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Penelitian tentang Perbandingan Konsentrasi Larutan Garam dan Air Kelapa Terhadap Nilai Konduktivitas Listrik bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan konsentrasi larutan garam dan air kelapa terhadap nilai konduktivitas listrik. Pemilihan kedua jenis zat cair ini berdasarkan pada jenis zat cair yang dapat menghantarkan arus listrik dan dapat dijadikan sebagai energi alternatif media sumber energi listrik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Adapun hasil data penelitian diperoleh dari pengambilan data variasi konsentrasi jenis larutan elektrolit yaitu air kelapa muda, air kelapa tua, larutan garam serta konsentrasi air sumur dengan perbedaan jumlah perbandingan volume zat cair namun menggunakan daya yang sama yaitu sebesar 3 Volt kemudian jarak antar dua elektroda yang dibuat tetap yaitu 6 cm dan diameter batang elektroda yang digunakan yaitu 0,5 mm. Hasil data yang diperoleh pada data tabel maupun data grafik menunjukkan bahwa rerata larutan yang memiliki kemampuan elektrolit terbesar adalah larutan air garam dibandingkan dengan air kelapa, kemudian kadar kematangan air di dalam kelapa juga berpengaruh, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa air kelapa tua memiliki nilai konduktivitas yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nilani konduktivitas air kelapa muda. Sehingga, perbandingan nilai konduktivitas listrik diurutkan dari yang terbesar yaitu larutan garam, air kelapa tua dan selanjutnya air kelapa muda. Maka larutan garam memiliki kemampuan menghantarkan arus listrik yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan air kelapa.

ABSTRAK- Penelitian ini merupakan bentuk kajian sederhana yang memanfaatkan biomassa pertanian yaitu batok kelapa yang disintesis menjadi material maju grafen. Grafen merupakan salah satu material maju dan terbarukan dalam bidang sains dan teknologi terkini karena kemanfaatannya yang multifungsi. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengubah biomassa batok kelapa menjadi karbon melalui suatu reaksi pembakaran. Arang hasil dari pembakaran selanjutnya diberikan perlakuan dengan metode reduksi kimia atau metode Hummer tereduksi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bentuk morfologi grafen berupa serpihan-serpihan atau dikenal dengan istilah grafen Flakes. Hasil ini terkonfirmasi melalui uji visualisasi SEM, dimana grafen Flakes diperlihatkan dalam formasi tumpukan mengindikasikan struktur multilayer. Hasil uji TEM memperlihatkan jarak antar kisi kristal yang dimilikinya yaitu berkisar pada 2,40 dan 2,46 Å. Berdasarkan pada data jarak antar kisi kristal tersebut, hasil simulasi energi menggunakan prinsip DOS didapatkan bahwan grafen hasil sintesis memiliki energi secara berturut-turut adalah 4,0 eV untuk level konduksi dan 3,3 eV untuk level valensi. Hasil uji optik sifat absorbansi dan fluoresens memperlihatkan grafen memiliki dua puncak serapan utama yang berkorelasi dengan terjadinya transisi energi dan dari bentuk ikatan C=C dan C-O-C. Adapun pendaran yang dihasilkan melalui uji fluoresensi adalah warna hijau dengan panjang gelombang 525 nm. Secara sederhana rancangan penelitian dapat dikatakan telah berhasil dalam mensintesis grafen dari arang batok kelapa, meskipun belum sempurna dan masih perlu untuk dilakukan kajian kembali. Hasil dari penelitian ini selanjutnya akan dikembangkan lagi menjadi bentuk grafen dengan morfologi yang berpori. ABSTRACT− This research is a simple study that takes an advantage of agricultural biomass that is synthesized cocconut shell to become graphene, an advanced material. Graphene is one of advanced-and-renewable material in the recent science and technology due to its multifunctional values.The research started with a changed cocconut shell being carbon through a burning reaction. Then the next procedure is given to the charcoal, produced from the burning process, by chemical reduction method or reduced hummer method.The observation showed a morphological form of graphen known as graphen flakes. It had been confirmed by SEM visualization test where the graphene flakes exhibited in a drift formafion indicated a multilayer structure. TEM test result showed a space in the owned crystal lattice approximately from 2.4 to 2.46 Å. Based on the data of the crystal lattice space, the result of energy simulation using DOS principal impressed that synthesized graphen has energy respectively 4.0 eV for a conduction and 3.3 eV for valency level. Therefore, the absorbantion and fluorecence result of the optical test showed that the graphen has two main absorptions corellated with the transitional energy of and to the form of C=C and C-O-C. However, emission resulted from fluorecence test is green with wavelength 525 nm. In a simple way, this reseach project can be resumed as a success study in the synthesized coconut from cocconut shell, while it had not been perfect, yet, and it needed to be advanced. Next, the outcome of the study will be developed more to be a porous graphen form

Silicon Carbide (SiC) merupakan material keramik non-oksida yang memiliki tingkat kekerasan, titik leleh, dan konduktivitas termal yang tinggi. SiC dapat disintesis menggunakan prekursor silika (SiO2) dan karbon (C) dengan memanfaatkan SiO2 sebagai sumber silikon (Si). SiC telah disintesis dari sekam padimenggunakan prekursor SiO2 dan C dengan metode reduksi magnesiotermik. Sintesis SiC dilakukan dengan mencampurkan SiO2 dan C pada perbandingan rasio 1:3, kemudian diberi penambahan magnesium (Mg) dengan variasi massa dari 1,0 g, 1,5 g, dan 2,0 g. Selanjutnya, semua sampel dipanaskan dalam furnace pada temperatur 600 C selama 3 jam. Fase terbentuknya SiC diindikasikan dengan warna fisik pada setiap sampel yang berubah dari abu-abu menjadi putih kehijauan. Selanjutnya serbuk SiC dikarakterisasi menggunakan fourier transform infrared (FTIR) untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi dan X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) untuk mengetahui derajat kristalinitas, sudut difraksi 2 , dan jarak antar kisi (d). Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan adanya ikatan Si–C pada bilangan gelombang 786,89 – 941,19 cm-1. SiC yang diperoleh pada semua sampel memiliki struktur kubik (β-phase) atau dapat disebut β–SiC dengan karakteristik dhkl (111) dan parameter kisi pada kisaran 0,43 nm berdasarkan analisa menggunakan XRD. Penambahan 1 g Mg menghasilkan SiC yang terbaik dengan puncak intensitas difraksi 54 a.u pada sudut 36,04 . Semakin tinggi penambahan Mg pada proses sintesis menyebabkan penurunan intensitas, derajat kristalinitas, dan memperbesar ukuran kristal β–SiC. β–SiC yang disintesis dari sekam padi dengan temperatur rendah ini dapat diaplikasikan sebagai material keramik. Namun, diperlukan karakterisasi lebih lanjut menggunakan thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA) untuk mengetahui titik leleh serbuk SiC.

Penataban Village is one of the neighborhoods located in the center of Banyuwangi. Although situated in the center of Banyuwangi, Penataban Village continues to uphold traditional customs and cultural practices, such as the Ider Bumi ceremony. According to Kridalaksana (2023:13), meaning refers to the speaker's intention, the influence of language units in understanding human perception or behavior, relationships in terms of similarities or differences between language and non-language contexts, or between speech and all that it denotes, or the way language symbols are used. This study employs a qualitative research method. The data source for this research is the Ider Bumi event held during the Suro month in Penataban Village, Banyuwangi. The data focuses on the aspects of the meaning of Ider Bumi during the Suro month in Penataban Village, Banyuwangi. Data collection methods include (1) documentation, (2) note-taking, and (3) interviews. The Ider Bumi ceremony takes place both at night and in the morning. The meaning of the Ider Bumi ceremony in Penataban Village differs from that in other villages. The Ider Bumi event in Penataban is specifically held on the first day of Sura. In addition to the nighttime village procession, there is a communal meal held in the morning. This tradition is an essential part of the cultural and social identity of Penataban Village. The harmonious relationship between humans and nature is demonstrated through the communal meal, where residents come together to share food made from local produce. Furthermore, the harmonious relationship between humans and spirituality is reflected in the procession, which includes recitations of istighfar (a form of seeking forgiveness), the call to prayer, and prayers at every corner of the village

Batteries are one of the vital components that are the main source of energy in electric forklifts which of course must be considered, especially their performance in issuing voltage and density of electrolyte which can be influenced by other factors such as temperature. The design of the battery itself tends to be closed so that it has very minimal air circulation which makes the hot temperature trapped and affects the performance of the battery itself. For these problems, an analysis of the addition of an extra fan on the battery cover was carried out to determine the extent of the extra fan's influence on battery performance (temperature, voltage, and electrolyte density) with a lead acid on the electric pallet mover. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) is used as a research method which is expected to produce data that shows how much influence the addition of an extra fan has on the battery performance of the electric pallet mover. The results of this study show that the addition of an extra fan to the pallet mover battery cover provides a significant change in the temperature, voltage, and density of the battery electrolyte. When the level of the extra fan is in the off state (none) compared to the level of the extra fan in the high speed state (6500 RPM) in the temperature test, the results show that the average change is 10.93oC. Then when the level of the extra fan is in the off state (none) compared to the level of the extra fan in the high speed state (6500 RPM) in the Voltage test, the results show that the average change is 0.6 volts. Meanwhile, when the extra fan level is in the off state (none) compared to the extra fan level in the high speed state (6500 RPM) in the Density test, the results show that the average change is 0.22.

Monitoring and analyzing reservoir water quality are crucial for ecological and environmental strategies. This study examines the differences between the Water Quality Indices (WQI) of Indonesia (WQI-INA), Malaysia (DOE-Malaysia), Oregon (WQI-Oregon), and Italy (PI-Prati), considering the tropical climate of Indonesia and Malaysia, and contrasting with the temperate climate of Oregon and the Mediterranean climate of Italy. Using data from the Sutami Reservoir in Indonesia from 2015 to 2021, the study assesses water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, DO, NH3, NO3, total suspended solids, total phosphorus (TP), and pH at various depths (0.3, 5, and 10 meters) across three sites (upstream, midstream, downstream). The results show varied classifications: WQI-INA rated the reservoir as "pretty good," WQI-Oregon as "poor," and both DOE-Malaysia and PI-Prati as "slightly polluted." Spatial analysis of vertical distribution revealed "slightly polluted" (WQI-INA), "moderately polluted" (WQI-Oregon and PI-Prati), and "heavily polluted" (DOE-Malaysia). These discrepancies arise from differences in local environmental standards, regulatory requirements, and specific water quality concerns included in each index. The Sutami Reservoir water quality status was declared using WQI-INA, however, other methods were employed to simulate the worst-case scenarios and inform preventive actions. The Sutami Reservoir hyper-eutrophic conditions indicate a pollution load capacity of 65.22 tons per year. Critical parameters such as pH and TP highlight significant water quality and pollution issues. Recommendations for water quality treatment under heavy pollution conditions include applying 12.09 - 120.87 tons of lime, using 78.75 - 393.75 kg of chemical buffers, oxygen diffusion, controlling riparian vegetation over 2.37 - 23.7 hectares, dredging 37,100 m3 of sediment per year, and reducing nutrient sources through community involvement.

Odontogenic tumors are slow-growing and generally nonaggressive; however, aggressive characteristics appear to exist in particular tumors. The author reports two cases of benign odontogenic lesions at the anterior maxilla. A 44-year-old woman came to an oral-maxillofacial surgeon with a complaint of asymptomatic swelling of the left anterior region of the maxilla 15 years ago, which started gently but gradually increased over time. The patient experienced a physical injury 15 years ago, resulting in the loss of the upper left front teeth. In the other case, a 50-year-old woman complained for 5 years about a little swelling in her left anterior maxilla that became larger over time without causing any discomfort or pain. The Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exam revealed a partially multilocular radiopaque mixed radiolucent lesion in the anterior maxilla, with margins that are both well-defined and ill-defined. Both display features of infiltrative, expansive, and moderately aggressive growths, leading to the erosion and perforation of the cortical plates in the buccal and palatal regions. Based on the biopsy results, both samples showed similar findings, specifically a benign odontogenic lesion, likely desmoplastic ameloblastoma, and squamous odontogenic tumor without any atypic cells or malignancy. This study aims to further our understanding of the clinical and radiological features of these patients and emphasize the importance of investigating specific lesions as potential diagnoses.

In this paper, we report the molecular docking study of graphene oxide and glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme for a potential glucose biosensing application. The large surface area and good electrical properties have made graphene oxide as one of the best candidates for an enzyme immobilizer and transducer in the biosensing system. Our molecular docking results revealed that graphene oxide plays a role as a GOx enzyme immobilizer in the glucose biosensor system since it can spontaneously bind with GOx at specific regions separated from the active sites of glucose and not interfering or blocking the glucose sensing by GOx in an enzyme-assisted biosensor system. The strongest binding affinity of GOx-graphene oxide interaction is −11.6 kCal/mol and dominated by hydrophobic interaction. Other modes of interactions with a lower binding affinity have shown the existence of some hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). A possibility of direct sensing (interaction) model of glucose by graphene oxide (non-enzymatic sensing mechanism) was also studied in this paper, and showed a possible direct glucose sensing by graphene oxide through the H-bond interaction, even though with a much lower binding affinity of −4.2 kCal/mol. It was also found that in a direct glucose sensing mechanism, the sensing interaction can take place anywhere on the graphene oxide surface with almost similar binding affinity.

Dalam dunia komputasi awan yang semakin berkembang, ancaman serangan Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) menjadi isu yang sangat krusial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengimplementasikan model prediksi serangan DDoS menggunakan algoritma Random Forest dan analisis perilaku jaringan. Dataset CICIDS2017 digunakan sebagai sumber data utama untuk melatih dan menguji model prediksi yang dikembangkan. Pemilihan algoritma Random Forest didasarkan pada kemampuannya yang tinggi dalam menangani data besar dan kompleks serta kemampuannya dalam mengenali pola anomali yang sering menjadi indikasi serangan siber. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa model ini mencapai akurasi yang signifikan dengan precision sebesar 97,8%, recall sebesar 98,2%, dan F1-score sebesar 98,0%. Analisis perilaku jaringan yang diterapkan, melibatkan fitur-fitur dinamis seperti waktu antar paket (Inter-Arrival Time/IAT), ukuran rata-rata segmen, dan jumlah paket per detik, yang terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan deteksi model. Implementasi model dalam lingkungan komputasi awan menunjukkan bahwa metode ini dapat diintegrasikan dengan sistem deteksi intrusi (Intrusion Detection Systems/IDS) yang sudah ada untuk memberikan lapisan perlindungan tambahan terhadap serangan DDoS. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penggunaan kombinasi algoritma Random Forest dan analisis perilaku jaringan sebagai solusi yang efektif untuk mendeteksi serangan DDoS dalam lingkungan komputasi awan. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji model dengan dataset yang lebih beragam serta mengoptimalkan algoritma untuk meningkatkan performa deteksi. Kata kunci: Random Forest, DDoS, Cloud Computing

The freezer machine is one of the tools on board and serves to maintain the temperature of food ingredients to keep it in good condition and fresh. Given the importance of this, the cooling machine is a tool that functions to make durable foodstuffs by naturally maintaining the temperature. Standard freezer machines produce temperatures only up to -15oC. Modification of the freezer machine needs to be done so that the temperature reaches a lower minus again by changing the capillary pipe from standard to double helical. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of double helical capillary pipes on the working performance of a 100-liter capacity freezer cooling machine using R600A refrigerant. In this study the frezzer machine was modified by replacing a single capillary pipe into a double helical. The method used is to conduct experiments to take data to determine the temperature produced and calculate the Coefficient of Performance (COP) before and after modification. The results of this study are the lowest temperature in the double helical capillary pipe variation during the three-hour test obtained a temperature in the range of -20.2oC while the standard capillary pipe obtained a temperature in the range of -14.9oC. The average COP for standard capillary pipes is greater at 2.773 compared to the COP of double helical capillary pipes which is 2.421. At double helical temperature values are cooler than standard capillary pipes. However, the disadvantage is that the COP of the double-helical capillary pipe is lower than the COP of the standard capillary pipe.

he Lombok Snake-eyed Skink, Cryptoblepharus cursor Barbour, 1911 has been recorded in South Java prior to 1940. However, information on its population on the island are scarce. This study presents new records of C. cursor from Java. Visual Encounter Survey were conducted to observe habitat selections and collect skinks as voucher specimens. South Javan C. cursor are restricted to sandy littoral zones with Ipomoea pescaprae (L.) R.Br. – Spinifex littoreus (Burm.f.) Merr. whereas Lombok C. cursor are saxicolous, preferring rocky coasts. They also differ from the scansorial C. balinensis Barbour, 1911, a sympatric congener from Java.

This paper aims to show the basic idea of efficiency in economic analysis of law (EAL) and at the same time promote its efficacy by using the optics of its studies that use 'economic eyes' while providing justice as a legal goal. Starting with the points of utility from Bentham's thought which was then conceptualized as an economic concept of justice because in EAL, law and justice view society as an economic entity. Three models were raised, then the analysis of efficiency became an economic tool to be used to achieve the goal of maximizing welfare. The goal is to get answers to whether it is possible to valuate and monetize all aspects of efficiency in order to get benefits. Each model is constructed with different assumptions and scenarios but still under one framework, namely how efficiency works according to EAL in order to maximize the widest social utility. As a result, it becomes inefficient when faced with circumstances that are contrary to the basic principles of EAL so that it cannot be monetized. There are circumstances where valuations are difficult or even impossible to monetize at decent values, especially against certain costs and benefits. These results show that the difficulty in quantifying some aspects tends to replace one's subjective values.

Purpose: This research aims to find out the impact of the financial ratio of liquidity, profitability, solvency and capital structure on the value of the company with the policy of dividend as an intervening variable on the healthcare subsector companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange period 2017-2019. This is a causality study that seeks cause-effect relationships between three variables: an exogenous (free or independent) variable that affects, an endogenic variable (binding or dependent) that is affected, and an intervening variable which affects the relationship between the two indirectly and not directly observable. Design/methodology/approach: This researcher uses inferential quantitative methods. The research used financial reports on healthcare subsector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023 by accessing the website www.idx.co.id, the corporate site on the research object, and sites that support the enrichment of research material. Sampling techniques used purposive sampling and produced a sample of 36 healthcare subsector companies. The source of data used in this study is annual secondary data. Data analysis using SmartPLS 3.2.9. Finding: The results of the analysis showed that liquidity had a positive and significant influence on the value of the company. Results of analysis indicated that profitability had a negative and no significant impact on the company's value. The result of analysis revealed that the profitability has a negative influence and did not have a significant effect on the corporate value. There is no direct and nonsignificant influence between profitability on the company's value and the policy of dividends as the intervening variable is not proved to be mediated. The analysis results there is a positive and significant direct influence on the value of the company with the dividend policy as the intervenient variable was proven to be Mediated. There is a direct and significant positive influence among the capital structure on the corporate value with the dividend policy of the intervened variable as the mediated variable. Paper type: Research paper

Selecting an appropriate Project Delivery Method (PDM) is a crucial decision for owners that significantly influences the success of a construction project. Various criteria, such as the nature of construction projects and the specific characteristics of owners and projects, should be properly considered to make this decision. This paper first assesses and evaluates the key criteria for selecting a PDM for building projects in Surabaya. It then proposes a multi-criteria decision-making model for the selection of three PDMs, namely Single General Contractor, Multiple Primes, and Design and Build. A three-step questionnaire survey was conducted to achieve the objectives. The initial analysis revealed six important selection criteria, which were then modelled and used in the subsequent survey. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) procedures, the second analysis determined the weights of each criterion for the three PDMs. The paper discusses these weights, suggesting the relative strengths of each PDM. Finally, the paper tests the robustness of the model using three building projects in Surabaya.

Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drones to detect landslide Hazard and risk assessment becomes uncommon methodology in Indonesia. Nowadays, in Indonesia drones are still popular to use for commercial, news interest and advertisement purposes only. It is not mainly used for detecting landslide hazard or risk assessment purposes. Furthermore, the landslide in Indonesia is a common worldwide phenomenon that often occur and can have a great impact on the infrastructures and sometimes tragically result in fatalities. UAV provide a quick, safe, effective, and potentially superior means of inspecting large-scale, remote and difficult to access landforms with significant cost benefits compared to traditional inspection method by manual tracking. UAV can derive the aerial photography which represents actual condition and landslide hazard instantly. By using an aerial photograph, it can simplify the engineer to obtain viewpoint and presumption related with the mechanism of the landslide, some factors triggering the landslide (terrain and topography, drainage, river stream, logged area, slope height, structure, and community, etc). The result suggests that UAC can be one of most effective value in surveying and large-scale inspection to determine landslide hazard as well as general site condition.

Ventilated hospital-acquired pneumonia (V-HAP) dan ventilated community-acquired pneumonia (V-CAP) merupakan subtipe klinis penyakit hospital-acquired pneumonia dan community-acquired pneumonia yang ditatalaksana dengan ventilasi mekanik di ICU. Penelitian yang mengeksplorasi karakteristik umum dan luaran kedua kategori pasien tersebut masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian observasional retrospektif ini menganalisis rekam medis pasien V-HAP dan V-CAP berusia 18 tahun ke atas yang dirawat di GICU Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin, Bandung antara Januari–Desember 2021. Terdapat 23 pasien V-HAP dan 21 pasien V-CAP. Ditemukan bahwa pasien V-HAP lebih lama menggunakan ventilator (rerata: 16,33±9,88 hari) dibanding dengan V-CAP (rerata: 8,25±4,92 hari). Pasien V-HAP juga lebih lama dirawat di ICU (rerata ICU-LOS: 19,33±13,42 hari) dibanding dengan V-CAP (rerata ICU LOS: 9±4,74 hari). Mortalitas yang tinggi pada kelompok V-HAP (87%) dan V-CAP (81%) dipengaruhi oleh komorbiditas dan kondisi dasar pasien. Pada biakan sputum juga ditemukan lebih banyak kuman gram negatif yang didominasi multi drug resistant organism (MDRO), yaitu sebanyak 93% pada V-HAP dan 78% pada V-CAP. Pasien V-HAP di ICU memiliki durasi penggunaan ventilator dan perawatan ICU yang lebih lama serta tingkat mortalitas yang tinggi dibanding dengan pasien V-CAP dan dengan prevalensi kuman gram negatif resisten obat yang lebih dominan.

This quantitative research presents the classification of marine cadastres in the marine conservation area of Pulau Weh Nature Tourism Park. The marine cadastre classes were analyzed for their alignment with the marine management classes/blocks in the Pulau Weh Nature Tourism Park using an alignment logical matrix and overlay analysis. The field inventory results identified 7 marine cadastre classes in the marine conservation area of Pulau Weh Nature Tourism Park. The alignment classification of marine cadastre classes with the marine management classes/blocks in Pulau Weh Nature Tourism Park indicates that the aligned class covers an area of 476.26 hectares (9.07% of 5,247 hectares), the non-aligned class covers 441.08 hectares (8.41% of 5,247 hectares), and the transition class covers 4,329.75 hectares (82.52% of 5,247 hectares). Keywords: Marine Cadastre Compatibility Alignment logical matrix Overlay analysis Nature Tourism Park

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which causes the transition of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells that affect ED. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TGF-β, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms, and prostatic volume for the presence of ED in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Methods: Our study performed an analytic observational retrospective cohort study using secondary data from four hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including medical records and other administrative data. The sample was BPH patients with several history qualifications. Results: Our sample was 83 respondents, ranging from 50 years to 80 years, 61 respondents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International Prostate Symptom Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is more common in patients with higher International Prostate Symptom Score (p=0.002). Moreover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/mg and TGF-β of ≥175.8 pg/mL were significantly associated with the presence of ED in BPH patients (p

The automobile workshop queue system has been optimized using various approaches, such as queuing theory, simulation, and probability. The utilization of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing automobile workshop queue systems is not yet established. The utilization of RSM with direct observation enables the detection of patterns of correlations between variables and responses, which are then represented through mathematical equations. The optimization process involves numerous factors that impact queue performance, which can be categorized into two parts. The number of servers, number of phases, number of workers, worker experience, and layout are classified in inner design. This study examines the relationship between two components of the outer design, specifically the arrival rate and the interarrival time. The responses analyzed are queue cost, service time, average customer waiting time, and number of customers. The findings indicate that queue costs are not reliable for establishing the optimum value due to the significant impact of the cost structure on the structure of the optimal location. This study discovered that the number of leaving customers is related to queue costs and is relevant in selecting the optimal point. This study also formulates mathematical equations for predicting the optimal point. This study emphasizes the necessity for further investigation to uncover alternative mathematical equations that can precisely predict the optimal conditions for various types of services.

Mangroves participate in controlling climate change by acting as the lungs of the world through the absorption and storage of blue carbon. The high-standing water on the land that must be rehabilitated is one of the obstacles encountered, so a special strategy is needed, namely, implementing a mangrove rehabilitation media structure using the demplot mangrove method. This study aimed to analyze mangrove growth based on the application of mangrove rehabilitation media structures and to calculate potential carbon stocks based on the value of tree biomass from mangrove rehabilitation monitoring. In this study, tree height and diameter were measured and linked to the water quality and frequency of inundation. Mangrove carbon reserves were also calculated based on biomass values. Good growth in the height and diameter of mangroves occurred in Avicennia lanata stands with an inundation frequency of 6 h/day. The largest projection of potential carbon stocks from the results of monitoring mangrove rehabilitation was also stored in Avicennia lanata mangrove stands at 0.3467 kg/tree (60 months), 0.6287 kg/tree (120 months), and 0.9107 kg/tree (180 months).

Background and objectives. MG is associated with muscle weakness which induces fatigue. This condition interferes with patients’ ability to pursue activities of daily living and could cause many complications such as decrement in walking and depression. Though rehabilitation has been proved to reduce symptoms, the optimal dosage of the rehabilitation program is still debatable due to lack of high-quality evidence. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of aerobic cycle ergometer on maximal walking speed, cadence and fatigue of MG patients. Materials and methods. This randomized control group study was conducted to 20 Myasthenia Gravis patients with MGFA classification I until IIb. 10 meter walking test was used to assess maximal walking speed, 1 minute walking test was used to assess cadence, while Fatigue Severity Scale was used to measure fatigue. Measurement was done before and after 8 weeks of exercise. Paired t-test is used to analyze within group variables, and independent t test to evaluate between-group analysis. Results. There was improvement on maximal walking speed, cadence and fatigue at intervention group with large effect size (CI 95%, p = 0,05), even though the results didn’t differ statistically between groups. Conclusion. There is improvement of maximal walking speed, cadence and fatigue of Myasthenia Gravis patients after exercising using low intensity aerobic cycle ergometer.

Background and objectives. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness. Muscle weakness leads to impairment of daily activities and leads to psychiatric symptoms, including depression. The lack of exercise methods in MG patients is a problem in rehabilitation. This study evaluates the effect of an 8-week low-intensity aerobic exercise program on Myasthenia Gravis Composite (MGC) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in MG patients. Materials and methods. This is a randomized controlled trial conducted from May to June 2023. Twenty subjects were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group received low-intensity aerobic exercise with cycle ergometer 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Both groups were informed about lifestyle changes and effective breathing exercises. MGC and BDI scores were measured and compared before and after intervention. Results. In the treatment group, MGC and BDI scores was significantly decreased with strong effect size after 8 weeks (5.4 ± 2.32 to 2.4 ± 1.84, p = 0.001, Cohen’s D = 1.57; and 10.4 ± 2.88 to 5.9 ± 2.77, p = 0.001, Cohen’s D = 1.86). In the control group, MGC and BDI scores were not significantly different (5.4 ± 2.68 to 6.0 ± 2.49, p = 0.193, Cohen’s D = 0.44; and 10.4 ± 1.71 to 9.6 ± 1.65, p = 0.247, Cohen’s D = 0.39). The MGC score strongly correlated with the BDI score (r = 0.50). Conclusion. 8 weeks of low-intensity aerobic exercise with cycling ergometer reduces disease severity and depression severity in myasthenia gravis.

Islamic education in Indonesia has experienced rapid development alongside the growth of the Muslim population. This paper discusses the role of Integrated Islamic Schools (IIS) as a new trend in Islamic education in Indonesia. This article analyzes the historical development of Islamic education, the role of IIS in facing the challenges of modernization, and its impact on Indonesian Muslim society. In the context of the development of Islamic education, there has been significant transformation during the reform era, including changes in the national education system. Islamic education is no longer confined to traditional models, and the emergence of IIS in several major cities marks a step towards the modernization of Islamic educationThis article employs a qualitative descriptive research method focusing on data analysis from various sources, including books, journals, and relevant publications. The research findings indicate that IIS, as part of the Integrated Islamic Schools Network of Indonesia, has attracted public attention, especially in major cities. Despite the high cost of education, IIS is considered an alternative Islamic education that combines Islamic values with a modern approach.

This research aims to analyze the issues surrounding the development of Islamic Higher Education through the application of literature review methodology. Literature review methodology involves collecting and analyzing relevant literature and references to understand the associated issues within the context of Islamic higher education institutions. The study adopts a qualitative approach by analyzing various literatures, journals, books, and related theoretical sources. The data obtained are descriptively analyzed to identify patterns and trends in the dynamics of Islamic higher education institutions. The findings reveal that these institutions face complex dynamics in addressing contemporary challenges. Furthermore, this abstract identifies challenges encountered by Islamic Higher Education institutions, such as competition with non-Islamic educational institutions, enhancing the quality of human resources, funding, and accreditation issues. These challenges require innovation and appropriate strategies to ensure the sustainability and success of Islamic Higher Education institutions. In conclusion, this abstract highlight the dynamics occurring within Islamic Higher Education institutions.

Taiwan is currently experiencing high energy use, particularly in buildings. Traditional houses have the advantage of being able to adapt to their surroundings effectively. Several traditional houses are listed as local heritage in Taiwan’s Guanshan village. Considering these are historical buildings, reuse was intended. The temperature change, however, prevented this house from functioning as well as it once could. The application of modern thermal comforts, such as heaters and air conditioners, may alter the originality and character of a structure. This study aims to investigate the natural ventilation of Base 8, a historic Taiwanese residence in Guanshan, to reduce its energy consumption. An in-depth analysis of the case study, a comprehensive understanding of the passive system, site measurements (anemometers), and CFD simulation are used to maximize the potential of cross ventilation. According to the study, an opening perpendicular to the wind’s path would provide better wind passage than one parallel to it. In addition to reducing energy consumption, the study’s findings could help local governments develop guidelines for restoring historic homes in a way that preserves their original materials while preserving their historical heritage.

AbstractPolicy business management and public policy have dominated the discussion on changes and continuity in halal tourism policy formulation. However, similar results across differing cases suggest the need for a novel explanation that accounts for a socio-cultural explanation. This research aims to explore the role of belief systems and misperceptions to explain the success and failure of halal tourism policy sustainability. The case of Indonesia is the perfect laboratory for this research as the country hosts diverse strands of Islam, which are not limited to religious practice. This research utilizes qualitative comparative methodology by sampling two of Indonesia’s top halal tourism destinations, Lombok and Yogyakarta, which are chosen through maximum variation sampling based on their diversity of Islamic belief systems. Furthermore, this research found that while the two areas similarly have a segmented religious community, the institutionalized strands differ. In Yogyakarta, the moderate ruling elite has become the monarchy leading the region’s governance, while in Lombok, purist religious leaders hold political power. The differing belief systems have resulted in a polarised misperception of halal tourism that has hindered its policy implementation in different ways.

This research challenges the materialistic view of humanity by offering a biblical and orthodox anthropological counter-narrative. It posits that human existence transcends mere matter, encompassing the body, soul, and spirit created in God's image and destined for divine communion (theosis). By examining key New Testament terms, such as natural, carnal, and spiritual man, through the lens of Patristic thought, particularly Gregory Palamas and Philokalia, this study reveals a dynamic transformation process from the natural to the spiritual man. This contrasts with the reductionist approach to materialism, demonstrating the richness and depth of the biblical and Orthodox understanding of human nature. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of human identity and purpose by bridging the gap between biblical theology and contemporary philosophy, offering a fresh perspective on the complex interplay between the physical, spiritual, and divine aspects of humanity.

Every human activity can certainly have the potential for loss, and this potential is unpredictable. However, the level of loss can be minimized by registering with an insurance company. Insurance is a preparation made by a group of people, each of whom can experience unexpected losses. If the loss befalls one of those who are members of the group, then the loss will be borne jointly. This research is qualitative research using a library study analysis approach with documentation, data collection techniques, and written work of a bibliographic nature. This research aims to describe the implementation of Sharia insurance risk management. There are at least five ways that can be done in dealing with risk, firstly avoiding risk, secondly reducing risk by taking actions that can minimize losses, thirdly holding the risk yourself, fourthly sharing the risk with other parties, this concept is adopted by Sharia insurance as a basic concept and fifthly transfers risk by transferring the risk to another party, this risk transfer concept is then used as a basic concept in conventional-based insurance, where the potential risk to a person transferred to the insurance company.

Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) adalah indeks yang mengukur kinerja harga semua saham yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Peramalan IHSG menjadi referensi bagi investor untuk memperoleh keuntungan di pasar modal. Penelitian ini membahas penerapan metode High Order Intuitionistic Fuzzy Time Series (HOIFTS) dalam peramalan IHSG di BEI. Metode HOIFTS melibatkan tiga indikator, yaitu derajat keanggotaan, derajat non- keanggotaan, dan fungsi skor (indeks intutionistic) sehingga model yang dihasilkan mampu menangani ketidakpastian dalam data. Tahapan penting dalam pemodelan HOIFTS adalah pada fuzzifikasi intuitionistic, penentuan relasi logika fuzzy intutionistic, dan proses defuzifikasi order tinggi intuitionistic. Penelitian ini menetapkan metode Chen, baik order satu maupun order tinggi sebagai metode pembanding untuk melihat seberapa jauh keberhasilan metode HOIFTS dalam meramalkan data bulanan IHSG. Hasil perbandingan nilai RMSE (root mean square error) dan MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) yang dihasilkan oleh ketiga model menunjukkan bahwa metode HOIFTS memiliki nilai kesalahan yang paling kecil. Dengan demikian, metode HOIFTS lebih direkomendasikan dalam peramalan IHSG dibandingkan dua metode lain yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini.

Objectives: Vesicovaginal fistulas (VVF) are the most commonly acquired fistulas of the urinary tract. The management of VVF is mainly based on expert opinion and surgeon experience. This study aims to provide the practice patterns and outcomes of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) management in Indonesia. Methods: This study utilizes the results of a survey among the surgeons who performs VVF repair in referral hospitals throughout Indonesia between June and July of 2021. Data analysis was carried out with SPSS descriptively by displaying the relative frequency of the answers to each question of the questionnaire form. Results: We collected responses from 93 respondents consisting of 68 urologists and 25 gynecologists. The most commonly reported cause of VVF was obstetric (50.5%). Most respondents confirmed the diagnosis of VVF by cystoscopy (81.7%). Waiting time to repair VVF was generally 12 weeks (79.6%), while the transvaginal approach repair was more often performed (77.4%). An additional procedure, such as tissue interposition was performed in 50.5% of cases. Tissue interposition was mostly indicated in recurrent VVF (81%), with omentum being the most selected tissue interposition (71%). When indicated, the most selected method of transabdominal approach was open transvesical (54,84%). A laparoscopic approach was performed only in 7.5% of cases. Overall, the success rate for VVF repair in Indonesia was 70-100% at first attempt. Conclusions: The transvaginal approach is preferred, either with or without an interposition tissue flap. The success rate at the first attempt is satisfactory.

This study aims to elucidate Persis's pivotal role in fostering the growth of Islamic boarding school institutions in Indonesia between 1923 and 1962. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this research utilizes library research methods and content analysis. Primary sources include the Sipatahoenan Newspaper and Bendera Islam. The findings reveal that Persis's emphasis on primary and secondary education has culminated in the establishment of 230 Islamic Unity Islamic Boarding Schools nationwide. Moreover, Persis has notably founded the Islamic Education University as a tertiary-level institution. The organization also facilitates courses and discussion forums addressing religious matters and disseminates literature to advance the discourse on Islamic propagation and education renewal. Regarding the educational curriculum, Persis integrates Islamic studies, Quranic teachings, and Hadith studies with conventional education. However, challenges persist in the operational aspects of Islamic educational institutions, necessitating enhancements in management practices, augmenting educational facilities, and bolstering the quality of human resources.

The waters that surround the Indonesian archipelago are home to some of the most fruitful primary resources that can be found anywhere in the southeastern Indian Ocean. In this work, we present an investigation of seasonal fluctuations in nutrient content within the region, utilizing 30-years reanalysis data generated by Copernicus Marine Service. The month of SON exhibits the maximum concentration of nitrate content, primarily observed in the southern region of Java and the Lombok Strait. The concentrations of nitrates experience significant changes that are notably impacted by Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) occurrences. Specifically, a positive IOD event is associated with elevated nitrate levels, particularly during the period spanning from June to December. Furthermore, in the southern Java region, an inverse correlation was identified between nitrate concentrations and surface zonal currents, commonly referred to as the South Java Current (SJC). Concurrently, the reinforcement of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) in the Lombok Strait is consistently accompanied by an elevation in nitrate concentration within the southern region.

This paper is evidently about the legal comparison between Indonesia and the U.S on their views on market manipulation. There are several similarities between the Capital Market Law and SEA 1934, not only in terms but also in the elements. Articles 91 and 92 of Capital Market Law seem to mimic Section 9(a) (1) and (2) of SEA 1934. As both statues states similar prohibition in creating a misleading trading appearance and the purpose of inducing sales. This means that elements and tests applicable in the U.S. should also be applicable in Indonesia. Section 10(b) of SEA 1934 and SEC Rule 10b-5 serves to further supplement the application of Section 9 with its broad anti-manipulation provisions. Articles 91 and 92 of Capital Market Law cover the sales and purchase of stocks affected by the alleged manipulation that occurs only in the securities exchange as evident by the wording “on a/the Securities Exchange”. This is also observed in Section 9(a) (1) and (2) of SEA 1934 wherein the scope is limited to transactions in the “national securities exchange”. What this implies is that over-the-counter and block sales transactions are not protected under the statutes mentioned above. This issue is not addressed under the Capital Market Law, however Section 10(b) of SEA 1934 and its implementing regulation SEC Rule 10b-5 addresses this issue. Section 10(b) of SEA 1934 allows for broader authority of law enforcement as it includes “any security registered on a national securities exchange or any security not so registered”. This implies protection for a wider scope of securities transactions.