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Erratic weather, such as intense heat followed by heavy rain, is causing air pollution in the sky of Jakarta. According to the SNI 03-6389-2011, which deals with energy conservation in building envelopes, the overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) for walls should not exceed 35 W/m2. This study aims to analyze OTTV in Class T and Class S. Class S uses clear glass, while Class T has a shading device in the form of a sunglass sticker. The method used involves calculating the total outer wall area, glass area, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), solar factor value, and then obtaining the OTTV. The results of the study show that the WWR value for Class T was 0.5, while for Class S it was 0.4. The OTTV value in Class T is 58.74 W/m2, whereas the OTTV in Class S is 70.64 W/m2. Despite both classrooms not meeting the SNI requirements, the classrooms using shading devices have OTTV values closer to the SNI standard.

A scientifically educated culture is the ultimate goal of science education worldwide, and one of the key elements in acquiring scientific literacy is comprehending the nature of science (NOS). This study aimed to enhance the views of Junior High School students of nature of science (NOS) in Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Topic using the STEM engineering design process. The method applied in this research is quasi-experiment. The sampling technique used was convenience sampling, which was taken from grade 9 in one of the junior high schools in Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia, with the age range 14-15 years old. The sample consisted of 38 students in total, consisting of the experimental class (n=19 students) and control class (n=19 students). The experimental class is taught using the STEM engineering design process, while the control class is conducted using conventional learning. The result of this research was that the N-gain students’ Nature of Science of experiment class shows the number of 0.4051, which is categorized as moderate improvement, whereas the control class shows the number of 0.0151, which is categorized as low improvement. The hypothesis test using an independent sample t-test for Nature of science shows that there is a difference between the experimental class and control class, where the experimental class gain higher achievement. Based on this research, the STEM engineering design process could be considered to an alternative to improve students’ nature of science.

The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been profound, affecting economies and societal structures worldwide. Indonesia, with a high caseload, has encountered significant challenges across various sectors. Virus transmission primarily occurs through physical contact, and the surge in active cases has strained hospital capacities, leading to the hospitalization of only severe cases. The remaining patients receive home telecare, but some experience sudden health deterioration with fatal consequences. To address this issue, this study proposes a remote outpatient care system utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology and medical electronics. This integrated system aims to provide an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research includes a comparative analysis of three machine-learning algorithms: decision tree, gradient tree boosting, and random forest for the classification of COVID-19 patients. The results reveal that the random forest algorithm outperforms the others with an accuracy rate of 70%, as compared to 67% for the decision tree and 62% for the gradient tree boosting algorithm. This integrated system not only addresses immediate healthcare delivery challenges but also offers data-driven insights for patient classification, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and reach of medical interventions

In the contemporary era of globalization, maintaining public order depends on strong security measures. Addressing security challenges, particularly in hostage release scenarios, requires rapid and appropriate responses, highlighting the need for efficient personnel deployment. This research proposes an advanced solution using a GPS Tracking System which uses a sequential method by utilizing digital photos from GPS satellites to monitor the movement of individuals and objects. Specifically applied to the Sandra rescue mission, our research uses the NodeMCU ESP8266 component, which integrates GPS and Wi-Fi functions while considering wind direction. Tests performed demonstrated an impressive success rate of 98.6%, demonstrating the effectiveness of our real-time personnel positioning approach.

Hasil alam ular mistis adalah salah satu produk pedesaan yang dihasilkan di Banyuwangi. Meskipun tidak ada bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa Banyuwangi adalah hasil alam binatang mitos terbesar yang dibudidayakan di Indonesia, produk ular mistis tetap menjadi salah satu produk andalan di daerah tersebut. Prosedur pencahayaan sering digunakan untuk menanam buah naga pada malam hari. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mempercepat pengumpulan produk alami ular kecipir sehingga bisa dipasarkan dengan lebih cepat. Saat ini, listrik dari PLN digunakan sebagai sumber penerangan. Namun, masih ada taman mistis ular di mana kekuatan zloty murni belum tercapai. Oleh karena itu, perlu dicari pilihan alternatif lain yang ramah lingkungan dan dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi di taman tersebut. Salah satu pilihan yang dapat dipertimbangkan adalah kerangka energi berbasis matahari. Meskipun implementasinya akan tergantung pada faktor-faktor seperti kondisi lingkungan, biaya, dan infrastruktur yang tersedia, energi matahari dapat menjadi alternatif yang baik dan berkelanjutan untuk penerangan taman mistis ular. Pada penelitian ini dirancang dan diuji coba alat penerangan budidaya buah naga dengan metode PLTS Off-Grid. Perancangan sistem PV dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak PVWatts. Sistem dirancang dengan panel surya daya 80 Wp dan beban ringan 27 watt. Diperlukan baterai berkapasitas 60 Ah untuk menyuplai beban selama 10 jam. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa dibutuhkan waktu ± 6 jam untuk mengisi baterai dalam kondisi normal. Dalam cuaca mendung atau hujan, tahan ± 7 jam dengan output DC rata-rata 40 watt. Baterai tersebut mampu mensuplai beban pada malam hari selama ±10 jam dengan tegangan rata-rata 12,18 V. Efisiensi PLTS ini adalah 86%.

The availability of electrical energy is an important issue. Along with the growth of the human population, electrical energy also increases. This study addresses problems in the operation of the electric power system. One of the problems that occur is the power imbalance due to scale growth between demand and generation. Alternative countermeasures that can be done are to prepare for the possibility that will occur in the future or what we are familiar with forecasting. Forecasting using the multiple linear regression method with this research variable assumes the household sector, business, industry, and public sectors, and is considered by the influence of population, gross regional domestic product, and District Minimum Wage. In forecasting, it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). MAPE evaluation results show a value of 0.142 % in the household sector, 0.085 % in the business sector, 1.983 % in the industrial sector, and 0.131 % in the total customer sector.

The research about the utilization of modified gas-liquid separators in the determination of Hg ions by using the Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (CV-AAS) method has been done. To optimize the measurement results, several parameters that affect the hydride generator have been studied. Some specified essential parameters are the type and concentration of acid, the level of SnCl2 as a reducing agent, sample volume and the analytical performance such as linearity (r), detection limit (LOD) and quantitation limit (LOQ), repeatability (% RSD), and accuracy have been studied. The results of the research showed the gas-liquid separator modified can be used instead of commercial gas- liquid separators. It was showed by the repeatability value as % RSD < 2/3 CV Horwitz values, the LOD was 0.2530 μg/mL, and the LOQ was 0.8432 μg/mL. The accuracy of this method was good shown by a recovery percentage of 101.6%. Based on the result of this research, the modified of gas-liquid separator can be used for the determination of Hg ions by using the CV-AAS method with valid results

The market for renewable energy is expanding quickly to support power production, where solar energy is widely used and developed in applied technologies significantly. When assessing solar energy potential, one must consider natural energy resources based on the wind speed. As a result, the systems covered by this work feature two monitoring modes: on-site monitoring using a monitoring module and smartphone applications applied to the method, which can download data for Android smartphones or desktop computers. Technically, data monitoring is uploaded to a cloud database regularly through data updates for monitoring devices automatically that obtain and present the most recent information. Research indicates that solar radiation directly impacts electrical voltage, as it is precisely proportionate to the intensity of sunshine. In testing conducted from 07.00 to 17.00 WIB, the lowest solar panel output voltage of 20.4 V with a current of 0.2 A was obtained. The most outstanding result is at 12.00 WIB with a point of 23.59 V and 0.7 A. The study also demonstrates how the surrounding temperature influences the amount of electrical energy generated.

Transport of estuarine sediment have a highly complex method, which is the combined effects result of periodically reciprocating flow, ocean waves, and the electrochemical characteristic of sea water [1]. Settling velocity (SV) is such a parameter fundamental for sediment researchers so that its accurate resolution has been regarded as a top priority in correcting modelling numerical and conceptual understanding of fine sediment dynamics [2] [3]. The goal of this study is to analyze the effect of salinity levels on the settling velocity of fine sediment grains in the Ciliwung estuary, Jakarta. The method used is direct measurement using the hydrometer analysis method. The result of experiment shows salinity levels affect the settling velocity of fine sediment grains in the Ciliwung estuary. The higher salinity, more faster the settling velocity of fine sediment grains. The average settling velocity at distilled water salinity 0 ppt is 1.083 mm/minute, sea water with salinity 0.3 ppt is 1.537 mm/minute, and sea water with salinity of 0.6 ppt of 1.561 mm/minute.

Gold is a multifunctional precious metal. Apart from being jewelry, gold is a form of investment. For this reason, the public or investors need to know the estimated daily gold price for transactions for the public or investors who want to invest or also want to sell their gold, so they do not lose. This is the aim of this study. Many forecasting methods can be used to predict the daily gold price, but this study uses the ARIMA-GARCH hybrid model because this model can predict econometric models such as the daily gold price which usually contains high volatility. Daily gold price data was secondary data obtained from the investing.com website. The data was for the period March 12, 2016, to December 31, 2020. The results of this study are obtained for the ARIMA (1,1,1) -GARCH (2,1) hybrid model with a root mean square error (RMSE) forecasting accuracy value is 2.375454, the mean absolute error (MAE) is 1.702908, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 0.001168113. From the results of this study, long-term investment is very profitable because there is an upward trend from the model obtained. For short-term investments, the public or investors have to update the research result model because the current gold price is influenced by the gold price only one period ago, so that when trading does not lose.

Kenaikan harga bahan bakar minyak (BBM) oleh pemerintah sangat ramai sekali di respon masyarakat. Crude oil merupakan bahan baku BBM. Harga crude oil tergantung pasar dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meramalkan harga crude oil bulanan secara cepat dan akurat dengan menggunakan model yang mudah dan dengan software yang mudah didapat. Penelitian ini memakai model double exponensial smoothing dari Holts (DES-H). Data sekunder diperoleh dari “Spot Crude Oil Price: West Texas Intermediate (WTISPLC)”. Hasil penelitian ini dengan model DES-H mendapatkan parameter alpha sebesar 0,9999 dan parameter beta sebesar 1e-04. Nilai akurasi peramalan yaitu RMSE sebesar 5.813075 dan MAPE sebesar 7.451311 % (sangat bagus). Penambahan data terbaru sangat penting untuk update model dan digunakan untuk peramalan jangka pendek.

As a maritime country with a large area, besides the need to defend itself with the military, it also needs to protect itself with aerospace technology that can be controlled automatically. This research aims to develop an air defense system that can control guided missiles automatically with high accuracy. The right method can provide a high level of accuracy in controlling missiles to the targeted object. With the backpropagation neural network method for optimal control output feedback, it can process information data from the radar to control missile’s movement with a high degree of accuracy. The controller uses optimal control output feedback, which is equipped with a lock system and utilizes an accelerometer that can detect the slope of the missile and a gyroscope that can detect the slope between the target direction of the missile to follow the target, control the position, and direction of the missile. The target speed of movement can be easily identified and followed by the missile through the lock system. Sampling data comes from signals generated by radars located in defense areas and from missiles. Each part’s data processing speed is calculated using a fast algorithm that is reliable and has a level of accuracy and fast processing. Data processing impacts on the accuracy of missile movements on any change in the position and motion of targets and target speed. Improved maneuvering accuracy in the first training system can detect 1000 files with a load of 273, while in the last training, the system can detect 1000 files without a load period. So the missile can be guided to hit the target without obstacles when maneuvering.

Gold is a precious metal that functions as a gem and also an investment. Gold investment is the reason for many people because it is practical, not easily damaged, easy cashed, not taxable, and other purposes. Based on this, many people choose gold as an investment. The problem for people who will invest in gold is related to uncertain gold price predictions so that the accuracy of forecasting methods are needed. The purpose of this paper is to forecast accurately daily gold prices using the Neural Network Autoregressive (NNAR) method. Training Data to find out the value of accuracy in the NNAR method uses secondary data obtained from Yahoo Finance in the form of daily gold prices. Test results on the NNAR method produce a better and more accurate level using the NNAR (25,13) model with a MAPE value of 0.370707, a MASE of 0.5851083, and an RMSE of 6.939331. The conclusion of the results of this paper is the daily price of gold is influenced by the daily price of gold a day ago to 24 periods ago with the NNAR (25,13) model.

This study was intended to test the differences between the students who were given comprehensive modeling and those who are not given comprehensive modeling concerning with their achievement of Scientific Journal Writing in English Educational Department of IAIN Surakarta. The sample consists of 34 students randomly selected from the population. Data were collected by administering the writing test and analyzed by correlated sample t-test. The result revealed that there was a significant difference between students who were given comprehensive modeling and those who were not given comprehensive modeling in their achievement of Scientific Journal Writing in English Educational Department of IAIN Surakarta. It was derived that p=.000 >.005. So, the alternate hypothesis stating that the EFL students who were given comprehensive modeling have higher achievement in Scientific Journal Writing than those given conventional method was accepted. It means that the comprehensive modeling is an effective way to develop students' achievement in Scientific Journal Writing in English Educational Department of IAIN Surakarta.

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) deals with long term analysis of fundamental causes and consequences of issues. This paper is an attempt to explain how a single issue, that is the US presidential election, is correlated by the existence of jihadist militant and manipulated using political ideology. This study also examines the persuasive strategies of Donald Trump to win the US 2016 Election. In this study, van Dijk’s (2004) frameworks of Politics, Ideology, and Discourse is used to detect discursive structure within the transcript of Donald Trump’s speech and analyze the manner in which language can be a tool at the hands of speakers to persuade and create agreement toward the hearer. The macro strategy of positive self-representation and negative other representation, plus the other 25 more subtle strategies has become one significant way in the creation and neutralization of ideology and personal opinion. The application of this dichotomous categorization in CDA of Donald Trump’s strategy toward his addressee to win the US election has asserted the fact that ideological manipulations are used, expressed, enacted and implanted through discursive structures to persuade the audiences. The findings of this study can be conducive to expand students’ critical thinking abilities in comprehension and production of language and also in revitalizing the neglected construct of language proficiency.

This purpose of this study is to improve media of Socratic dialogue that has been developed by the previous researcher and to determine the effect of the Socratic dialogue in enhance understanding of heat concept. As a result of prior research, showed students still have a misconception. Data collected from one institution of high school in Malang City using pre and posttest. Student’s conceptual changes that occur previous, during, after will be analyzed based on pretest and posttest scores and rethinking sequence of used record Socratic dialogue media. To explore more in-depth, the researcher conducted interviews with students on this concept. This result showed Socratic dialogue media could help students be aware mistakes or students become convinced if their opinion is correct. This study is important because it uses to improve student’s comprehension to move from the false toward the right concept. In some cases, the result of this study used for recovery and prevent to misconception. It can solve with appear cognitive conflict in the minds of students through Socratic dialogue.

Dalam makalah ini dibahas sintesis dan sifat mekanik bahan komposit ramah lingkungan berhasil disintesis dari resin asam poli laktat (PLA) dengan penguat serat bambu. Sintesis bahan komposit dilakukan dengan menggunakan tehnik pengepresan campuran antara serat bambu (panjang 10,0 mm, 20,0 mm, 30,0 cm, 40,0 cm, dan 100,0 cm) dan resin PLA, pada temperatur 125OC dan tekanan 140 MPa. Sifat mekanik, kekuatan tarik dan modulus Young, bahan komposit hasil sintesis ditentukan melalui uji tarik dengan menggunakan mesin uji Instron Universal Model 5567 dan kecepatan tarikan 1,0 mm/menit. Adapun dimensi bahan komposit ramah lingkungan untuk keperluan uji tarik ini adalah panjang 100,0 mm, lebar 10,0 mm, dan tebal 2,0 mm. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan tarik dan modulus Young bahan komposit ramah lingkungan hasil sintesis dipengaruhi oleh panjang serat. Bahan komposit ramah lingkungan hasil sintesis dengan penguat serat bambu panjang 100,0 mm memiliki kekuatan tarik paling besar.

This study delves into the transformations within the Islamic Boarding School (Pesantren) education system over time and their implications for the learning methods employed by students. Guided by a case study research design with a descriptive qualitative approach, this research focuses on two of the oldest Islamic boarding schools: Tegalsari Ponorogo Islamic Boarding School and Jamsaren Solo Islamic Boarding School. Key participants, comprising leaders and administrators well-versed in the history and evolution of pesantren education and learning systems since their inception, serve as the primary data sources. The findings are structured into three parts. The initial segment unveils that Tegalsari Ponorogo pesantren originally functioned as a center for non-formal education, characteristic of Salafi pesantren. As time progressed, the establishment of Modern Darussalam pesantren introduced contemporary formal education with regular and intensive programs, marking a departure from traditional non-formal education associated with Salafi pesantren. In the second part, the study highlights the evolution of Jamsaren Solo pesantren education, which transitioned from classical education methods to a modern formal education approach employing a classroom system. The third part elucidates that the transformation in pesantren education has contributed to a reduction in the learning gap. Students now acquire not only religious knowledge but also a range of general disciplines, leading to notable achievements. In summary, the educational transformation has impacted the learning system, facilitating the acquisition of knowledge and skills relevant to contemporary times. The study underscores the need for collaboration between the government and pesantren leaders to fortify the pesantren education system. This collaboration aims to cultivate Indonesian pesantren capable of producing young professionals who contribute significantly to the nation, religion, and state.

This study presents teaching process in applied linguistics course using Collaborative Problem-Based Learning (CPBL). The objectives are to see how CPBL increases: (1) students’ active involvement in classroom activities, (2) lecturer-students and students-students communicative interaction, (3) students’ creativity in finishing projects, (4) students’ cognitive comprehension, and (5) level of students’ satisfaction/ positive response to the implementation of CPBL. This study used a two cycle Classroom Action Research using descriptive approach. The subjects were 3 classes with 30 students each Applied Linguistic Course of English Department of IAIN Surakarta. This study revealed that students’ motivation, communicative interaction, students’ creativity in finishing projects, cognitive comprehension and students’ satisfaction/ positive response to the implementation of problem based learning in Applied Linguistics course attained significant improvement.

This study reports pattern of rhetoric in argumentative essay of academic writing accros three achievement categories: fast learner, medium learner, and slow learner. Descriptive correlation between the pattern of the rhetoric and overall quality of academic writing was also identified. This research was descriptive study using content analysis approach. The research subjects were 3 classes of semester VII EFL student out of 9 classes selected in purposive sampling. Pattern of rhetoric in students work was analyzed in seven categories: thesis statement, reservation, background information, rational appeal, affective appeal, conclusion, and hesitation. ESL composition profile by Jacobs was employed to measure students’ academic argumentative essay. The finding showed that rhetoric pattern categories in three different writing achievers was failed to use. However, strong connectivity between pattern of the seven rhetoric categories and overall quality of academic writing across level of achievement was significantly linked.

This study describes intrinsic analysis of Drama text written by Sophocles, focusing on general and social aspects of analysis. Content analysis was used in this study to examine the text of the drama. The study concluded that the Legend of Thebes represented in Oidious the King inherently reflected valuable linguistic and social values. Written by a wellknown author, Sophocles, Oidious the King presented setting sensitive aspects of natural characters of human beings. Social values that involved democratic, religious, loyality, living harmoniously in the community were well described in this drama.

An improved symbolic analysis procedure to enhance the analytic efficiency of the reported symbolic nodal analysis is presented. Two techniques are adopted in the proposed method to reduce the order of the system of equations when performing symbolic analysis. The first one uses voltage signal sources directly to perform symbolic analysis without replacing them with their nullor equivalences. The second one uses the nullor, grounded mirror, and floating mirror elements to model the active devices that involve differential or multiple single-ended signals. Practical examples are given which demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods.

One of the most concerns associated with many commercially available composites is that they used of non-degradable resins and fibers that primarily made using non-degradable, petroleum-based chemicals as feed stock. These conditions will create a serious problem in term of waste disposal after end of their life. Unlike petroleum, plant based protein and starches are yearly renewable. These resins are increasingly developed for various applications as replacements for non-degradable petroleum based resins. In addition, these resins may be easily composted after their life. In this study, Soybean Pulp Hemi-cellulose (SPH) was modified by cross-linking it with glutaraldehyde (GA). The modified SPH resins were characterized for its surface morphology, tensile and mass losses or biodegradability properties. The effect of GA on the surface morphology, tensile and biodegradability of the SPH resins were discussed. The SPH resins showed improved surface morphology and ductility. However, the increasing the GA content reduces the Young’s modulus of the SPH resins. The SPH resins exhibited fracture stress point and Young’s modulus maximum of and 3.02 MN/m2, respectively, and biodegradability of 40.42% after 30 days placed on the open air. These properties seem to be sufficient for developing green composites from the SPH resins reinforced with natural fiber for indoor structural applications

Series of ceramics from recycle waste glass and mica powder have successfully been made and their physical properties of these glasses which include density, bulk modulus, volume expansion and compressive strength have been determined. Comparison of their physical specification to the conventional insulators has also been made. The results show that these ceramics exhibit reasonable mechanical, thermal and physical properties to be a potential thermal insulator.

This research was conducted to find the interactive influence between the teaching approach of writing and the type of cognitive style of students to the improvement of students writing ability. There are three teaching approaches applied in this research: product oriented, process oriented and multidimensional approach. Student cognitive style as a moderator variable is divided into three types: Field Independence (FI), Neutral (N) and Field Dependent (FD) cognitive style. The study yielded three findings. First, students who have FI cognitive style experience improved writing skills when they are given product-oriented writing teaching. Students who have N cognitive style have an increased ability to write higher if they are given multidimensional-oriented writing teaching. Students who have FD cognitive style have high writing skills if they are given process oriented writing teaching. In general, the study recommends the writing teachers use multidimensional-oriented teaching. Researchers also recommend to TEFL practitioners to consider students' cognitive style as one of the learning condition variables. These considerations should be used as a basis for determining teaching methods that are appropriate to the needs of students to produce student optimum achievement.

This study examines the effects of applying two different forms of analogy, namely written and oral analogy, while also considering learners' cognitive styles, on students learning outcomes for a research course in English as a Foreign Language. The cognitive style was used in this study as a moderator variable. This study used an experimental design with a 2x3 factorial design. Two classes of slower learners each comprised 30 students, who were assigned into three smaller groups according to their cognitive styles (i.e. field-independent, neutral, and field-dependent cognitive styles). The six groups were delivered teaching over four meetings. ANOVA was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses. The results show that subjects given oral analogy achieved better learning outcomes than those who received written analogy. In addition, subjects with the field-independent cognitive style exhibited greater learning achievement that those with the neutral and field-dependent cognitive styles. There was no significant interaction between the different analogy types and subjects' cognitive styles in the results of the research course.