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15. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition

Author

Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Anand, Shuchi, Watkins, David, Gaziano, Thomas, Wu, Yangfeng, Mbanya, Jean Claude, Nugent, Rachel, Ajay, Vamadevan S, Afshin, Ashkan, Adler, Alma, Ali, Mohammed K, Bateman, Eric, Bettger, Janet, Bonow, Robert O, Brouwer, Elizabeth, Bukhman, Gene, Bull, Fiona, Burney, Peter, Capewell, Simon, Chan, Juliana, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Chen, Jie, Criqui, Michael H, Dirks, John, Dugani, Sagar B, Engelgau, Michael, Nahas, Meguid El, Fall, Caroline HD, Feigin, Valery, Fowkes, F Gerald R, Glassman, Amanda, Goenka, Shifalika, Gupta, Rajeev, Hasan, Babar, Hersch, Fred, Hu, Frank, Huffman, Mark D, Jabbour, Samer, Jarvis, Deborah, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Joshi, Rohina, Kamano, Jemima H, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kudesia, Preeti, Kumar, R Krishna, Kumaran, Kalyanaraman, Lambert, Estelle V, Lee, Edward S, Li, Chaoyun, Luo, Rong, Magee, Matthew, Malik, Vasanti S, Marin-Neto, J Antonio, Marks, Guy, Mayosi, Bongani, McGuire, Helen, Micha, Renata, Miranda, J Jaime, Montoya, Pablo Aschner, Moran, Andrew E, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Naicker, Saraladevi, Naidoo, Nadraj G, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nikolic, Irina, O'Donnell, Martin, Onen, Churchill, Osmond, Clive, Patel, Anushka, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Poulter, Neil, Pratt, Michael, Rabkin, Miriam, Rajan, Vikram, Rassi, Anis, Rawal, Ishita, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Riella, Miguel, Roth, Greg A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sakuma, Yuna, Sampson, Uchechukwu KA, Siegel, Karen R, Sliwa, Karen, Suhrcke, Marc, Tandon, Nikhil, Thomas, Bernadette, Vaca, Claudia, Vedanthan, Rajesh, Verguet, Stéphane, Webb, Michael, Weber, Mary Beth, Whitsel, Laurie, Wong, Gary, Yan, Lijing L, Yancy, Clyde W, Zhang, Ping, and Zhao, Dong

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Cardiovascular, Health Services, Clinical Research, Prevention, Good Health and Well Being, Cardiovascular Diseases, Developing Countries, Health Priorities, Humans, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Disease Control Priorities-3 Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders Author Group, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders (CVRDs) are the leading causes of adult death worldwide, and substantial inequalities in care of patients with CVRDs exist between countries of high income and countries of low and middle income. Based on current trends, the UN Sustainable Development Goal to reduce premature mortality due to CVRDs by a third by 2030 will be challenging for many countries of low and middle income. We did systematic literature reviews of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to identify priority interventions. We summarise the key findings and present a costed essential package of interventions to reduce risk of and manage CVRDs. On a population level, we recommend tobacco taxation, bans on trans fats, and compulsory reduction of salt in manufactured food products. We suggest primary health services be strengthened through the establishment of locally endorsed guidelines and ensured availability of essential medications. The policy interventions and health service delivery package we suggest could serve as the cornerstone for the management of CVRDs, and afford substantial financial risk protection for vulnerable households. We estimate that full implementation of the essential package would cost an additional US$21 per person in the average low-income country and $24 in the average lower-middle-income country. The essential package we describe could be a starting place for low-income and middle-income countries developing universal health coverage packages. Interventions could be rolled out as disease burden demands and budgets allow. Our outlined interventions provide a pathway for countries attempting to convert the UN Sustainable Development Goal commitments into tangible action.

Published
2018

22. The effects of social pensions on nutrition‐related health outcomes of the poor: Quasi‐experimental evidence from Peru.

Author

Bernal, Noelia, Olivera, Javier, and Suhrcke, Marc

Abstract

This paper exploits the discontinuity around a welfare index of eligibility to assess the impact of Peru's social pension program Pension 65 on nutrition‐related health outcomes among elderly poor individuals. Overall, we find evidence of how a relatively inexpensive program can produce improvements in anemia and nutrition‐related mortality risk markers. The effects appear to be driven by plausible underlying mechanisms, including via improved nutritional quality as well as greater food expenditures and healthcare utilization. These positive effects are only modestly countered by tentative signs of an increased obesity risk among women in the short term (<2 years), but not beyond this term. As the program evolves further, policymakers need to confront the challenge of continuing to ensure the health benefits in terms of reducing nutritional deficits while avoiding potential undesirable side effects in terms of over‐nutrition in Peru. The findings may serve to highlight the wider benefits of similar pension policies for the poor also in other middle income countries, well beyond the immediate economic welfare effects that the policies have primarily been designed for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Do economic incentives promote physical activity? Evidence from the London Congestion Charge.

Author

Nakamura, Ryota, Albanese, Andrea, Coombes, Emma, and Suhrcke, Marc

Subjects
MONETARY incentives, CONGESTION pricing, PHYSICAL activity, INCENTIVE (Psychology), CYCLING, CHOICE of transportation, TRAVEL websites
Abstract

This study investigates the impact of economic incentives on travel-related physical activity, leveraging the London Congestion Charge's disincentivising of sedentary travel modes via increasing the cost of private car use within Central London. The scheme imposes charges on most types of cars entering, exiting, and operating within the Central London area, while individuals living inside the charging zone are eligible for a 90% reduction in congestion charges. Geographical location information provides the full-digit postcode data necessary to precisely identify the eligibility for the discount of participants in the London Travel Demand Survey for the period 2005–2011. Using a boundary regression-discontinuity design reveals a statistically significantly positive impact on active commuting (i.e. cycling and walking) around the border of the charging zone. The effect is larger for lower-income households and car owners. The findings are robust against multiple specifications and validation tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Global Health Economics

Author

Revill, Paul, primary, Suhrcke, Marc, additional, Moreno-Serra, Rodrigo, additional, Sculpher, Mark, additional, and Goddard, Maria, additional

Published
2020
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46. Extended and standard duration weight-loss programme referrals for adults in primary care (WRAP): a randomised controlled trial

Author

Ahern, Amy L, Wheeler, Graham M, Aveyard, Paul, Boyland, Emma J, Halford, Jason C G, Mander, Adrian P, Woolston, Jennifer, Thomson, Ann M, Tsiountsioura, Melina, Cole, Darren, Mead, Bethan R, Irvine, Lisa, Turner, David, Suhrcke, Marc, Pimpin, Laura, Retat, Lise, Jaccard, Abbygail, Webber, Laura, Cohn, Simon R, and Jebb, Susan A

Published
2017
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