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Background: The impact of lobectomy versus segmentectomy on body composition changes, particularly adipose tissue, in patients with early-stage lung cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between these surgical approaches and postoperative changes in adipose tissue., Methods: We retrospectively analysed visceral fat area (VFA) and waist circumference (WC) at the L3 level using cross-sectional computed tomography images from 346 recurrence-free patients who underwent lobectomy (n = 240) or segmentectomy (n = 106) for clinical stage 0-I primary lung cancer between January 2016 and December 2018. Long-term postoperative changes in VFA and WC by the third postoperative year (POY3) were compared between the lobectomy and segmentectomy groups using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Risk factors for VFA reduction were identified through multivariable analysis using logistic regression model. Propensity score matching (PSM, 1:1 matching) was also performed to compare VFA and WC changes between the lobectomy and segmentectomy groups., Results: At 6 months postoperatively, VFA and WC decreased by 16.4% and 1.0% in the lobectomy groups, respectively, and increased by 0.1% and 0.2% in the segmentectomy groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively). The two-way repeated measure ANOVA showed that the VFA and WC significantly decreased in the lobectomy group compared with the segmentectomy group within the POY3 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively). Patients with a VFA change of ≥ -13% at POY3 (n = 238) had significantly better OS than those with a change of < -13% (n = 108) (5-year OS rate, 97.7% vs. 93.4%, p = 0.017), and VFA change < -13% at POY3 was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio, 4.14; p = 0.013). Lobectomy was identified as an independent risk factor for a VFA change of < -13% at POY3 (odds ratio, 2.86; p < 0.001). After PSM (n = 93 for each group), VFA and WC significantly decreased in the lobectomy group compared with the lobectomy group within the POY3 (p = 0.009 and p = 0.020, respectively)., Conclusions: In patients with early-stage lung cancer without recurrence, long-term postoperative changes in VFA and WC differed between lobectomy and segmentectomy. Lobectomy resulted in a greater decrease in VFA from 6 months to 3 years postoperatively. In contrast, segmentectomy was associated with neither long-term postoperative VFA nor WC reduction., (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

We report a case of delayed bleeding after video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) that was successfully treated with transcatheter arterial embolization. An 81-year-old woman underwent a pleural biopsy via VATS for pleural dissemination of lung cancer. The postoperative course was good, but 8 days later she was hospitalized for swelling in the right axilla and was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of delayed postoperative hemorrhage. Gauze compression was performed, and the patient was discharged without exacerbation of hematoma. However, 4 days later, she was hospitalized for rapidly worsening swelling and pain. Chest computed tomography at the time of rebleeding showed an increase in the hematoma and extravasation in the peripheral right lateral thoracic artery. The patient was immediately treated with emergency angiography, and coil embolization was performed. After this treatment, the patient has done well and there has been no subsequent recurrence of bleeding., Competing Interests: None declared., (Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. © The Author(s) 2024.)

A 77-year-old man visited a clinic because of nausea and chest discomfort. On blood test, hepatobiliary enzymes were elevated, and he referred to our hospital. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed stenosis of the extrahepatic bile duct and brush cytology of the bile duct showed adenocarcinoma. We therefore performed pancreatoduodenectomy for extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Pathological diagnosis was small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, pT3N2M0, Stage ⅢA. The patient did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy and 3 months later contrast-enhanced CT and MRI showed multiple liver metastases. The patient was treated with cisplatin plus irinotecan in the first-line, cisplatin plus etoposide in the second-line, and amrubicin in the third-line and accordingly he died 1 year and 3 months after the surgery. Chemotherapy for neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bile duct is recommended as in small cell lung cancer, but the prognosis is extremely poor. We report this case with a review of some of the literature.

Olive fruits and leaves are recognized to have great potential as natural sources of antioxidants. The major phenolic antioxidant component in these plant tissues is oleuropein. The antioxidant activity of olive fruits and leaves was evaluated in this study using multiple free-radical scavenging (MULTIS) methods, wherein we determined the scavenging abilities of different extracts against five reactive oxygen species (ROS; HO·, O 2 - ·, RO·, t-BuOO·, and 1 O 2 ). Raw olive fruits taste bitter and are inedible without undergoing a debittering treatment. Following the NaOH-debittering process, the radical scavenging activity of olives decreased by 90%. The MULTIS measurements indicated that oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are responsible for the radical scavenging activity of olive fruits. Furthermore, we evaluated the radical scavenging profiles of olive leaf extracts against five ROS and found significant seasonal variations in their antioxidant activities. Leaves picked in August possessed greater radical scavenging abilities (180% to 410% for different ROS) than those picked in the cold season (December and February). In roasted olive leaves, we found marked increases (230% to 300% and 180% to 220%) in the antioxidant activities of Maillard reaction products against RO· and t-BuOO·, respectively. This study presented a useful comparative analysis of the antioxidant capacities of food against various types of ROS. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this study, we evaluated the natural antioxidant activity of olive fruits and leaves against five reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found characteristic differences in the antioxidant profiles of different olive tissues, which varied after different treatments (debittering [fruit], drying [leaf], and roasting [leaf]). Comparative studies of the antioxidant capacities of foods against various ROS are useful to improve the functionality of food products., (© 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.)

Ginger ( Zingiber officinale Rosc.) root (or rhizome) has been reported to have antioxidant properties such as reactive oxygen species scavenging activities. Using multiple free-radical scavenging method, we have newly determined the scavenging abilities of ginger roots against five reactive oxygen species, i.e., HO • , O 2 -• , RO • , tert -BuOO • , and 1 O 2 . After heating grated ginger roots at 80°C for 2 h, nearly 50% decrease in scavenging ability was recorded against 1 O 2 and tert -BuOO • . Conversely, the O 2 -• scavenging ability increased by about 56% after heat treatment. Based on the antioxidant activity measurement of the ginger's components, i.e., 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and zingerone, active species acting as antioxidant capacity of ginger was shown. Additionally, ginger's antioxidant capacity was quantitatively compared with that of rosemary extract, indicating that rosemary is peroxyl specific scavenger while ginger has higher scavenging ability against HO • and 1 O 2 ., Competing Interests: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

Monoterpenes are major active components of lavender, thyme, and mint. The X-ray radioprotective activity of pure monoterpenes is attributed to their scavenging ability against active species, but so far no firm evidence has been demonstrated. The objective of this study is to quantitatively determine antioxidant abilities of monoterpenes and collate it with radioprotective activity. Using multiple free-radical scavenging (MULTIS) method, we have determined the scavenging abilities of monoterpenes (linalool, thymol, and menthol) against six active species. A previous study has shown that the monoterpene linalool is a radioprotector for cellular systems, therefore, its scavenging ability was compared with known radioprotective agents such as cysteamine and amifostine. Results indicated that the monoterpene menthol but not linalool is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen species and its scavenging magnitude is comparable to cysteamine and amifostine. This paper is first to show a correlation between ROS scavenging ability and radioprotective action., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This investigation demonstrates that the oxygen radical scavenging ability of rosemary leaf extract has significant seasonal variations. The scavenging ability of rosemary leaf extract was quantitatively evaluated for five active oxygen species by using the ESR spin-trapping method. It was found that leaves that were picked in the cold season showed higher scavenging ability than those picked in the warm season. Measurement of the scavenging rate in pure rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid indicated that the scavenging ability in the warm season was mainly derived from rosmarinic acid. In the boiled extract, rosmarinic acid decomposed into caffeic acid. Therefore, a marked increase in the scavenging ability against superoxide and singlet oxygen in the boiled extract is in line with the high activity of caffeic acid. This study demonstrates that the multiple free radical scavenging method can be a useful method in comparative antioxidant capacity studies of plant extracts., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Resveratrol (RSV) analogues have attracted much attention because of the expected health functions including antioxidant activities. We have carried out a quantitative determination of the scavenging abilities of six trans-RSV analogues against various reactive oxygen species and methyl radical (hydroxyl radical, superoxide, alkoxyl radical, peroxyl radical, methyl radical, and singlet oxygen). RSV analogues are in general more potent scavenger than the parent RSV. Furthermore, piceatannol (PIC) having two OH groups in the ortho position of resveratrol was found to show 11 times higher scavenging ability against peroxyl radical than parent resveratrol. With the aid of previous theoretical studies, the enhanced antioxidant ability was interpreted based on the effects of substituent that modifies the original resveratrol structure and function., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Multiple free-radical scavenging (MULTIS) activity in cattle and human sera was evaluated with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Scavenging rates against six active species, namely hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, alkoxyl radical, alkylperoxyl radical, methyl radical, and singlet oxygen were quantified. The difference in the electron spin resonance signal intensity in the presence and absence of the serum was converted into the scavenging rates. Comparative MULTIS measurements were made in sera from eight beef cattle, three fetal calves and fifteen healthy human volunteers. Further, we determined the MULTIS value of albumin, the most abundant component in serum. MULTIS values in cattle sera indicated higher scavenging activity against most free radical species tested than human sera. In particular, cattle serum scavenging activities against superoxide and methyl radical were higher than human serum by 2.6 and 3.7 fold, respectively. In cattle serum, albumin appears to play a dominant role in MULTIS activity, but in human serum that is not the case. Previous data indicated that the abundance of uric acid in bovine blood is nearly 80% less than humans; however, this difference does not explain the deviation in MULTIS profile., Competing Interests: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.

The scavenging rates of DOPA (dl- and l-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine) and Tyr (tyrosine (dl- and l-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)alanine)) against five reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methyl radical were measured with the use of electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping method and the scavenging rate constants of DOPA and Tyr were determined. The scavenging rate constants for multiple active species increased in the order of O2(-)

Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one) is a neuroprotective drug that has been used for brain ischemia injury treatment. Because its activity is speculated to be due to free radical scavenging activity, we carried out a quantitative determination of edaravone's free radical scavenging activity against multiple free radical species. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping-based multiple free-radical scavenging (MULTIS) method was employed, where target free radicals were hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, alkoxyl radical, alkylperoxyl radical, methyl radical, and singlet oxygen. Edaravone showed relatively high scavenging abilities against hydroxyl radical (scavenging rate constant k=2.98×10(11) M(-1) s(-1)), singlet oxygen (k=2.75×10(7) M(-1) s(-1)), and methyl radical (k=3.00×10(7) M(-1) s(-1)). Overall, edaravone's scavenging activity against multiple free radical species is as robust as other known potent antioxidant such as uric acid, glutathione, and trolox. A radar chart illustration of the MULTIS activity relative to uric acid, glutathione, and trolox indicates that edaravone has a high and balanced antioxidant activity with low specificity., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Scavenging rate constants of eight hydrophilic antioxidants, including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, genistein, glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, rutin, trolox, and uric acid against multiple ROS, namely superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and alkoxyl radical were determined with the electron spin resonance method. Direct flash photolysis measurement of the second-order rate constant in the reaction of alkoxyl radical plus the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline N-oxide made it possible to evaluate scavenging rate constants in antioxidants. The magnitudes of scavenging rate constants were notably dependent on the character of each ROS and the overall rate constants were highest in hydroxyl radical scavenging and the lowest in superoxide anion. The highest scavenging rate constant against superoxide anion was obtained by chlorogenic acid (2.9 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)) and the lowest was by N-acetylcysteine (5.0 × 10(2) M(-1) s(-1)). For singlet oxygen, the highest was by glutathione (9.4 × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)) and the lowest was by uric acid (2.3 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)). All other numbers are listed and illustrated. Redox potential measurements of the antioxidants indicated that the antioxidants are likely to react with superoxide anion and singlet oxygen through electron transfer processes.

The association constants (K) for the inclusion complexation of four kinds of cyclodextrins (CDs (β- and γ-), 2,6-di-O-methylated β-CD, and 2,3,6-tri-O-methylated β-CD) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) with 1,8- and 2,6-anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acids (ANSs) were determined from fluorescence spectra enhanced by inclusion. Various CDs and CB[7] form stable 1:1 inclusion complexes with 1,8- and 2,6-ANSs: K=80-11700 M(-1) for 2,6-ANS and 50-195 M(-1) for 1,8-ANS. The high stability of the inclusion complexes of 2,6-ANS with CB[7] and 2,6-di-O-methylated β-CD is shown. Further, we determined the fluorescence quantum yields (Φ values) for the inclusion complexes of ANSs by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer equipped with a half-moon unit. The Φ values of 1,8- and 2,6-ANSs were largely enhanced by the inclusion of methylated β-CDs and did not correlate with the degree of stability (K) of the inclusion complexes. We characterized the structures of the inclusion complexes by 2D ROESY-NMR measurements. In addition, the microenvironmental polarity inside the hydrophobic CD and CB[7] cavities was evaluated using the fluorescence probe 2,6-ANS. Based on the emission mechanism and the aspect of inclusion in a hydrophobic cavity, we have suggested that the microenvironmental polarity and viscosity for the excited state of ANS plays an important role for the Φ values of inclusion complexes., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Relative nitric oxide scavenging rates of water-insoluble lipophilic antioxidants, such as resveratrol and flavonoids were determined using a β-cyclodextrin analog, DM-β-CD (heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin) as a solubilizer. Antioxidant-mediated decrease of NO concentration was measured with the electron spin resonance-based PTIO (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-methylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide) method, from which scavenging rates were calculated. Because both the antioxidant and PTIO form inclusion complex with DM-β-CD, a kinetic treatment was necessary to calculate the scavenging rates. Resveratrol showed the highest NO scavenging rate among the tested antioxidants. The magnitudes of scavenging rates were in the order of: resveratrol>catechin≈myricetin>epicatechin>epigallocatechin gallate>kaempferol. This order is not in agreement with the oxygen radical scavenging rates: i.e., myricetin>epigallocatechin gallate>catechin≈epicatechin>resveratrol>kaempferol. The tested antioxidants showed lower scavenging rates than hydrophilic antioxidants such as uric acid and caffeic acids. Previous redox potential measurement of antioxidants revealed that NO scavenging occurs through non-free radical mechanism, indicating that the scavenging capacity is dependent on the nature of the scavenging reaction., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Recently, we proposed an oxygen radical absorbance capacity method that directly quantifies the antioxidant's scavenging capacity against free radicals and evaluated the radical scavenging abilities for water soluble antioxidant compounds. In this study, we determined the radical scavenging abilities of lipophilic antioxidants which were solubilized by cyclodextrin in water. Commonly employed fluorescence-based method measures the antioxidant's protection capability for the fluorescent probe, while we directly quantify free-radical level using electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping technique. In addition, the spin trapping-based method adopted controlled UV-photolysis of azo-initiator for free radical generation, but in fluorescence-based method, thermal decomposition of azo-initiator was utilized. We determined the radical scavenging abilities of seven well-known lipophilic antioxidants (five flavonoids, resveratrol and astaxanthin), using methylated β-cyclodextrin as a solubilizer. The results indicated that the agreement between spin trapping-based and fluorescence-based values was only fair partly because of a large variation in the previous fluorescence-based data. Typical radical scavenging abilities in trolox equivalent unit are: catechin 0.96; epicatechin 0.94; epigallocatechin gallate 1.3; kaempferol 0.37; myricetin 3.2; resveratrol 0.64; and astaxanthin 0.28, indicating that myricetin possesses the highest antioxidant capacity among the compounds tested. We sorted out the possible causes of the deviation between the two methods.

Nitric oxide (NO)-scavenging capacities of several hydrophilic antioxidants were determined by using the PTIO method, a competitive NO-scavenging method with 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO). Relative NO-scavenging rates of antioxidants were measured with respect to PTIO and the scavenging rate constants were calculated based on PTIO's rate constant. Results indicated that NO-scavenging rate constants of the antioxidants were: uric acid (2.5)>caffeic acid (1.2)>trolox (1.0)>genistein (0.19)>glutathione (0) ≈N-acetylcysteine (0), where the numbers are expressed in trolox equivalent unit. The oxidation potentials of these antioxidants were measured and the order in the magnitude of oxidation potential was in good accordance with NO-scavenging capacity. Based on the results, we have suggested that the primary chemical process of the antioxidant reaction with NO can be characterised with the electron transfer from NO to the antioxidant., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We have developed a simple ESR spin trapping based method for hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging-capacity determination, using iron-free OH radical source. Instead of the widely used Fenton reaction, a short (typically 5 seconds) in situ UV-photolysis of a dilute hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution was employed to generate reproducible amounts of OH radicals. ESR spin trapping was applied to quantify OH radicals; the decrease in the OH radical level due to the specimen's scavenging activity was converted into the OH radical scavenging capacity (rate). The validity of the method was confirmed in pure antioxidants, and the agreement with the previous data was satisfactory. In the second half of this work, the new method was applied to the sera of chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. We show for the first time that after hemodialysis, OH radical scavenging capacity of the CRF serum was restored to the level of healthy control. This method is simple and rapid, and the low concentration hydrogen peroxide is the only chemical added to the system, that could eliminate the complexity of iron-involved Fenton reactions or the use of the pulse-radiolysis system.

A new method is proposed for the evaluation of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The current fluorescence-based ORAC assay (ORAC-FL) is an indirect method that monitors the antioxidant's ability to protect the fluorescent probe from free radical-mediated damage, and an azo-radical initiator, AAPH (2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride), has been used as a thermal free radical source. The new ORAC assay employs a short in situ photolysis of AAPH to generate free radicals. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping method was employed to identify and quantify AAPH radicals. In the presence of antioxidant, the level of AAPH radicals was decreased, and ORAC-EPR values were calculated following a simple kinetic formulation. Alkyl-oxy radical was identified as the sole decomposition product from AAPH; therefore, we concluded that ORAC-FL is the assay equivalent to alkyl-oxy radical scavenging capacity measurement. ORAC-EPR results for several antioxidants and human serum indicated that the overall tendency is in agreement with ORAC-FL, but absolute values showed significant discrepancies. ORAC-EPR is a rapid and simple method that is especially suitable for thermally labile biological specimens because the sample heating is not required for free radical production.

The liquid-phase mercury-photosensitized luminescence of tert-butyl alcohol (TL)-tert-butylamine (TM) mixtures has been investigated by a steady-state illumination method over a wide range of substrate concentrations. The emission bands from exciplexes (HgTL* and HgTM*) between an excited mercury atom and an alcohol or an amine molecule were observed at about 330 nm and 370 nm, respectively, in TL and TM solutions in cyclohexane. Two other bands appeared at 405 nm and 455 nm for TM at high concentrations. These bands were previously assigned to two types of 1:2 exciplexes (HgTM(2)* and HgTM(2)**). In TL-TM mixed solutions, a new band appeared at about 400 nm. The intensity of this band increased with increasing concentrations of TL and TM. This band was attributed to an exciplex with mixed ligands (HgTLTM*). This band was observed for the first time in this study. The energized intermediate, (HgTLTM*)(not equal), formed between HgAL* and AM can be effectively stabilized by collisions with solvent molecules in solution, while it decomposes to HgAM* and AL in the gas phase. The results for TL-TM mixtures can be explained by the proposed reaction mechanism.

Since the endocrine and immune systems share portions of some intracellular signaling pathways, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are considered potential agents for influencing inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated the effect of EDCs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production and NF-kappaB activation in the RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cell line. Five phenol-containing EDCs were investigated, namely bisphenol A (BPA), the alkyl phenols p-n-nonylphenol (NP) and p-n-octylphenol (OP), and the chlorinated phenols 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Our results revealed that these chemicals dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced NO production, as reflected by decreased NO(x) content. The suppressive effects of BPA, NP and OP, but not PCP or DCP, were blocked by the estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor, ICI182780. ELISA-based quantification of the DNA-binding activity of free p65 NF-kappaB showed that LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation was significantly diminished by EDC treatment. Furthermore, immunocytochemical analysis of 8-nitroguanosine, a unique index of NO-mediated signaling, showed that 8-nitroguanosine formation increased in LPS-stimulated cells, but this increase was inhibited by the tested EDCs. These results demonstrate that EDCs suppress NO production and NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated macrophages through ER-dependent (BPA, NP, OP) and -independent (PCP, DCP) pathways. The EDCs further inhibited 8-nitroguanosine formation, suggesting that they interfere with NO-mediated signaling. Thus, EDCs might play important roles in the inflammatory response and host defense system against foreign pathogens.

Initially, the absorbance of MB at 665 nm decreased rapidly with increasing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration, but increased gradually above about 2.3x10(-3) M. However, the absorbance of MB was almost independent of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) concentration. On the other hand, the absorbance of NpO was affected by addition of CTAB in a similar manner to the change in MB-SDS system, but not by addition of SDS. The absorption band of MB showed a small red-shift and a decrease in intensity upon addition of NpO, while that of NpO showed only the decrease in the intensity upon the addition of MB. These spectral changes were attributed to the formation of complexes between these dyes. The effects of anionic and cationic surfactants on the absorption spectra of mixtures of MB and NpO were also examined. Contrary to the effects on the absorption spectrum of MB and NpO, respectively, the absorbances of MB and NpO in the mixtures were changed with the additions of both anionic and cationic surfactants. The spectral changes were explained by changes in the forms of MB and NpO in the solutions with increasing surfactant concentrations.

Using a competitive spin trapping method, relative spin trapping rates were quantified for various short-lived radicals (methyl, ethyl, and phenyl radicals). High static pressure was applied to the competitive spin-trapping system by employing high-pressure electron spin resonance (ESR) equipment. Under high pressure (490 bar), spin trapping rate constants for alkyl and phenyl radicals increased by 10 to 40%, and the increase was dependent on the structure of nitrone spin traps. A maximum increase was obtained when tert-butyl(4-pyridinylmethylene)amine N-oxide (4-POBN) was used as a spin trap. Activation volumes (DeltaDeltaV(double dagger)) for the two spin trapping reactions were calculated to be -17-(-9) cm(3) mol(-1) for the 4-POBN system.

The emission spectra of naphthalene (NP)-triethylamine (TEA) systems were measured under steady-state illumination conditions in some protic and aprotic solvent-tetrahydrofuran (THF) mixtures. The fluorescence spectrum of the NP-TEA system in THF could be separated into two component bands (band A at 329 nm (fluorescence of NP) and band B at 468 nm (emission from an intermolecular exciplex)). The intensities of bands A and B decreased with increasing solvent polarity. The intensity of band B also decreased owing to the hydrogen-bonding interaction between TEA and protic solvents, but in this case the intensity of band A increased. The decrease in the intensity of band A with increasing solvent polarity is considered to be caused by the enhanced formation of an ion-pair parallel to the formation of an exciplex with increasing solvent polarity. The decrease in the intensity of band B is considered to be caused by the enhanced formation of ion-pair both parallel to and through the formation of the exciplex. The increase in the intensity of band A and the decrease in that of band B upon the addition of protic solvents is caused by the decrease in the concentration of free TEA. Acetonitrile only has a polar effect and trichloroacetic acid only has a hydrogen-bonding (protonation) effect, while alcohols have both the effects.