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Abstract Background Even with advances in primary health care, depressive disorders remain a major global public health problem. We conducted an in-depth analysis of global, regional and national trends in depressive disorders incidence over the past 30 years. Methods Data on the incidence of depressive disorders were obtained by sex (female, male, and both), location (204 countries), age (5–84 years), year (1990–2019) from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. Further, age-period-cohort modeling was used to estimate the net drift, local drift, age, period and cohort effects between 1990 and 2019. Results In 2019, although the incidence of depressive disorders has increased by 59.3% to 290 million (95% UI: 256, 328), the age-standardized incidence rate has decreased by 2.35% to 3588.25 per 100,000 people (3152.71, 4060.42) compared to 1990. There was an emerging transition of incidences from the young and middle-aged population to the old population. From 1990 to 2019, the net drift of incidence rate ranged from −0.54% (−0.61%, −0.47%) in low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions to 0.52% (0.25%, 0.79%) in high SDI regions. Globally, the incidence rate of depressive disorders increases with age, period effects showing a decreasing risk and cohort effects beginning to decline after the 1960s. Conclusions Our current findings reflect substantial health disparities and potential priority-setting of depressive disorders incidence in the three dimensions of age, period and cohort across SDI regions, countries. The scope of healthcare to improve the progression of depressive disorders events can be expanded to include males, females of all ages.

Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive movement impairments. Predominant symptoms encompass resting tremor, bradykinesia, limb rigidity, and postural instability. In addition, it also includes a series of non-motor symptoms such as sleep disorders, hyposmia, gastrointestinal dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Pathologically, the disease manifests through dopaminergic neuronal loss and the presence of Lewy bodies. At present, no significant breakthrough has been achieved in clinical Parkinson's disease treatment. Exploring treatment modalities necessitate the establishment of scientifically sound animal models. In recent years, researchers have focused on replicating the symptoms of human Parkinson's disease, resulting in the establishment of various experimental animal models primarily through drugs and transgenic methods to mimic relevant pathologies and identify more effective treatments. This review examines traditional neurotoxin and transgenic animal models as well as α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils models, non-human primate models and non-mammalian specie models. Additionally, it introduces emerging models, including models based on optogenetics, induced pluripotent stem cells, and gene editing, aiming to provide a reference for the utilization of experimental animal models and clinical research for researchers in this field.

Since the cognitive turn in metaphor studies in the late 1970s, metaphor has been seen as a cognitive phenomenon reflecting how we think, alongside its classic role as a powerful literary device. This ‘cognitive turn’ in metaphor studies makes it possible to investigate metaphor in two facets: the cognitive one and the linguistic one. In this tenet, the notion of metaphor features two intertwined parts: conceptual metaphors which resemble mental connections between different knowledge packets (e.g., LIFE IS A BOOK), and their linguistic manifestations known as metaphorical expressions or linguistic metaphors (e.g., They are starting a new chapter of their life). This opens a window for metaphor translation research, for it allows researchers to examine metaphor translation from the two complementary facets. Building on conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980, 2003) and conceptual blending theory (Fauconnier and Turner 2002), our case study discusses the translation of cognitive and linguistic metaphors identified in source and target texts. Metaphorical expressions were handpicked from seven popular cosmological articles published in Scientific American between 2017 and 2018, and their official Chinese translations published in Huanqiukexue (‘global science,’ Beijing) and Kexueren (‘science person,’ Taipei). The findings lend support to the joint application of two metaphor theories to descriptive translation studies, for it not only facilitates the analysis of translation examples but also enhances the feasibility of comparing metaphor translation research across languages pinned by metaphor parameters waiting to be explored.

Single‐atom catalysts with precise structure and extremely high catalytic efficiency remain a fervent focus in the fields of materials chemistry and catalytic science. Herein, a nickel‐substituted polyoxometalate (POM) {NiSb6O4(H2O)3[β‐Ni(hmta)SbW8O31]3}15− (NiPOM) with one extremely exposed nickel site [NiO3(H2O)3] was synthesized using the conventional aqueous method. The uniform dispersion of single nickel center with well‐defined structure was facilely achieved by anchoring nanosized NiPOM on graphene oxide (GO). The resulting NiPOM/GO can couple with CdS photoabsorber for the construction of low‐cost and ultra‐efficient hydrogen evolution system. The H2 yield can reach to 2753.27 mmol gPOM−1 h−1, which represents a record value among all the POM‐based photocatalytic systems. Remarkablely, an extremely high hydrogen yield of 3647.28 mmol gPOM−1 h−1 was achieved with simultaneous photooxidation of commercial waste plastic, representing the first POM‐based photocatalytic system for H2 evolution and waste plastic conversion. This work highlights a straightforward strategy for constructing extremely exposed single‐metal site with precise microenvironment by facilely manipulating nanosized molecular cluster to control individual atom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rice cooked by IH electromagnetic heating do not normally appear to be pinched and appear to be more uniform, while the rice heated by the electric heating element is easier to pinch and paste pot.Based on gas phase ion mobility spectrometry analysis of the volatile substances produced by IH electromagnetic heating of Japonica rice and Indica rice in pots with stainless steel, enamel, aluminum alloy and cast iron as inner tanks, the changes of flavor substances in the heated rice cooked with pots of different materials and utensils were investigated and the IH electromagnetic optimum is taken as a confirmed material.The results show that the material of the IH electromagnetic heating pot will affect the concentration of rice flavor substances, and the effects on different varieties of rice are distinctive. The concentration of caprylic aldehyde and 1-octene-3-one in the stainless-steel pot heated Japonica rice increases, and the concentration of 3-hydroxy-2-butanone in the rice cooked with the cast iron pot increases. The aluminum alloy pot and the cast iron pot bring up the concentration of the alcohols and ketones in cooked Indica rice. The concentration of similar substances increases too. Both Japonica rice and Indica rice heated with aluminum alloy pots show an increase in the concentration of butyl acetate, and furfural is produced while cooking rice in enamel pots.Through comparative analysis of all flavor substances and their concentrations of IH electromagnetic in heating rice, we conclude that rice cooked in cast iron pot have the best flavor, followed by that in stainless steel pot, while aluminum alloy pot brings down the rice flavor to below average level, and pasting pot is often observed in the enamel pot.

AIM: To explore the ocular features of corona virus disease (COVID)-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 detection in tears and conjunctival scrapes in non-severe COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This is a multicenter observational clinical study with no intervention conducted from Jan 25th to March 1st, 2020. Clinical data and samples of tears and conjunctival scraping were collected in consecutive laboratory-confirmed, non-severe COVID-19 patients from three hospitals. COVID-19 virus was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kits. RESULTS: Totally 255 laboratory-confirmed, non-severe COVID-19 patients were recruited for ocular manifestation investigation. Of them, 54.9% were females, with a mean age of 49.4y. None of the patients has evidence of uveitis; 11 patients (4.3%) complained of mild asthenopia; 2 (0.8%) had mild conjunctival congestion and serous secretion. Twenty-five of them had performed tears and conjunctival scrape for COVID-19 virus detection, with 4 yield possible positive results in the nucleoprotein gene. One of them were asymptomatic with normal chest CT and positive pharyngeal swab result. CONCLUSION: Ocular manifestations are neither common nor specific in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, COVID-19 virus nucleotides can be detected in the tears and conjunctival scrape samples, warranting further research on the transmissibility by the ocular route.

Due to the continuous progress and development of new media technology, the living habits and ways of Chinese people have undergone profound changes due to the emergence and development of the Internet. Many college students are bombarded with information from the Internet, and they also gradually feel great social pressure. In addition, the Internet has become an important channel and platform for many college students to make suggestions, communicate and study. However, due to the characteristics of hidden, open and free travel of the Internet, college students can not only get access to positive and positive information, but also suffer from many unhealthy information infringements. Under the dual influence of social pressure and public opinion, college students will have a negative impact on the physical and mental development of college students. In serious cases, online mass incidents will occur, which will be detrimental to the construction of a harmonious society. Based on this, it is necessary to correctly handle the social pressure and public opinion related content of college students in the new media environment. In this paper, the connotation, characteristics and environment of new media are analyzed, combined with regression calculation, the pressure brought by new media to college students is further analyzed from four angles, and the four characteristics of college students’ public opinion are discussed in detail. Then, it puts forward the countermeasures of social pressure and public opinion from five dimensions.

The avionics network supports high-safety-level flight operations, with the analysis of transmission failures serving as a crucial means for its safety evaluation. Due to the time-dependent nature of the failure probability in avionics networks, traditional constant and unchangeable probability values can deviate from the actual situation under specific conditions. This deviation may lead to inadequate responses to occasional events and potentially cause flight accidents. A Dynamic Fault Tree (DFT) model for civil aircraft avionics network transmission failures, based on an optimized extended fuzzy algorithm, is introduced in this paper. Initially focusing on event correlations, a DFT is established for the transmission failure of the Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX). Subsequently, considering the variations between events, triangular fuzzy processing is applied to the event failure rates based on relative confidence levels. Finally, by optimizing the weakest t-norm operator, the failure probability intervals are aggregated and the fuzzy scale is regulated. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to the static-minimum t-norm and traditional weakest t-norm methods, the proposed approach enhances the accuracy of the fuzzy failure probability intervals by 66.15% and 40.59%, respectively. Concurrently, it maintains consistency in the ranking of event importance, highlighting the superior effectiveness of the proposed method in analyzing transmission failures in avionics networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-entropy materials (HEMs) designed with a new material design philosophy have recently emerged as a new type of advanced materials. In contrast to traditional alloys where one or two elements dominate the structural composition, HEMs comprise multiprincipal metallic or metalloid elements, generally ≥5 and in equiatomic or near-equiatomic ratios, thereby possessing high mixing entropy and generally forming a single-phase solid solution structure during solidification process. Because of their unique atomic structures, HEMs exhibit excellent properties such as high strength, hardness, corrosion resistance and structural stability at elevated temperatures. Hence, HEMs have great potential to be utilized in various high-tech areas, such as aerospace, high-temperature and nuclear energy fields, etc. HEMs have sparked great interests in the fields of materials and substantial progress has been made over the years. Powder metallurgy (PM) is an advanced technology that is often used to fabricate high-performance metal-based and ceramic composite materials possessing a metastable structure, such as nanocrystalline or supersaturated solid solution phases. In particular, it can also be applied to synthesize advanced materials with unique structures and properties that are difficult to achieve using conventional casting methods. Recently, PM has been extensively applied in studying HEMs, thereby considerably expanding their application range. In this review paper, we first introduce the concept and theories related to HEMs and briefly summarize research activities and progresses made with regards to the applications of PM in HEMs, including synthesis methods of powders, formation of bulk HEMs, and typical HEMs (i.e., nanocrystalline high-entropy alloys (HEAs), refractory HEAs, lightweight HEAs, dispersion strengthened HEAs, and high-entropy ceramics) fabricated using PM. In particular, we place emphasis on the mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of HEMs, specifically, the strengthening mechanisms in some typical HEAs fabricated by PM. Finally, the future prospects of HEMs are also briefly outlined.

This paper investigated the impact mechanism of grinding forces and machined surface quality on unidirectional C/SiC by a regular dodecagon-based grinding track method. Comparative analysis reveal that up grinding reduces tangential forces by 10%~25%, normal forces by 30%~50%, and surface roughness by 25%~65%, compared to down grinding. Moreover, the fiber grinding angle has a pronounced impact on the grinding characteristics. When the fiber grinding angle is as 0°~90°, the magnitude ranking of grinding force from large to small is as 60°, 30°, 90°, 0°. When the fiber grinding angle is as 90°~180°, the magnitude ranking of grinding force from large to small is as 120°, 90°, 150°, 180°. The order of surface roughness Sa on the machined surface aligns with the grinding force magnitude ranking as 0°, 150°, 120°, 30°, 60°, 90°. A pronounced material deformation rebound effectiveness is observed in C/SiC grinding. A comparative analysis of surface microstructures at diverse fiber grinding angles, and a grinding material removal model was introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new secondary metabolites, including a new cyclopentenone derivative (1) and a new pyrone derivative (2), together with seventeen known compounds (3 – 19), were isolated from the fermentation of the endophytic fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii J11 in the stems of Euphorbia pekinensis. Their structures were elucidated by using NMR and HRESIMS data and by comparing the information with literature data. Compounds 3 , 4 , and 18 possessed moderate ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, and Compound 12 exhibited a potential neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA-induced injury in PC12 cells. In addition, all compounds were evaluated for their tyrosinase inhibitory activities. [Display omitted] • Two new ketene derivatives were isolated from the endophytic fungus Daldinia eschscholtzii J11. • Their structures were elucidated by using extensive spectroscopic data. • All isolated compounds were evaluated their antioxidant, neuroprotective, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial control system anomaly detection faces the problem of data imbalance, in which the class overlap phenomenon which exists in imbalanced data exacerbates the difficulty of classifier detection. Coping strategies based on data class balancing or data overlap detecting are more often adopted, but these approaches suffer from poor model stability or low overlap recognition rate. In response, a hybrid sampling method for the overlap region, OverlapRHS, is proposed, which uses support vector data description to construct the overlap detection model on majority and minority class samples respectively, and applies hybrid sampling to samples in the overlap data region by combining synthetic minority class with neighborhood cleaning. Finally the method is combined with four classical classifiers, tested on four publicly available imbalanced datasets, and compared with four other sampling methods for handling imbalance problems. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect the overlap data in the imbalanced dataset, and improve the training effectiveness of classifiers through efficient and targeted data hybrid sampling, which improves the anomaly detection performance of classifiers on the imbalanced data and shows significant advantages than other sampling methods for imbalanced data handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]