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1. Shigella in Africa: New Insights From the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study

Author

Kasumba, Irene N, primary, Badji, Henry, additional, Powell, Helen, additional, Hossain, M Jahangir, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Platts-Mills, James A, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Zaman, Syed M A, additional, Jones, Jennifer, additional, Sen, Sunil, additional, Permala-Booth, Jasnehta, additional, Nasrin, Shamima, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Ochieng, John Benjamin, additional, Juma, Jane, additional, Doh, Sanogo, additional, Jones, Joquina Chiquita M, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Awuor, Alex O, additional, Sugerman, Ciara E, additional, Watson, Nora, additional, Focht, Christopher, additional, Liu, Jie, additional, Houpt, Eric, additional, Kotloff, Karen L, additional, and Tennant, Sharon M, additional

Published
2023
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2. Norovirus Disease Among Children <5 Years in 3 Sub-Saharan African Countries: Findings From the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015–2018

Author

Omore, Richard, primary, Powell, Helen, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Jahangir Hossain, M, additional, Ogwel, Billy, additional, Doh, Sanogo, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, Jones, Joquina Chiquita M, additional, Zaman, Syed M A, additional, Awuor, Alex O, additional, Juma, Jane, additional, Kasumba, Irene N, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, Jamka, Leslie P, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Liu, Jie, additional, Keita, Adama Mamby, additional, Traoré, Awa, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Badji, Henry, additional, Sarwar, Golam, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Sugerman, Ciara E, additional, Mintz, Eric D, additional, Houpt, Eric R, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Tennant, Sharon M, additional, Platts-Mills, James A, additional, Tate, Jacqueline E, additional, Parashar, Umesh D, additional, and Kotloff, Karen L, additional

Published
2023
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3. Prevalence of Salmonella in Stool During the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015–2018

Author

Kasumba, Irene N, primary, Powell, Helen, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Hossain, M Jahangir, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Ochieng, John Benjamin, additional, Badji, Henry, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Sen, Sunil, additional, Nasrin, Shamima, additional, Permala-Booth, Jasnehta, additional, Jones, Jennifer A, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Sugerman, Ciara E, additional, Juma, Jane, additional, Awuor, Alex, additional, Jones, Joquina Chiquita M, additional, Doh, Sanogo, additional, Okoi, Catherine, additional, Zaman, Syed M A, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, additional, Onyango, Clayton, additional, Platts-Mills, James, additional, Liu, Jie, additional, Houpt, Eric, additional, Neuzil, Kathleen M, additional, Kotloff, Karen L, additional, and Tennant, Sharon M, additional

Published
2023
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4. Exploring Survey-Based Water, Sanitation, and Animal Associations With Enteric Pathogen Carriage: Comparing Results in a Cohort of Cases With Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea to Those in Controls in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015–2018

Author

Berendes, David M, primary, Omore, Richard, additional, Prentice-Mott, Graeme, additional, Fagerli, Kirsten, additional, Kim, Sunkyung, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Powell, Helen, additional, Jahangir Hossain, M, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Doh, Sanogo, additional, Jones, Joquina Chiquita M, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, Juma, Jane, additional, Awuor, Alex O, additional, Ogwel, Billy, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Kasumba, Irene N, additional, Tennant, Sharon M, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, Zaman, Syed M A, additional, Liu, Jie, additional, Sugerman, Ciara E, additional, Platts-Mills, James A, additional, Houpt, Eric R, additional, Kotloff, Karen L, additional, and Mintz, Eric D, additional

Published
2023
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5. Epidemiology of Enteroaggregative, Enteropathogenic, and Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Among Children Aged <5 Years in 3 Countries in Africa, 2015–2018: Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study

Author

Ochieng, John B, primary, Powell, Helen, additional, Sugerman, Ciara E, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Ogwel, Billy, additional, Juma, Jane, additional, Awuor, Alex O, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Sanogo, Doh, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Keita, Adama Mamby, additional, Traoré, Awa, additional, Badji, Henry, additional, Hossain, M Jahangir, additional, Jones, Joquina Chiquita M, additional, Kasumba, Irene N, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, Liang, Yuanyuan, additional, Jamka, Leslie P, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Platts-Mills, James A, additional, Liu, Jie, additional, Houpt, Eric R, additional, Mintz, Eric D, additional, Hunsperger, Elizabeth, additional, Onyango, Clayton O, additional, Strockbine, Nancy, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Tennant, Sharon M, additional, and Kotloff, Karen L, additional

Published
2023
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6. Antibiotic-Prescribing Practices for Management of Childhood Diarrhea in 3 Sub-Saharan African Countries: Findings From the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015–2018

Author

Awuor, Alex O, primary, Ogwel, Billy, additional, Powell, Helen, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Hossain, M Jahangir, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, Juma, Jane, additional, Jamka, Leslie P, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, Doh, Sanogo, additional, Deichsel, Emily L, additional, Onwuchekwa, Uma, additional, Keita, Adama Mamby, additional, Antonio, Martin, additional, Jones, Joquina Chiquita M, additional, Zaman, Syed M A, additional, Badji, Henry, additional, Kasumba, Irene N, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Platts-Mills, James A, additional, Houpt, Eric R, additional, Berendes, David M, additional, Sugerman, Ciara E, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Tennant, Sharon M, additional, Mintz, Eric D, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, and Kotloff, Karen L, additional

Published
2023
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7. Survey-Based Assessment of Water, Sanitation, and Animal-Associated Risk Factors for Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study: The Gambia, Mali, and Kenya, 2015–2018

Author

Berendes, David M, primary, Fagerli, Kirsten, additional, Kim, Sunkyung, additional, Nasrin, Dilruba, additional, Powell, Helen, additional, Kasumba, Irene N, additional, Tennant, Sharon M, additional, Roose, Anna, additional, Jahangir Hossain, M, additional, Jones, Joquina Chiquita M, additional, Zaman, Syed M A, additional, Omore, Richard, additional, Ochieng, John B, additional, Verani, Jennifer R, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Sow, Samba O, additional, Doh, Sanogo, additional, Sugerman, Ciara E, additional, Mintz, Eric D, additional, and Kotloff, Karen L, additional

Published
2023
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8. Epidemiology of Enteroaggregative, Enteropathogenic, and Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli Among Children Aged <5 Years in 3 Countries in Africa, 2015–2018: Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study.

Author

Ochieng, John B, Powell, Helen, Sugerman, Ciara E, Omore, Richard, Ogwel, Billy, Juma, Jane, Awuor, Alex O, Sow, Samba O, Sanogo, Doh, Onwuchekwa, Uma, Keita, Adama Mamby, Traoré, Awa, Badji, Henry, Hossain, M Jahangir, Jones, Joquina Chiquita M, Kasumba, Irene N, Nasrin, Dilruba, Roose, Anna, Liang, Yuanyuan, and Jamka, Leslie P

Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of escherichia coli diseases, DIARRHEA, SEVERITY of illness index, ESCHERICHIA coli diseases, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, BACTERIAL toxins, POLYMERASE chain reaction, SYMPTOMS
Abstract

Background: To address knowledge gaps regarding diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in Africa, we assessed the clinical and epidemiological features of enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC) positive children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in Mali, The Gambia, and Kenya. Methods: Between May 2015 and July 2018, children aged 0–59 months with medically attended MSD and matched controls without diarrhea were enrolled. Stools were tested conventionally using culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and by quantitative PCR (qPCR). We assessed DEC detection by site, age, clinical characteristics, and enteric coinfection. Results: Among 4840 children with MSD and 6213 matched controls enrolled, 4836 cases and 1 control per case were tested using qPCR. Of the DEC detected with TAC, 61.1% were EAEC, 25.3% atypical EPEC (aEPEC), 22.4% typical EPEC (tEPEC), and 7.2% STEC. Detection was higher in controls than in MSD cases for EAEC (63.9% vs 58.3%, P <.01), aEPEC (27.3% vs 23.3%, P <.01), and STEC (9.3% vs 5.1%, P <.01). EAEC and tEPEC were more frequent in children aged <23 months, aEPEC was similar across age strata, and STEC increased with age. No association between nutritional status at follow-up and DEC pathotypes was found. DEC coinfection with Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli was more common among cases (P <.01). Conclusions: No significant association was detected between EAEC, tEPEC, aEPEC, or STEC and MSD using either conventional assay or TAC. Genomic analysis may provide a better definition of the virulence factors associated with diarrheal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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9. Norovirus Disease Among Children <5 Years in 3 Sub-Saharan African Countries: Findings From the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015-2018.

Author

Omore R, Powell H, Sow SO, Jahangir Hossain M, Ogwel B, Doh S, Ochieng JB, Jones JCM, Zaman SMA, Awuor AO, Juma J, Kasumba IN, Roose A, Jamka LP, Nasrin D, Liu J, Keita AM, Traoré A, Onwuchekwa U, Badji H, Sarwar G, Antonio M, Sugerman CE, Mintz ED, Houpt ER, Verani JR, Widdowson MA, Tennant SM, Platts-Mills JA, Tate JE, Parashar UD, and Kotloff KL

Subjects
Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Diarrhea, Feces, Kenya, Case-Control Studies, Norovirus genetics, Rotavirus, Rotavirus Infections epidemiology, Rotavirus Infections prevention & control, Rotavirus Infections complications, Rotavirus Vaccines
Abstract

Background: To address a paucity of data from sub-Saharan Africa, we examined the prevalence, severity, and seasonality of norovirus genogroup II (NVII) among children <5 years old in The Gambia, Kenya, and Mali following rotavirus vaccine introduction., Methods: Population-based surveillance was conducted to capture medically-attended moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) cases, defined as a child 0-59 months old passing ≥3 loose stools in a 24-hour period with ≥1 of the following: sunken eyes, poor skin turgor, dysentery, intravenous rehydration, or hospitalization within 7 days of diarrhea onset. Diarrhea-free matched controls randomly selected from a censused population were enrolled at home. Stools from cases and controls were tested for enteropathogens, including norovirus and rotavirus, by TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and conventional reverse transcription PCR. We used multiple logistic regression to derive adjusted attributable fractions (AFe) for each pathogen causing MSD, which takes into consideration the prevalence in both cases and controls, for each site and age. A pathogen was considered etiologic if AFe was ≥0.5. In further analyses focusing on the predominant NVII strains, we compared rotavirus and NVII severity using a 20-point modified Vesikari score and examined seasonal fluctuations., Results: From May 2015 to July 2018, we enrolled 4840 MSD cases and 6213 controls. NVI was attributed to only 1 MSD episode. NVII was attributed to 185 (3.8%) of all MSD episodes and was the sole attributable pathogen in 139 (2.9%); peaking (36.0%) at age 6-8 months with majority (61.2%) aged 6-11 months. MSD cases whose episodes were attributed to NVII alone compared with rotavirus alone were younger (median age, 8 vs 12 months, P < .0001) and had less severe illness (median Vesikari severity score, 9 vs 11, P = .0003) but equally likely to be dehydrated. NVII occurred year-round at all study sites., Conclusions: Infants aged 6-11 months bear the greatest burden of norovirus disease, with NVII predominating. An early infant vaccine schedule and rigorous adherence to guidelines recommended for management of dehydrating diarrhea may offer substantial benefit in these African settings., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. K. L. K. reports consultation fees and travel support from PATH and the University of Washington related to diarrheal diseases and grant support to her institution from the National Institutes of Health, Institut Pasteur, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. M. A. W. reports receiving funding from the CDC and Institute of Tropical Medicine. S. M. T. reports multiple grants paid to their institution from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), BMGF, Wellcome Trust, Affinivax, Lumen Biosciences, PATH, and Medical Research Council. They also report payments as royalties related to intellectual property for Salmonella vaccines and Klebsiella/Pseudomonas vaccines; consulting fees and travel support from the University of Washington for a grant proposal. They also report holding multiple planned, issued, and pending patents on Salmonella, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas vaccines; and holds multiple unpaid committee roles with the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.)

Published
2023
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