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Objectives: To understand the current status of intellectually disabled children and the prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) in children aged 0-6 years and its risk factors, and to provide scientific evidence to formulate relevant policies for helping intellectually disabled children. Methods: Multiphase, stratified, unequal proportional and cluster sampling was adopted to investigate 60-124 children aged 0-6 years. All the children investigated were screened for ID using the Denver Developmental Screening Test, and those with positive screening test would be further diagnosed by varied specialists using the Gesell Developmental Inventory. Results: In total, 560 of 60-124 children were diagnosed as intellectually disabled with an overall prevalence of 0.93%. Prevalence of ID was highest in children living in medium-developed areas with a prevalence of 1.20%, higher than in those living in developed areas (0.75%) and in underdeveloped areas (0.84%). It was higher in rural areas (1.03%) than in urban areas (0.83%), and higher in boys (1.01%) than in girls (0.84%). Prevalence of ID increased with the age of children and decreased with the educational level of their parents. Conclusions: The study suggested that ID is still prevalent in the children of China, and rehabilitation for them is lagging behind current needs. Early prevention of ID in children and pre-school education for them should be strengthened.

The Pd/ZrC-C and Pd/ZrO2-C catalysts with zirconium compounds ZrC or ZrO2 and carbon hybrids as novel supports for direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) have been synthesized by microwave-assisted polyol process. The Pd/ZrC-C and Pd/ZrO2-C catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical measurements. The physical characteristics present that the zirconium compounds ZrC and ZrO2 may promote the dispersion of Pd nanoparticles. The results of electrochemical tests show that the activity and stability of Pd/ZrC-C and Pd/ZrO2-C catalysts show higher than that of Pd/C catalyst for formic acid electrooxidation due to anti-corrosion property of zirconium compounds ZrC, ZrO2, and metal-support interaction between Pd nanoparticles and ZrC, ZrO2. The Pd/ZrC-C catalyst displays the best performance among the three catalysts. The peak current density of formic acid electrooxidation on Pd/ZrC-C electrode is nearly 1.63 times of that on Pd/C. The optimal mass ratio of ZrC to XC-72 carbon is 1:1 in Pd/ZrC-C catalyst with narrower particle size distribution and better dispersion on surface of the mixture support, which exhibits the best activity and stability for formic acid electrooxidation among all the samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To seek additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features to improve the accuracy of differentiation between atypical sinonasal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and inverted papilloma (IP) using conventional MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps., Materials and Methods: MRI examinations from 44 atypical cases (21 NHLs and 23 IPs) in sinonasal regions were reviewed retrospectively. Imaging features included tumour laterality, extension, T1-weighted imaging (WI)/T2WI signal intensity homogeneity and ratios, enhancement homogeneity and ratios, and ADC mean ., Results: In cases of NHL, homogeneous signal intensity was often observed on T2WI, which was homogeneous and significantly less enhanced than the turbinate, with lower ADC mean . Whereas in IPs, heterogeneous signal intensity was seen on T2WI, which was heterogeneous and of comparable enhancement to the turbinate, and higher ADC mean values were commonly seen. An ADC mean cut-off point of 1.10 × 10 -3 mm 2 /s achieved 100% sensitivity, 90% specificity, and 90% accuracy. In addition, special features were observed that support the distinction between the two tumours, including intestinal pattern enhancement in NHL and spot-like appearance on T2WI and enhancement in IP., Conclusions: ADC mean was the most valuable metric for differentiating between the atypical sinonasal NHLs and IPs., (Copyright © 2022 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A hemorrheologic investigation on 186 healthy native and immigrants at an altitude of 3,658 M above sea level revealed that hemorrheologic indexes are statistically higher in males than in females irrespective of natives or immigrants, except that hemoglobin in male immigrants is higher than in male natives. For females, all indexes in immigrants are higher than in natives. In addition, the difference between males and females may be related to the function of androgen in polycythemia due to oxygen shortage.