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Kun Zhang, Wen Zhang, Fangzhen Xia, Ningjian Wang, Yingli Lu, Chunhua Sui, Bin Wang Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Bin Wang; Chunhua Sui, Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-23271699 ; +86-21-53315139, Email binwang1126@163.com; chunhsui@icloud.comObjective: Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. However, the impact of obesity, with or without a metabolically healthy condition, on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the associations of obesity patterns and metabolic abnormalities with the prevalence of DKD.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 4079 patients with type 2 diabetes from eleven communities in Shanghai, China. General obesity was assessed by body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity assessed by waist-to-hip ratio. Metabolic abnormalities were determined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. DKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or urinary albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g. Poisson regression model with inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs.Results: Higher BMI and WHR were each associated with a greater prevalence of DKD after mutual adjustment. When considered jointly, patients with both general obesity and abdominal obesity had the highest odds of DKD (PR 1.51, 95% CI 1.29– 1.76). The associations of BMI and WHR with prevalent DKD were mainly observed in patients with use of antidiabetic drugs but not in those without drug use. Compared with normal-weight patients with 0– 1 metabolic abnormality, patients who were overweight or obese with 0– 1 metabolic abnormality showed increased odds of DKD. The PRs (95% CI) of DKD for patients with both overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity who had 0– 1, 2, and 3 metabolic abnormalities were 1.59 (1.20– 2.10), 1.68 (1.29– 2.18), and 2.16 (1.67– 2.78), respectively, relative to those with normal BMI and no abdominal obesity who had 0– 1 metabolic abnormality.Conclusion: BMI and WHR were positively associated with DKD prevalence. Obesity composite and metabolic abnormalities had an additive effect on the odds of DKD. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the role of obesity and metabolic abnormalities in the development of DKD.Keywords: abdominal obesity, general obesity, diabetic kidney disease, metabolic abnormality

Dong Zhang,1 Yan Qu,2 Changlin Sui,2 Meiling Li,1 Yanmei Yuan,1 Ningning Wang,1 Weiyuan Ma1 1Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Weiyuan Ma, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Email fymaweiyuan@wfmc.edu.cnBackground: Condyloma cuminata (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is prone to recurrence and difficult to cure in the short term. CD207 is a C-type lectin receptor that is specifically expressed on the surface of Langerhans cells (LCs) and is considered as an LC-specific immunohistochemical marker. The main purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between the expression of CD207 in CA skin lesions and the duration of CA disease course and frequency of recurrence, in order to provide new prognostic markers for CA to clinicians.Materials and Methods: A total of 40 male patients with CA and their skin lesions were collected, as well as 40 healthy male penile tissue samples. The skin lesions of CA were clinically and histologically confirmed by acetic acid test. The expression of CD207 in epidermal tissues was detected using immunohistochemistry. The difference in the number of CD207 positive cells between CA skin lesions and healthy skin controls was compared, and the association between the number of CD207 positive cells in CA skin lesions and the duration of disease course and the frequency of recurrence was determined through Spearman correlation analysis.Conclusion: In CA skin lesions, CD207 positive cells were found to have morphological abnormalities and the number of cells was significantly reduced compared to healthy skin, suggesting that there may be antigen presentation dysfunction in CA skin lesions, which may be the reason for the prolonged and unresolved condition of the disease. The fewer CD207 positive cells in CA skin lesions, the longer the disease course and the more frequent the recurrence, therefore, the expression level of CD207 can be used as a new prognostic marker for predicting the outcome of CA.Keywords: condyloma acuminata, CD207, langerhans cells, prognosis, biomarker

Weiyuan Ma,1 Ruyu Zhan,2 Changlin Sui,3 Fushan Zhou,2 Haidong Liu,4 Xiuwen Zhang,5 Zhenqiang Ruan,6 Yukun Wang,7 Xiaolan Cai8 1Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Scientific Research Center, Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Dermatology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Dermatology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Dermatology, Jinan Dermatosis Prevention and Control Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Weiyuan Ma, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People’s Republic of China, Email fymaweiyuan@wfmc.edu.cnPurpose: The clinical and pathological data of patients with rhinofacial ulcers were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed to lay the foundation for standardized clinical treatment.Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, etiology, pathological features, treatment methods, and prognosis of 243 patients with rhinofacial ulcers treated in the Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Dermatology at six hospitals in Shandong Province, China from July 2014 to October 2021. The clinical characteristics and treatment methods of the rhinofacial ulcers were summarized to provide a basis for standardizing patients’ diagnosis and treatment.Results: The male-to-female ratio of the 243 patients was 2.04:1, and their ages ranged from 25 to 91 years. The most common sites were the cheek, nasal dorsum, and upper lip. The common primary diseases were basal-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma, and odontogenic fistula, but rare triggers played important roles in some cases, such as infection, autoimmune diseases, and adverse drug reactions. Surgical treatment was feasible for tumor ulcers; 71 patients with basal-cell carcinoma and 50 with squamous-cell carcinoma were treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. During the follow-up period of 1– 84 months, most of the rhinofacial ulcers were cured, while natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, angiosarcoma, and melanoma were important causes of death.Conclusion: Various causes may lead to rhinofacial skin ulcers, and some cases lacking specificity of clinical manifestations are easily misdiagnosed in clinical practice. Histopathological biopsy is valuable for confirming the diagnosis, after which correct etiological treatment is very important.Keywords: skin, diagnosis, treatment, otorhinolaryngology, dermatology

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a unifying call for change - guiding global actions at multiple levels of governance for a better planet and better lives. Consequently, achieving the “future we want” may be hindered by overlooking valuable natural resources and services that are not explicitly included in the SDGs. Not recognizing the direct, intrinsic value of some natural resources may threaten the sustainability of the services they provide and their contributions to the SDGs. Here, we use inland aquatic ecosystems, and the fish and fisheries therein, as an example to explore opportunities for recognition and inclusion of other natural resources that are missing from the SDGs. Key resources absent from the SDGs are less likely to be incorporated in global, national, and regional objectives, dialogues, and policies. We outline multiple potential pathways for better inclusion and capitalization of contributions from these overlooked natural resources during the operationalization of the SDGs and other global instruments.

Xin Tian,1 Ying Dai,1 Da-qing Wang,2 Li Zhang,1 Cheng-guang Sui,1 Fan-dong Meng,1 Shen-yi Jiang,1 Yun-peng Liu,1 You-hong Jiang1 1Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 2Health and Family Planning Commission of Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China Background: A number of cohort studies have compared the outcomes of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic resection (HR) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effect of TACE versus HR remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of TACE and HR in HCC treatment.Materials and methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane library were searched from their inception until February 27, 2015 for relevant studies. The literature search was updated on May 25, 2015. Eligible studies were cohort studies comparing the survival outcomes between HCC patients undergoing TACE and HR. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes were the recurrence rate and prognostic factors for OS. The risk ratio (RR) was used for the meta-analysis and was expressed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: This meta-analysis included eleven cohort studies with 6,297 patients, all treated with TACE or HR. Pooled estimates showed that, compared with TACE, HR significantly improved the 3-year OS (RR =0.77; 95% CI, 0.63–0.93; P=0.009). TACE and HR had similar effects on OS after 1 year (RR =0.94; 95% CI, 0.86–1.01; P=0.103), 2 years (RR =0.50; 95% CI, 0.21–1.19; P=0.114), 4 years (RR =0.61; 95% CI, 0.58–1.10; P=0.174), and 5 years (RR =0.77; 95% CI, 0.59–1.01; P=0.06). There was no significant difference between the 3-year (RR =1.31; 95% CI, 0.65–2.64; P=0.457) and 5-year recurrence rates (RR =1.14; 95% CI, 0.69–1.89; P=0.597) in the TACE and HR groups. Age (>65 vs ≤65 years; hazard ratio =0.99; 95% CI, 0.98–1.00; P=0.000), sex (male vs female; hazard ratio =0.79; 95% CI, 0.65–0.96; P=0.02), treatment method (TACE vs HR; hazard ratio =1.90; 95% CI, 1.46–2.46; P=0.000), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score (≥1 vs 0; hazard ratio =1.69; 95% CI, 1.22–2.33; P=0.002) were independent predictors for OS.Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that the TACE and HR likely have similar effects in the treatment of HCC patients in terms of OS and recurrence rate. However, this conclusion should be interpreted cautiously due to the presence of further subgroup analyses with respect to outcomes in patients with different liver statuses (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A or stage B). Keywords: transarterial chemoembolization, hepatic resection, hepatocellular carcinoma, meta-analysis

Graphite dual-ion batteries (GDIBs) have gained attention in recent years due to their low cost and low environmental impact. The understanding of the anion storage behaviour which possesses a coupling mechanism of intercalation and capacitive processes remains unclear. Differentiating the nature of charge storage that are capacitive, pseudocapacitive, or battery-like behaviour of electrode materials is essential in structural design for optimized energy storage. Although conventional voltammetric analysis is a reliable approach to determine the capacitive contribution of charge-storing materials by measuring the current response against varying scan rates, it is usually time-consuming and requires a large number of complicated steps for analysis. In this study, a three dimensional (3D) Bode analysis is adopted as a complementary technique to characterize the capacitive contribution and oxidation kinetics of the fundamental anion storage processes. The anion storage mechanism of graphite electrodes in electrolytes containing anions with different ionic radius including PF 6 - , TFSI - , AlCl 4 - was investigated using AC impedance technique. Real capacitance C’ versus frequency and the applied direct-current (DC) cell voltage are used as key descriptors to reveal the effect on the ionic sizes on the charge storage behaviour. 3D Bode plot of graphite electrode shows high C’ at multiple voltages, indicating the staging mechanism which is consistent with the results obtained from cyclic voltammetric (CV) analyses. The proposed method in this work presents a facile characterization technique for anion storage processes compared to the complex in-situ microscopic and spectroscopic approaches.

Abstract Lung cancer, a global mortality leader, often necessitates Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic (VATS) surgery. However, post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common, highlighting a need for effective management and prevention strategies in this context. A retrospective case–control study at Fujian Medical University Union Hospital evaluated patients undergoing VATS radical resection of lung cancer between May and September 2022. Patients were categorized based on PONV prevention methods, and data encompassing demographics, surgical history, and postoperative adverse events s were analyzed to assess the association between prophylactic protocols and PONV incidence. The Netupitant and Palonosetron Hydrochloride (NEPA) group showed a significant reduction in PONV occurrences post-surgery compared to Ondansetron (ONDA) and Control groups, emphasizing NEPA’s efficacy in alleviating PONV symptoms (P

Abstract Supercooling of water complicates phase change dynamics, the understanding of which remains limited yet vital to energy-related and aerospace processes. Here, we investigate the freezing and jumping dynamics of supercooled water droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces, induced by a remarkable vaporization momentum, in a low-pressure environment. The vaporization momentum arises from the vaporization at droplet’s free surface, progressed and intensified by recalescence, subsequently inducing droplet compression and finally self-jumping. By incorporating liquid-gas-solid phase changes involving vaporization, freezing recalescence, and liquid-solid interactions, we resolve the vaporization momentum and droplet dynamics, revealing a size-scaled jumping velocity and a nucleation-governed jumping direction. A droplet-size-defined regime map is established, distinguishing the vaporization-momentum-dominated self-jumping from evaporative drying and overpressure-initiated levitation, all induced by depressurization and vaporization. Our findings illuminate the role of supercooling and low-pressure mediated phase change in shaping fluid transport dynamics, with implications for passive anti-icing, advanced cooling, and climate physics.

Interactions between deep tropical clouds over the western Pacific warm pool and the larger-scale environment are key to understanding climate change. Cloud models are an extremely useful tool in simulating and providing statistical information on heat and moisture transfer processes between cloud systems and the environment, and can therefore be utilized to substantially improve cloud parameterizations in climate models. In this paper, the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) cloud-resolving model is used in multiday simulations of deep tropical convective activity over the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). Large-scale temperature and moisture advective tendencies, and horizontal momentum from the TOGA COARE Intensive Flux Array region, are applied to the GCE version that incorporates cyclical boundary conditions. Sensitivity experiments show that the horizontal extent (size) of the domain produces the largest response to domain-mean temperature and moisture deviations, as well as cloudiness, in comparison with grid horizontal or vertical resolution, and advection scheme. It is found that a domain size of at least 512 km is needed to adequately contain the convective cloud features and to replicate both the eastward and westward movements of the observed precipitating systems. The control experiment shows that the atmospheric heating and moistening is primarily a response to cloud latent processes of condensation/evaporation, and deposition/ sublimation. Air--sea exchange of heat and moisture is found to be of secondary importance, while the net radiational heating-cooling is small except above cloud tops. A convective-stratiform breakdown of the precipitating systems shows that while 55% of the total rainfall occurs in convective regions, 90% of the total rainfall coverage occurs in stratiform regions. The simulated rainfall and atmospheric heating and moistening rates agree very well with observations, and the results compare favorably to other models simulating this case.

The phase relation between the perturbation kinetic energy (K') associated with the tropical convection and the horizontal-mean moist available potential energy ([bar]P) associated with environmental conditions is investigated by an energetics analysis of a numerical experiment. This experiment is performed using a 2D cloud resolving model forced by the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) derived vertical velocity. The imposed upward motion leads to a decrease of [bar]P through the associated vertical advective cooling, and to an increase of K' through cloud-related processes, feeding the convection. The maximum K' and its maximum growth rate lags and leads, respectively, the maximum imposed large-scale upward motion by about 1-2 h, indicating that convection is phase locked with large-scale forcing. The dominant life cycle of the simulated convection is about 9 h, whereas the timescales of the imposed large-scale forcing are longer than the diurnal cycle. In the convective events, the maximum growth of K' leads the maximum decay of the perturbation moist available potential energy (P') by about 3 h through vertical heat transport by perturbation circulation, and perturbation cloud heating. The maximum decay of P' leads the maximum decay of [bar]P by about 1 h through the perturbation radiative processes, the horizontal-mean cloud heating, and the large-scale vertical advective cooling. Therefore, maximum gain of K' occurs about 4-5 h before maximum decay of [bar]P.