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PurposeThe Western-centric nature of research into corporate social responsibility (CSR) has left gaps in one’s understanding of local culture's role in augmenting or undermining the impact of firms' CSR policies. This paper constructs and tests variables measuring “Confucian values” mediation between Chinese employees' perceived CSR and their job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling, using data from 311 responses completed by employees at Chinese private companies, located in China's Cheng-Yu economic area (Chongqing and Chengdu).FindingsChinese employees' perceived CSR had a positive significant effect on job attitudes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment). However, perceived CSR had no significant positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior. The authors also found that Confucian values are a partial mediator between perceived CSR and job attitudes and a full mediator between perceived CSR and organizational citizenship behavior.Originality/valueThe results enrich one’s understanding of cultural values in these relationships and suggest further research into how firms and governments in Confucian-based societies can better operationalize Confucian values to argument the firm's and country's CSR identity, thus improving job attitudes and public relations among customers who share this cultural heritage. For non-Confucian societies and foreign firms operating in China, the results encourage searches for Confucian value substitutes, such as trust and education, to incorporate into CSR mechanisms that promote these values among employees. The authors suggest approaches for furthering these agendas.

본 논문은 국가 부패에 대한 군집적 유형 분류를 시도하고 있다. 국가 부패는 역사, 문화적 특수성이 있음에도 불구하고, 기존 연구는 부패를 민주주의와 시장경제의 낙후 정도로 해석하여 부패를 선형화(linear)한 단점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 존스턴(Johnston 2005)의 국가분류 사례를 이용하여, 부패의 4가지 유형을 제시한다. 연구는 44개 국가를 4개 그룹으로 분류하는 작업을 하며, 그룹 간 차이를 알아보는 ANOVA(Analysis of Variance) 검증을 실시하였다. 본고에서는 1차적으로 정치적 제도화 정도와 경제적 제도화 정도를 두 축으로 부패 유형을 시장-매개형 부패(1유형), 정경유착형 부패(2유형), 족벌 부패(3유형), 독재형 부패(4유형)로 분류하였다. 이후 4개의 유형으로 분류된 국가를 대상으로 분산분석을 이용하여 유형간 차이를 검증하였다. 분석을 위하여 2001년부터 2015년 15년 기간 동안 44개 국가들을 대상으로 660개의 횡단면 자료가 사용되었으며, 분석결과 4개의 유형으로 분류된 국가 간 유의한 차이를 발견하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석을 통해 발견한 부패의 유형을 통해 향후 위정자들은 역사, 문화 유형에 적합한 반부패정책을 실시할 수 있을 것이다.

This study examines the determinants of outward Korean foreign direct investment (FDI) in ASEAN countries and the moderating role of the ASEAN-Korea FTA. We utilised the generalised least squares (GLS) with 170 country-year panel data obtained from 10 ASEAN countries and South Korea from 2000 to 2016. The trade volume between ASEAN countries and South Korea had a positive impact on outward FDI of South Korea, supporting the complementary relationship between trade volume and FDI. Also, the moderating effect of ASEAN-Korea FTA on the relationship between trade and FDI was found. It implies that the implementation of ASEAN-Korea FTA stimulates not only outward FDI of South Korea but also the effective economic integration among countries. Thus, we suggest that ASEAN-Korea FTA would be a good way to establish a cooperative framework among countries and improve these countries' economic welfare.

Many transnational corporations and international organizations have embraced corporate social responsibility (CSR) to address criticisms of working and environmental conditions at subcontractors’ factories. While CSR ‹codes of conduct’ are easy to draft, supplier compliance has been elusive. Even third-party monitoring has proven an incomplete solution. This article proposes that an alteration in the supply chain’s governance, from an arms-length market model to a collaborative partnership, often will be necessary to effectuate CSR. The market model forces contractors to focus on price and delivery as they compete for the lead firm’s business, rendering CSR observance secondary, at best. A collaborative partnership where the lead firm gives select suppliers secure product orders and other benefits removes disincentives and adds incentives for CSR compliance. In time, the suppliers’ CSR habit should shift their business philosophy toward pursuing CSR as an end in itself, regardless of buyer incentives and monitoring. This article examines these hypotheses in the context of the athletic footwear sector with Nike, Inc. and its suppliers as the specific case study. The data collected and conclusions reached offer strategies for advancing CSR beyond the superficial and often ineffectual ‹code of conduct’ stage.

The surface modification of Li powder was attempted in order to enhance the electrochemical properties of the electrodes used in rechargeable batteries. To create a “native” LiF film on Li powder, Li powder was manufactured using a droplet emulsion technique (DET) process by introducing fluoride as a surfactant. The surface modification of the Li powder was confirmed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Two-electrode cells (Li symmetric cells) were prepared for the purpose of impedance analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. From the impedance analysis, the modified surface film was found to have a smaller resistance than the bare Li powder surface. SEM images showed that dendritic formations were more highly suppressed when the compacted Li powder and surface-modified Li powder electrodes were used than when the Li foil electrode was used. Moreover, the surface-modified Li powder electrodes suppressed dendritic formations more effectively than regular Li powder electrodes.

Previous studies of disaster or crisis has paid little attention to resilience, instead focusing on physical devastation and recovery. This study seeks to explain the variations in post-disaster recovery by focusing on the role of social and political resilience. We argue that communities respond differently to similar disturbances because of variations in political resilience, defined by the amount of disturbance the political system can absorb without changing regime. In this paper, we give full meaning to the notion of political resilience, then suggest indicators that can be employed to "measure" it. We suggest three cluster variables of governance, international cooperation, and social capital to measure political resilience.