ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,Case fatality rate ,bacteria ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,business ,Letter to the Editor - Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the cause of melioidosis, a potentially serious and fatal disease characterized by community-acquired pneumonia and/or sepsis found mainly in Southeast Asia and northern Australia, and high case fatality rates of up to 19% are observed in areas where the disease is
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- 2018
16. FatalFusarium solanispecies complex infections in elasmobranchs: the first case report for black spotted stingray (Taeniura melanopsila) and a literature review
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Patrick C. Y. Woo, Raymond W. W. Leung, Susanna K. P. Lau, Chi-Ching Tsang, Joseph M. Groff, Suk-Wai Hui, Antonio H. Y. Ngan, Nimal Fernando, and Shui-Yee Leung
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Fusarium ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Virulence ,Dermatology ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Fish Diseases ,Fatal Outcome ,Fusarium solani species complex ,Botany ,Stingray ,Animals ,Humans ,Internal transcribed spacer ,Phylogeny ,Skin ,Taeniura ,Fish fin ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Fusariosis ,Sharks ,Fusarium solani ,Elasmobranchii ,Multilocus Sequence Typing - Abstract
Fusarium species are environmental saprophytic fungi. Among the many Fusarium species, members of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are the most prevalent and virulent in causing human and animal infections. In this study, we describe the first case of fatal FSSC infection in a black spotted stingray and three concomitant infections in scalloped hammerhead sharks. In the stingray, cutaneous lesions were characterised by ulcers and haemorrhage of the ventral pectoral fin, or 'ray', especially around the head; while cutaneous lesions in the sharks were characterised by ulcers, haemorrhage, as well as white and purulent exudates at the cephalic canals of the cephalofoil and lateral line. Histological sections of the cutaneous lesions revealed slender (1-4 μm in diameter), branching, septate fungal hyphae. Internal transcribed spacer region and 28S nrDNA sequencing of the fungal isolates from the fish showed two isolates were F. keratoplasticum (FSSC 2) and the other two were FSSC 12. Environmental investigation revealed the FSSC strains isolated from water and biofilms in tanks that housed the elasmobranchs were also F. keratoplasticum and FSSC 12. Fusarium is associated with major infections in elasmobranchs and FSSC 12 is an emerging cause of infections in marine animals. DNA sequencing is so far the most reliable method for accurate identification of Fusarium species.
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- 2015
17. Discovery of a Novel Bottlenose Dolphin Coronavirus Reveals a Distinct Species of Marine Mammal Coronavirus in Gammacoronavirus
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Carol S. F. Lam, Paolo Martelli, Alan K.L. Tsang, Susanna K. P. Lau, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Suk Wai Hui, Patrick C. Y. Woo, and Rachel Y.Y. Fan
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Genetics ,Nonsynonymous substitution ,Whole genome sequencing ,viruses ,Immunology ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,Bottlenose dolphin ,Microbiology ,Genome ,Genetic Diversity and Evolution ,Virology ,Insect Science ,medicine ,Tursiops aduncus ,Gene ,Genome size ,Coronavirus - Abstract
While gammacoronaviruses mainly comprise infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and its closely related bird coronaviruses (CoVs), the only mammalian gammacoronavirus was discovered from a white beluga whale (beluga whale CoV [BWCoV] SW1) in 2008. In this study, we discovered a novel gammacoronavirus from fecal samples from three Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ), which we named bottlenose dolphin CoV (BdCoV) HKU22. All the three BdCoV HKU22-positive samples were collected on the same date, suggesting a cluster of infection, with viral loads of 1 × 10 3 to 1 × 10 5 copies per ml. Clearance of virus was associated with a specific antibody response against the nucleocapsid of BdCoV HKU22. Complete genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis showed that BdCoV HKU22 and BWCoV SW1 have similar genome characteristics and structures. Their genome size is about 32,000 nucleotides, the largest among all CoVs, as a result of multiple unique open reading frames (NS5a, NS5b, NS5c, NS6, NS7, NS8, NS9, and NS10) between their membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) protein genes. Although comparative genome analysis showed that BdCoV HKU22 and BWCoV SW1 should belong to the same species, a major difference was observed in the proteins encoded by their spike (S) genes, which showed only 74.3 to 74.7% amino acid identities. The high ratios of the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site ( K s ) to the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site ( K a ) in multiple regions of the genome, especially the S gene ( K a / K s ratio, 2.5), indicated that BdCoV HKU22 may be evolving rapidly, supporting a recent transmission event to the bottlenose dolphins. We propose a distinct species, Cetacean coronavirus , in Gammacoronavirus , to include BdCoV HKU22 and BWCoV SW1, whereas IBV and its closely related bird CoVs represent another species, Avian coronavirus , in Gammacoronavirus .
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- 2014
18. Burkholderia pseudomalleiin soil samples from an oceanarium in Hong Kong detected using a sensitive PCR assay
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Susanna K. P. Lau, San-Yuen Chan, Paolo Martelli, Suk-Wai Hui, Paul P. Lee, Chi-Chun Ho, Shirly O. T. Curreem, Patrick C. Y. Woo, and Candy C. Y. Lau
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Burkholderia pseudomallei ,Microbiological culture ,Melioidosis ,Soil test ,Epidemiology ,Immunology ,Pcr assay ,Biology ,Microbiology ,soil ,law.invention ,law ,Virology ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Polymerase chain reaction ,oceanarium ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Isolation (microbiology) ,medicine.disease ,culture ,PCR ,Infectious Diseases ,Emerging infectious disease ,Original Article ,Parasitology ,melioidosis - Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an emerging infectious disease with an expanding geographical distribution. Although assessment of the environmental load of B. pseudomallei is important for risk assessment in humans or animals in endemic areas, traditional methods of bacterial culture for isolation have low sensitivities and are labor-intensive. Using a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting a Tat domain protein in comparison with a bacterial culture method, we examined the prevalence of B. pseudomallei in soil samples from an oceanarium in Hong Kong where captive marine mammals and birds have contracted melioidosis. Among 1420 soil samples collected from various sites in the oceanarium over a 15-month period, B. pseudomallei was detected in nine (0.6%) soil samples using bacterial culture, whereas it was detected in 96 (6.8%) soil samples using the specific PCR assay confirmed by sequencing. The PCR-positive samples were detected during various months, with higher detection rates observed during summer months. Positive PCR detection was significantly correlated with ambient temperature (P
- Published
- 2014
19. High Diversity of Genogroup I Picobirnaviruses in Mammals
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Syed Shakeel Ahmed, Ru Bai, Alan K.L. Tsang, Suk-Wai Hui, Annette Y. P. Wong, Kenneth S. M. Li, Susanna K. P. Lau, Garnet K. Y. Choi, Carol S. F. Lam, Candy C. Y. Lau, Paolo Martelli, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Cyril C. Y. Yip, Kwok-Yung Yuen, and Jade L. L. Teng
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,030106 microbiology ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Zoology ,Picobirnavirus ,Biology ,Microbiology ,lcsh:Microbiology ,law.invention ,diversity ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phylogenetics ,law ,mammals ,picobirnaviruses ,Clade ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Original Research ,Phylogenetic tree ,Molecular epidemiology ,Aquatic animal ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,030104 developmental biology ,Taxonomy (biology) ,genogroup I ,sea lion - Abstract
In a molecular epidemiology study using 791 fecal samples collected from different terrestrial and marine mammals in Hong Kong, genogroup I picobirnaviruses (PBVs) were positive by RT-PCR targeting the partial RdRp gene in specimens from five cattle, six monkeys, 17 horses, nine pigs, one rabbit, one dog, and 12 California sea lions, with 11, 9, 23, 17, 1, 1, and 15 sequence types in the positive specimens from the corresponding animals, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PBV sequences from each kind of animal were widely distributed in the whole tree with high diversity, sharing 47.4–89.0% nucleotide identities with other genogroup I PBV strains based on the partial RdRp gene. Nine complete segment 1 (viral loads 1.7 × 104 to 5.9 × 106/ml) and 15 segment 2 (viral loads 4.1 × 103 to 1.3 × 106/ml) of otarine PBVs from fecal samples serially collected from California sea lions were sequenced. In the two phylogenetic trees constructed using ORF2 and ORF3 of segment 1, the nine segment 1 sequences were clustered into four distinct clades (C1–C4). In the tree constructed using RdRp gene of segment 2, the 15 segment 2 sequences were clustered into nine distinct clades (R1–R9). In four sea lions, PBVs were detected in two different years, with the same segment 1 clade (C3) present in two consecutive years from one sea lion and different clades present in different years from three sea lions. A high diversity of PBVs was observed in a variety of terrestrial and marine mammals. Multiple sequence types with significant differences, representing multiple strains of PBV, were present in the majority of PBV-positive samples from different kinds of animals.
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- 2016
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20. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in a Captive Giant Panda, Hong Kong.
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Martelli, Paolo, Teng, Jade L. L., Foo-Khong Lee, Kai-Yan Yeong, Fong, Jordan Y. H., Suk-Wai Hui, Kwok-Hung Chan, Lau, Susanna K. P., Woo, Patrick C. Y., Lee, Foo-Khong, Yeong, Kai-Yan, Hui, Suk-Wai, and Chan, Kwok-Hung
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VIRUS diseases ,GIANT panda ,INFLUENZA ,VIRAL load ,ANTIBODY formation - Abstract
We report influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in a captive giant panda in Hong Kong. The viral load peaked on day 1 and became undetectable on day 5, and an antibody response developed. Genome analysis showed 99.3%-99.9% nucleotide identity between the virus and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus circulating in Hong Kong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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21. Metabolomic profiling of Burkholderia pseudomallei using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS reveals specific biomarkers including 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol and unique thiamine degradation pathway
- Author
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Patrick C. Y. Woo, Suk Wai Hui, Kim Chung Lee, Candy C. Y. Lau, Ching-Wan Lam, Sally C. Y. Wong, Susanna K. P. Lau, Paolo Martelli, Shirly O. T. Curreem, Siddharth Sridhar, Wang Ngai Chow, and Kwok-Yung Yuen
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Melioidosis ,Burkholderia pseudomallei ,Hydroxyethylthiazole kinase ,medicine.drug_class ,Metabolite ,Research ,Antibiotics ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Proteomics ,biology.organism_classification ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Specific ,Metabolomics ,chemistry ,medicine ,Thiamine ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background Burkholderia pseudomallei is an emerging pathogen that causes melioidosis, a serious and potentially fatal disease which requires prolonged antibiotics to prevent relapse. However, diagnosis of melioidosis can be difficult, especially in culture-negative cases. While metabolomics represents an uprising tool for studying infectious diseases, there were no reports on its applications to B. pseudomallei. To search for potential specific biomarkers, we compared the metabolomics profiles of culture supernatants of B. pseudomallei (15 strains), B. thailandensis (3 strains), B. cepacia complex (14 strains), P. aeruginosa (4 strains) and E. coli (3 strains), using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Multi- and univariate analyses were used to identify specific metabolites in B. pseudomallei. Results Principal component and partial-least squares discrimination analysis readily distinguished the metabolomes between B. pseudomallei and other bacterial species. Using multi-variate and univariate analysis, eight metabolites with significantly higher levels in B. pseudomallei were identified. Three of the eight metabolites were identified by MS/MS, while five metabolites were unidentified against database matching, suggesting that they may be potentially novel compounds. One metabolite, m/z 144.048, was identified as 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, a degradation product of thiamine (vitamin B1), with molecular formula C6H9NOS by database searches and confirmed by MS/MS using commercially available authentic chemical standard. Two metabolites, m/z 512.282 and m/z 542.2921, were identified as tetrapeptides, Ile-His-Lys-Asp with molecular formula C22H37N7O7 and Pro-Arg-Arg-Asn with molecular formula C21H39N11O6, respectively. To investigate the high levels of 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol in B. pseudomallei, we compared the thiamine degradation pathways encoded in genomes of B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis. While both B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis possess thiaminase I which catalyzes degradation of thiamine to 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, thiM, which encodes hydroxyethylthiazole kinase responsible for degradation of 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, is present and expressed in B. thailandensis as detected by PCR/RT-PCR, but absent or not expressed in all B. pseudomallei strains. This suggests that the high 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol level in B. pseudomallei is likely due to the absence of hydroxyethylthiazole kinase and hence reduced downstream degradation. Conclusion Eight novel biomarkers, including 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol and two tetrapeptides, were identified in the culture supernatant of B. pseudomallei. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13578-015-0018-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2015
22. Fatal systemic necrotizing infections associated with a novel paramyxovirus, anaconda paramyxovirus, in green anaconda juveniles
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Candy C. Y. Lau, Kwok-Hung Chan, Suk-Wai Hui, Rachel Y.Y. Fan, Paolo Martelli, Joseph M. Groff, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Susanna K. P. Lau, Kwok-Yung Yuen, and Emily W. T. Tam
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Microbiology (medical) ,food.ingredient ,Virus Cultivation ,viruses ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Sequence Homology ,Green anaconda ,Virus ,Anaconda ,Clinical Veterinary Microbiology ,Cell Line ,food ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,Boidae ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Paramyxovirinae ,Eunectes ,Phylogeny ,Paramyxoviridae Infections ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Virion ,Animal Structures ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Ferlavirus ,Viral Load ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Hong Kong ,RNA, Viral ,Animals, Zoo ,Viral load - Abstract
Beginning in July 2011, 31 green anaconda ( Eunectes murinus ) juveniles from an oceanarium in Hong Kong died over a 12-month period. Necropsy revealed at least two of the following features in 23 necropsies: dermatitis, severe pan-nephritis, and/or severe systemic multiorgan necrotizing inflammation. Histopathological examination revealed severe necrotizing inflammation in various organs, most prominently the kidneys. Electron microscopic examination of primary tissues revealed intralesional accumulations of viral nucleocapsids with diameters of 10 to 14 nm, typical of paramyxoviruses. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR results were positive for paramyxovirus (viral loads of 2.33 × 10 4 to 1.05 × 10 8 copies/mg tissue) in specimens from anaconda juveniles that died but negative in specimens from the two anaconda juveniles and anaconda mother that survived. None of the other snakes in the park was moribund, and RT-PCR results for surveillance samples collected from other snakes were negative. The virus was isolated from BHK21 cells, causing cytopathic effects with syncytial formation. The virus could also replicate in 25 of 27 cell lines of various origins, in line with its capability for infecting various organs. Electron microscopy with cell culture material revealed enveloped virus with the typical “herringbone” appearance of helical nucleocapsids in paramyxoviruses. Complete genome sequencing of five isolates confirmed that the infections originated from the same clone. Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses and mRNA editing experiments revealed a novel paramyxovirus in the genus Ferlavirus , named anaconda paramyxovirus, with a typical Ferlavirus genomic organization of 3′-N-U-P/V/I-M-F-HN-L-5′. Epidemiological and genomic analyses suggested that the anaconda juveniles acquired the virus perinatally from the anaconda mother rather than from other reptiles in the park, with subsequent interanaconda juvenile transmission.
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- 2014
23. Complete genome sequence of a novel picobirnavirus, otarine picobirnavirus, discovered in California sea lions
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Patrick C. Y. Woo, Paolo Martelli, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Jade L. L. Teng, Ru Bai, Susanna K. P. Lau, Suk-Wai Hui, and Paul P. Lee
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Sequence analysis ,viruses ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Immunology ,RNA, Viral - genetics ,Picobirnavirus ,Genome, Viral ,Microbiology ,Genome ,Feces ,Open Reading Frames ,Viral Proteins ,RNA Virus Infections ,Virology ,Animals ,ORFS ,Whole genome sequencing ,Genetics ,biology ,RNA Virus Infections - veterinary - virology ,Sea Lions - virology ,Picobirnavirus - genetics - isolation and purification ,RNA ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Genome Announcements ,Sea Lions ,Open reading frame ,Capsid ,Insect Science ,RNA, Viral - Abstract
We discovered a novel otarine picobirnavirus in fecal samples of California sea lions. Its genome contains a large segment with two open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1 encoding a putative protein of 163 amino acids with unknown function and ORF2 encoding capsid protein, and a small segment with one ORF encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase., link_to_OA_fulltext
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- 2012
24. High Diversity of Genogroup I Picobirnaviruses in Mammals.
- Author
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Woo, Patrick C. Y., Teng, Jade L. L., Bai, Ru, Wong, Annette Y. P., Martelli, Paolo, Suk-Wai Hui, Tsang, Alan K. L., Lau, Candy C. Y., Ahmed, Syed S., Yip, Cyril C. Y., Choi, Garnet K. Y., Li, Kenneth S. M., Lam, Carol S. F., Lau, Susanna K. P., and Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Subjects
MOLECULAR epidemiology ,BIODIVERSITY ,SEA lions - Abstract
In a molecular epidemiology study using 791 fecal samples collected from different terrestrial and marine mammals in Hong Kong, genogroup I picobirnaviruses (PBVs) were positive by RT-PCR targeting the partial RdRp gene in specimens from five cattle, six monkeys, 17 horses, nine pigs, one rabbit, one dog, and 12 California sea lions, with 11, 9, 23, 17, 1, 1, and 15 sequence types in the positive specimens from the corresponding animals, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PBV sequences from each kind of animal were widely distributed in the whole tree with high diversity, sharing 47.4-89.0% nucleotide identities with other genogroup I PBV strains based on the partial RdRp gene. Nine complete segment 1 (viral loads 1.7 × 104 to 5.9 × 10
6 /ml) and 15 segment 2 (viral loads 4.1 × 103 to 1.3 × 106 /ml) of otarine PBVs from fecal samples serially collected from California sea lions were sequenced. In the two phylogenetic trees constructed using ORF2 and ORF3 of segment 1, the nine segment 1 sequences were clustered into four distinct clades (C1-C4). In the tree constructed using RdRp gene of segment 2, the 15 segment 2 sequences were clustered into nine distinct clades (R1-R9). In four sea lions, PBVs were detected in two different years, with the same segment 1 clade (C3) present in two consecutive years from one sea lion and different clades present in different years from three sea lions. A high diversity of PBVs was observed in a variety of terrestrial and marine mammals. Multiple sequence types with significant differences, representing multiple strains of PBV, were present in the majority of PBV-positive samples from different kinds of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Metabolomic profiling of Burkholderia pseudomallei using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS reveals specific biomarkers including 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol and unique thiamine degradation pathway.
- Author
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Susanna K. P. Lau, Ching-Wan Lam, Shirly O. T. Curreem, Kim-Chung Lee, Wang-Ngai Chow, Candy C. Y. Lau, Sridhar, Siddharth, Sally C. Y. Wong, Martelli, Paolo, Suk-Wai Hui, Kwok-Yung Yuen, and Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Subjects
MELIOIDOSIS ,BIOMARKERS ,BURKHOLDERIA infections ,BURKHOLDERIA pseudomallei ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography - Abstract
Copyright of Cell & Bioscience is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
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26. Retraction for Woo et al., "Discovery of a Novel Bottlenose Dolphin Coronavirus Reveals a Distinct Species of Marine Mammal Coronavirus in Gammacoronavirus".
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Woo, Patrick C. Y., Lau, Susanna K. P., Lam, Carol S. F., Tsang, Alan K. L., Suk-Wai Hui, Fan, Rachel Y. Y., Martelli, Paolo, and Kwok-Yung Yuen
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- *
CORONAVIRUSES , *BOTTLENOSE dolphin , *COVID-19 , *SPECIES - Published
- 2022
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27. Discovery of a Novel Bottlenose Dolphin Coronavirus Reveals a Distinct Species of Marine Mammal Coronavirus in Gammacoronavirus.
- Author
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Woo, Patrick C. Y., Lau, Susanna K. P., Lam, Carol S. F., Tsang, Alan K. L., Suk-Wai Hui, Fan, Rachel Y. Y., Martelli, Paolo, and Kwok-Yung Yuen
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- *
BOTTLENOSE dolphin , *CORONAVIRUS diseases , *MARINE mammals , *AVIAN infectious bronchitis virus , *FECAL analysis , *NUCLEOCAPSIDS , *IMMUNE response , *DISEASES - Abstract
While gammacoronaviruses mainly comprise infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and its closely related bird coronaviruses (CoVs), the only mammalian gammacoronavirus was discovered from a white beluga whale (beluga whale CoV [BWCoV] SW1) in 2008. In this study, we discovered a novel gammacoronavirus from fecal samples from three Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus), which we named bottlenose dolphin CoV (BdCoV) HKU22. All the three BdCoV HKU22-positive samples were collected on the same date, suggesting a cluster of infection, with viral loads of 1 × 10³ to 1 × 105 copies per ml. Clearance of virus was associated with a specific antibody response against the nucleocapsid of BdCoV HKU22. Complete genome sequencing and comparative genome analysis showed that BdCoV HKU22 and BWCoV SW1 have similar genome characteristics and structures. Their genome size is about 32,000 nucleotides, the largest among all CoVs, as a result of multiple unique open reading frames (NS5a, NS5b, NS5c, NS6, NS7, NS8, NS9, and NS10) between their membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) protein genes. Although comparative genome analysis showed that BdCoV HKU22 and BWCoV SW1 should belong to the same species, a major difference was observed in the proteins encoded by their spike (S) genes, which showed only 74.3 to 74.7% amino acid identities. The high ratios of the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks) to the number of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site (Ka) in multiple regions of the genome, especially the S gene (Ka/Ks ratio, 2.5), indicated that BdCoV HKU22 may be evolving rapidly, supporting a recent transmission event to the bottlenose dolphins. We propose a distinct species, Cetacean coronavirus, in Gammacoronavirus, to include BdCoV HKU22 and BWCoV SW1, whereas IBV and its closely related bird CoVs represent another species, Avian coronavirus, in Gammacoronavirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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