105 results on '"Sudre B"'
Search Results
2. Leptin, Growth and Reproduction
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Aubert, M. L., Sudre, B., Raposinho, P. D., Vauthay, D., Pierroz, D. D., Pralong, F. P., Kordon, Claude, editor, Robinson, Iain, editor, Hanoune, Jacques, editor, Dantzer, Robert, editor, and Christen, Yves, editor
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- 2003
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3. Integrated Packages of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Increased Public Health Response Efficiency Against COVID-19 During the First European Wave: Evidence from 32 European Countries
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Karki T, Benjamin Roche, Andres Garchitorena, Hugo Gruson, Sudre B, and Cazelles B
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Estimation ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Public economics ,Public health ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Declaration ,Preparedness ,medicine ,Business ,Closure (psychology) ,education - Abstract
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, governments have implemented a combination of public health responses based on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), with significant social and economic consequences. Quantifying the efficiency of different NPIs implemented by European countries to overcome the first epidemic wave could inform preparedness for forthcoming waves. We used a dataset compiled by the European Centre for Disease Control (ECDC) on daily COVID-19 incidence, mortality and NPI implementation in 32 European countries. We adapted a capture-recapture method to limit non-reporting bias in incidence data, which we fitted to an age-structured mathematical model coupled with Monte Carlo Markov Chain to quantify the efficiency of 258 public health responses (PHR, a combination of several NPIs) in reducing SARS-Cov-2 transmission rates. From these PHR efficiencies, we used time series analyses to isolate the effect of 13 NPIs at different levels of implementation (fully implemented vs. partially relaxed). Public health responses implemented in Europe led to a median decrease in viral transmission of 71%, enough to suppress the epidemic. PHR efficiency was positively associated with the number of NPIs implemented simultaneously. The largest effect among NPIs was observed for stay at home orders targeted at risk groups (b=0.24, 95%CI 0.16-0.32) and teleworking (b=0.23, 95%CI 0.15-0.31), followed by enforced stay at home orders for the general population, closure of non-essential businesses and services, bans on gatherings of 50 individuals or more, and closure of universities. Partial relaxation of most NPIs resulted in lower than average or non-significant changes in response efficiency. This large-scale estimation of NPI and PHR efficiency against SARS-COV-2 transmission in Europe suggests that a combination of NPIs targeting different population groups should be favored to control future epidemic waves. Funding Statement: HG and BR are supported by a grant from the “Agence Nationale de la Recherche” (ANRDigEpi). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests. Ethics Approval Statement: No ethics approval was necessary.
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- 2020
4. Specialist laboratory networks as preparedness and response tool - the Emerging Viral Diseases-Expert Laboratory Network and the Chikungunya outbreak, Thailand, 2019
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Venturi, G., Aberle, S.W., Avsic-Zupanc, T., Barzon, L, Batejat, C., Burdino, E., Carletti, F., Charrel, R, Christova, I., Connell, J. (John), Corman, V.M. (Victor), Emmanouil, M., Jaaskelainen, A.J., Kurolt, I., Lustig, Y., Martinez, M.J., Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Nagy, O., Nguyen, T., Papa, A, Perez-Ruiz, M., Pfeffer, M., Protic, J., Reimerink, J, Rossini, G., Farinas, M., Schmidt-Chanasit, J. (Jonas), Soderholm, S., Sudre, B., Van Esbroeck, M., Reusken, C.B.E.M. (Chantal), Venturi, G., Aberle, S.W., Avsic-Zupanc, T., Barzon, L, Batejat, C., Burdino, E., Carletti, F., Charrel, R, Christova, I., Connell, J. (John), Corman, V.M. (Victor), Emmanouil, M., Jaaskelainen, A.J., Kurolt, I., Lustig, Y., Martinez, M.J., Koopmans D.V.M., M.P.G. (Marion), Nagy, O., Nguyen, T., Papa, A, Perez-Ruiz, M., Pfeffer, M., Protic, J., Reimerink, J, Rossini, G., Farinas, M., Schmidt-Chanasit, J. (Jonas), Soderholm, S., Sudre, B., Van Esbroeck, M., and Reusken, C.B.E.M. (Chantal)
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- 2020
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5. Specialist laboratory networks as preparedness and response tool - the Emerging Viral Diseases-Expert Laboratory Network and the Chikungunya outbreak, Thailand, 2019
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Venturi, G, Aberle, SW, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Barzon, L, Batejat, C, Burdino, E, Carletti, F, Charrel, R, Christova, I, Connell, J, Corman, VM, Emmanouil, M, Jaaskelainen, AJ, Kurolt, I, Lustig, Y, Martinez, MJ, Koopmans, M, Nagy, O, Nguyen, T, Papa, A, Perez-Ruiz, M, Pfeffer, M, Protic, J, Reimerink, J, Rossini, G, Farinas, M, Schmidt-Chanasit, J, Soderholm, S, Sudre, B, Van Esbroeck, M, Reusken, Chantal, Venturi, G, Aberle, SW, Avsic-Zupanc, T, Barzon, L, Batejat, C, Burdino, E, Carletti, F, Charrel, R, Christova, I, Connell, J, Corman, VM, Emmanouil, M, Jaaskelainen, AJ, Kurolt, I, Lustig, Y, Martinez, MJ, Koopmans, M, Nagy, O, Nguyen, T, Papa, A, Perez-Ruiz, M, Pfeffer, M, Protic, J, Reimerink, J, Rossini, G, Farinas, M, Schmidt-Chanasit, J, Soderholm, S, Sudre, B, Van Esbroeck, M, and Reusken, Chantal
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- 2020
6. Description of the targeted WASH response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Kinshasa, DRC
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Bompangue, D., primary, Moore, S., additional, Taty, N., additional, Ipouma, B., additional, Sudre, B., additional, Manda, R., additional, Balde, T., additional, Mboussou, F., additional, and Vandevelde, T., additional
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- 2020
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7. Exposure to moulds and actinomycetes in Alpine farms: A nested environmental study of the PASTURE cohort
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Roussel, S., Sudre, B., Reboux, G., Waser, M., Buchele, G., Vacheyrou, M., Dalphin, J. C., Millon, L., Braun-Fahrländer, C., von Mutius, E., and Piarroux, R.
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- 2011
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8. High levels of grass pollen inside European dairy farms: a role for the allergy-protective effects of environment?
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Sudre, B., Vacheyrou, M., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Normand, A.-C., Waser, M., Reboux, G., Ruffaldi, P., von Mutius, E., and Piarroux, R.
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- 2009
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9. Exploring Campylobacter seasonality across Europe (2008-2016) using The European Surveillance System TESSy
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Lake, Iain, Colon Gonzalez, Felipe De Jesus, Takkinen, Johanna, Rossi, M, Sudre, B, Gomez Dias, J, Tavoschi, L, Joshi, Anuja, Semenza, Jan, and Nichols, Gordon
- Abstract
Background: Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported food-borne infection in the European Union, with an annual number of cases estimated at around 9 million. In many countries, campylobacteriosis has a striking seasonal peak during early/ mid-summer. In the early 2000s, several publications reported on campylobacteriosis seasonality across Europe and associations with temperature and precipitation. Subsequently, many European countries have introduced new measures against this foodborne disease. Aim: To examine how the seasonality of campylobacteriosis varied across Europe from 2008–16, to explore associations with temperature and precipitation, and to compare these results with previous studies. We also sought to assess the utility of the European Surveillance System TESSy for cross-European seasonal analysis of campylobacteriosis. Methods: Ward’s Minimum Variance Clustering was used to group countries with similar seasonal patterns of campylobacteriosis. A two-stage multivariate meta-analysis methodology was used to explore associations with temperature and precipitation. Results: Nordic countries had a pronounced seasonal campylobacteriosis peak in mid-to late summer (weeks 29–32), while most other European countries had a less pronounced peak earlier in the year. The United Kingdom, Ireland, Hungary and Slovakia had a slightly earlier peak (week 24). Campylobacteriosis cases were positively associated with temperature and, to a lesser degree, precipitation. Conclusion: Across Europe, the strength and timing of campylobacteriosis peaks have remained similar to those observed previously. In addition, TESSy is a useful resource for cross-Euro-pean seasonal analysis of infectious diseases such as campylobacteriosis, but its utility depends upon each country’s reporting infrastructure.
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- 2019
10. Exploring Campylobacter seasonality across Europe using The European Surveillance System (TESSy), 2008 to 2016
- Author
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Lake, IR, Colón-González, FJ, Takkinen, J, Rossi, M, Sudre, B, Dias, J Gomes, Tavoschi, L, Joshi, A, Semenza, JC, and Nichols, G
- Abstract
BackgroundCampylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported food-borne infection in the European Union, with an annual number of cases estimated at around 9 million. In many countries, campylobacteriosis has a striking seasonal peak during early/mid-summer. In the early 2000s, several publications reported on campylobacteriosis seasonality across Europe and associations with temperature and precipitation. Subsequently, many European countries have introduced new measures against this food-borne disease.AimTo examine how the seasonality of campylobacteriosis varied across Europe from 2008-16, to explore associations with temperature and precipitation, and to compare these results with previous studies. We also sought to assess the utility of the European Surveillance System TESSy for cross-European seasonal analysis of campylobacteriosis.MethodsWard's Minimum Variance Clustering was used to group countries with similar seasonal patterns of campylobacteriosis. A two-stage multivariate meta-analysis methodology was used to explore associations with temperature and precipitation.ResultsNordic countries had a pronounced seasonal campylobacteriosis peak in mid- to late summer (weeks 29-32), while most other European countries had a less pronounced peak earlier in the year. The United Kingdom, Ireland, Hungary and Slovakia had a slightly earlier peak (week 24). Campylobacteriosis cases were positively associated with temperature and, to a lesser degree, precipitation.ConclusionAcross Europe, the strength and timing of campylobacteriosis peaks have remained similar to those observed previously. In addition, TESSy is a useful resource for cross-European seasonal analysis of infectious diseases such as campylobacteriosis, but its utility depends upon each country's reporting infrastructure.
- Published
- 2019
11. Leptin, Growth and Reproduction
- Author
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Aubert, M. L., primary, Sudre, B., additional, Raposinho, P. D., additional, Vauthay, D., additional, Pierroz, D. D., additional, and Pralong, F. P., additional
- Published
- 2002
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12. Exploring Campylobacter seasonality across Europe using The European Surveillance System (TESSy), 2008 to 2016
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Lake, IR, primary, Colón-González, FJ, additional, Takkinen, J, additional, Rossi, M, additional, Sudre, B, additional, Dias, J Gomes, additional, Tavoschi, L, additional, Joshi, A, additional, Semenza, JC, additional, and Nichols, G, additional
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- 2019
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13. Network visualization for outbreak response: Mapping the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) chains of transmission in N'Zérékoré, Guinea
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Valencia, C., primary, Bah, H., additional, Fatoumata, B., additional, Rodier, G., additional, Diallo, B., additional, Koné, M., additional, Giese, C., additional, Conde, L., additional, Malano, E., additional, Mollet, T., additional, Jansa, J., additional, Coulombier, D., additional, and Sudre, B., additional
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- 2017
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14. Airborne cultivable microflora and microbial transfer in farm buildings and rural dwellings
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Normand, A.C., Sudre, B., Vacheyrou, M., Depner, M., Wouters, I.M., Noss, I., Heederik, D., Hyvarinen, A., Genuneit, J., Braun-Fahrlander, C., von Mutius, E., Piarroux, R., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, and Dep IRAS
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Childhood asthma ,Ecology ,Indoor air ,animal diseases ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Coronacrisis-Taverne ,Fungi ,Agriculture ,Dust ,Environmental Exposure ,Rural Health ,complex mixtures ,Housing, Animal ,Toxicology ,Geography ,Lung disease ,Flora (microbiology) ,Animals, Domestic ,Case-Control Studies ,Housing ,Animals ,Humans ,Child - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Exposure to environments rich in microorganisms such as farms has been shown to protect against the development of childhood asthma and allergies. However, it remains unclear where, and how, farm and other rural children are exposed to microbes. Furthermore, the composition of the microbial flora is poorly characterised. We tested the hypothesis that farm children are exposed indoors to substantial levels of viable microbes originating from animal sheds and barns. We also expected that environmental microbial flora on farms and in farm homes would be more complex than in the homes of rural control children. METHODS: Dust samples were collected using passive samplers in the bedrooms of the following groups of children in rural Bavaria, Germany: (i) those living on farms (n=144), (ii) those regularly exposed to farm environments but not living on farms (n=149) and (iii) those never visiting farms (n=150). For farm children, additional samples were collected in animal sheds and barns. All samples were subjected to fungal and bacterial culturing. RESULTS: Detectable levels of microorganisms were more often found in samples taken from farm dwellings than from other homes. Farm dwellings also showed higher microbial levels. Microbial counts of farm dwelling samples correlated with the counts in corresponding animal sheds and barns. CONCLUSIONS: Microorganisms are transported from animal sheds and barns into farm dwellings. Therefore, children living in these environments are exposed when indoors and when visiting animal sheds and barns. Indoor exposure may also contribute to the protective effect of the farm environment.
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- 2011
15. Climate Change Projections of West Nile Virus Infections: Implications for Blood Safety Practices
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Semenza, JC, primary, Tran, A, additional, Espinosa, L, additional, Sudre, B, additional, Domanovic, D, additional, and Paz, S, additional
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- 2015
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16. Waterborne outbreaks in the Nordic countries, 1998 to 2012
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Guzman-Herrador, B, primary, Carlander, A, additional, Ethelberg, S, additional, Freiesleben de Blasio, B, additional, Kuusi, M, additional, Lund, V, additional, Löfdahl, M, additional, MacDonald, E, additional, Nichols, G, additional, Schönning, C, additional, Sudre, B, additional, Trönnberg, L, additional, Vold, L, additional, Semenza, J C, additional, and Nygård, K, additional
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- 2015
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17. Surveillance of Zika virus infection in the EU/EEA, June 2015 to January 2017.
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Spiteri, G., Sudre, B., Septfons, A., and Beauté, J.
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- 2017
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18. Letter to the editor: Early transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease (EVD), West Africa, March to August 2014 – Eurosurveillance 17 September 2014
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Plachouras, D, primary, Sudre, B, additional, Testa, M, additional, Robesyn, E, additional, and Coulombier, D, additional
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- 2014
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19. Chikungunya outbreak in the Caribbean region, December 2013 to March 2014, and the significance for Europe
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Van Bortel, W, primary, Dorleans, F, additional, Rosine, J, additional, Blateau, A, additional, Rousset, D, additional, Matheus, S, additional, Leparc-Goffart, I, additional, Flusin, O, additional, Prat, C M, additional, Césaire, R, additional, Najioullah, F, additional, Ardillon, V, additional, Balleydier, E, additional, Carvalho, L, additional, Lemaître, A, additional, Noël, H, additional, Servas, V, additional, Six, C, additional, Zurbaran, M, additional, Léon, L, additional, Guinard, A, additional, van den Kerkhof, J, additional, Henry, M, additional, Fanoy, E, additional, Braks, M, additional, Reimerink, J, additional, Swaan, C, additional, Georges, R, additional, Brooks, L, additional, Freedman, J, additional, Sudre, B, additional, and Zeller, H, additional
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- 2014
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20. Airborne cultivable microflora and microbial transfer in farm buildings and rural dwellings
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Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Normand, A.C., Sudre, B., Vacheyrou, M., Depner, M., Wouters, I.M., Noss, I., Heederik, D., Hyvarinen, A., Genuneit, J., Braun-Fahrlander, C., von Mutius, E., Piarroux, R., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Normand, A.C., Sudre, B., Vacheyrou, M., Depner, M., Wouters, I.M., Noss, I., Heederik, D., Hyvarinen, A., Genuneit, J., Braun-Fahrlander, C., von Mutius, E., and Piarroux, R.
- Published
- 2011
21. Assessment of dust sampling methods for the study of cultivable-microorganism exposure in stables.
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Normand, A.C., Vacheyrou, M., Sudre, B., Heederik, D., Piarroux, R., Normand, A.C., Vacheyrou, M., Sudre, B., Heederik, D., and Piarroux, R.
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- 2009
22. Assessment of dust sampling methods for the study of cultivable-microorganism exposure in stables.
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Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Normand, A.C., Vacheyrou, M., Sudre, B., Heederik, D., Piarroux, R., Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, Dep IRAS, Normand, A.C., Vacheyrou, M., Sudre, B., Heederik, D., and Piarroux, R.
- Published
- 2009
23. Taking stock of the first 133 MERS coronavirus cases globally – Is the epidemic changing?
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Penttinen, P M, primary, Kaasik-Aaslav, K, additional, Friaux, A, additional, Donachie, A, additional, Sudre, B, additional, Amato-Gauci, A J, additional, Memish, Z A, additional, and Coulombier, D, additional
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- 2013
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24. Diagnostic value of serum precipitins to mould antigens in active hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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Fenoglio, C-M., primary, Reboux, G., additional, Sudre, B., additional, Mercier, M., additional, Roussel, S., additional, Cordier, J-F., additional, Piarroux, R., additional, and Dalphin, J-C., additional
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- 2007
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25. Dust And Airborne Concentrations Of Endotoxins In Strasbourg And In A Rural Environment (Haut-Doubs)
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de Blay, F., primary, Reboux, G., additional, Casset, A., additional, Roussel, S., additional, Humbert, K., additional, Sudre, B., additional, Piarroux, R., additional, and Dalphin, J., additional
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- 2007
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26. Dynamics of cholera outbreaks in Great Lakes region of Africa, 1978-2008.
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Nkoko DB, Giraudoux P, Plisnier PD, Tinda AM, Piarroux M, Sudre B, Horion S, Tamfum JJ, Ilunga BK, Piarroux R, Bompangue Nkoko, Didier, Giraudoux, Patrick, Plisnier, Pierre-Denis, Tinda, Annie Mutombo, Piarroux, Martine, Sudre, Bertrand, Horion, Stephanie, Tamfum, Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Ilunga, Benoît Kebela, and Piarroux, Renaud
- Abstract
Cholera outbreaks have occurred in Burundi, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya almost every year since 1977-1978, when the disease emerged in these countries. We used a multiscale, geographic information system-based approach to assess the link between cholera outbreaks, climate, and environmental variables. We performed time-series analyses and field investigations in the main affected areas. Results showed that cholera greatly increased during El Nino warm events (abnormally warm El Ninos) but decreased or remained stable between these events. Most epidemics occurred in a few hotspots in lakeside areas, where the weekly incidence of cholera varied by season, rainfall, fluctuations of plankton, and fishing activities. During lull periods, persistence of cholera was explained by outbreak dynamics, which suggested a metapopulation pattern, and by endemic foci around the lakes. These links between cholera outbreaks, climate, and lake environments need additional, multidisciplinary study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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27. Lakes as source of cholera outbreaks, Democratic Republic of Congo.
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Bompangue D, Giraudoux P, Handschumacher P, Piarroux M, Sudre B, Ekwanzala M, Kebela I, Piarroux R, Bompangue, Didier, Giraudoux, Patrick, Handschumacher, Pascal, Piarroux, Martine, Sudre, Bertrand, Ekwanzala, Mosiana, Kebela, Ilunga, and Piarroux, Renaud
- Abstract
We studied the epidemiology of cholera in Katanga and Eastern Kasai, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, by compiling a database including all cases recorded from 2000 through 2005. Results show that lakes were the sources of outbreaks and demonstrate the inadequacy of the strategy used to combat cholera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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28. Early transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease (EVD), West Africa, March to August 2014 - Euro surveillance 17 September 2014
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Diamantis Plachouras, Sudre B, Testa M, Robesyn E, and Coulombier D
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Humans ,Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ,Ebolavirus ,Disease Outbreaks
29. High levels of grass pollen inside European dairy farms: a role for the allergy-protective effects of environment?
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Sudre, B, Vacheyrou, M, Braun-Fahrländer, C, Normand, A-C, Waser, M, Reboux, G, Ruffaldi, P, von Mutius, E, Piarroux, R, and Sennhauser, F H
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger
30. ECDC launches the Geoportal for the European Environment and Epidemiology (E3) Network.
- Author
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Sudre, B.
- Published
- 2013
31. Comparison of analysis methods to classify cholera hotspots in Ethiopia from 2015 to 2021.
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Demlie YW, Moore S, Dunoyer J, Muluneh D, Hussen M, Wossen M, Edosa M, and Sudre B
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- Child, Humans, Ethiopia epidemiology, Public Health, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Sanitation, Cholera epidemiology, Cholera prevention & control
- Abstract
Cholera continues to represent a major public health concern in Ethiopia. The country has developed a Multi-sectoral National Cholera Elimination Plan in 2022, which targets prevention and control interventions in cholera hotspots. Multiple methods to classify cholera hotspots have been used in several countries. Since 2014, a classification method developed by United Nations Children's Fund has been applied to guide water, sanitation and hygiene interventions throughout Sub-Saharan Africa based on three outbreak parameters: frequency, duration and standardized attack rate. In 2019, the Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) proposed a method based on two parameters: average annual cholera incidence and persistence. In 2023, an updated GTFCC method for multisectoral interventions considers three epidemiological indicators (cumulative incidence, cumulative mortality and persistence,) and a cholera-case confirmation indicator. The current study aimed to classify cholera hotspots in Ethiopia at the woreda level (equivalent to district level) applying the three methods and comparing the results to optimize the hotspot targeting strategy. From 2015 to 2021, cholera hotspots were located along major routes between Addis Ababa and woredas adjacent to the Kenya and Somalia borders, throughout Tigray Region, around Lake Tana, and in Afar Region. The multi-method comparison enables decision makers to prioritize interventions according to a sub-classification of the highest-priority areas., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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32. Spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera epidemics in Ethiopia: 2015-2021.
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Moore S, Worku Demlie Y, Muluneh D, Dunoyer J, Hussen M, Wossen M, Edosa M, and Sudre B
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- Humans, Ethiopia epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Kenya, Pandemics, Cholera, Epidemics
- Abstract
Since the onset of the seventh cholera pandemic, Ethiopia has been affected by recurrent epidemics. However, the epidemiology of cholera in this country remains poorly understood. This study aimed to describe cholera outbreak characteristics in Ethiopia from 2015 to 2021. During this period, Ethiopia experienced four epidemic waves. The first wave involved nationwide outbreaks during the second half of 2016 followed by outbreaks predominantly affecting Somali Region in 2017. The second wave primarily affected Tigray and Afar Regions. During the third wave, multiple smaller-scale outbreaks occurred during 2019. The fourth wave was limited to Bale Zone (Oromia Region) in 2021. Overall, a north to south shift was observed over the course of the study period. Major cholera transmission factors included limited access to safe water and sanitation facilities. Severe weather events (drought and flooding) appear to aggravate cholera diffusion. Cholera transmission between Ethiopia and nearby countries (Kenya and Somalia), likely plays a major role in regional cholera dynamics. Overall, this study provides the first understanding of recent spatiotemporal cholera dynamics in Ethiopia to inform cholera control and elimination strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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33. Enhancing Preparedness for Arbovirus Infections with a One Health Approach: The Development and Implementation of Multisectoral Risk Assessment Exercises.
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Dente MG, Riccardo F, Van Bortel W, Marrama L, Mollet T, Derrough T, Sudre B, Calistri P, Nacca G, Ranghiasci A, Escadafal C, Gaayeb L, Guillot A, Jiménez-Clavero MA, Manuguerra JC, Mikaty G, Picard M, Fernández-Pinero J, Pérez-Ramírez E, Robert V, Victoir K, and Declich S
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Risk Assessment, Arbovirus Infections epidemiology, Arbovirus Infections prevention & control, Global Health, One Health
- Abstract
Background: One Health is receiving attention for arbovirus infection prevention and control and for defining national "intersectoral" priorities. Increasing awareness of intersectoral priorities through multisectorial risk assessments (MRA) is promising, where data are not systematically shared between sectors. Towards this aim, the MediLabSecure project organized three MRA exercises (hereby called exercises): one on West Nile virus, one on Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, and one on Rift Valley fever, assessing the added value of this approach., Methods: The exercises relied on RA methodologies of international organisations. Country representatives of the human and animal virology, medical entomology, and public health sectors (hereby called "sectors") involved in the surveillance of vector-borne diseases participated in the exercises. Background documentation was provided before each exercise, and a guide was developed for the facilitators. All three exercises included technical and methodological presentations and a guided RA directed at bringing into play the different sectors involved. To assess the added value of the approach, each participant was asked to rank the level of perceived benefit of the multisectoral collaboration for each "risk question" included in the exercises., Results: In total, 195 participants from 19 non-EU countries in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions took part in the exercises. The participants assessed the multisectoral approach as valuable in analysing comprehensively the situation by having access to information and knowledge provided by each of the sectors involved. Sharing of information and discussion facilitated reaching a consensus on the level of risk in each country., Conclusions: Increasing awareness of intersectoral priorities, including cross-border ones, through MRA is relevant to reduce gaps due to unavailability of shared data and information. Given that six out of the ten threats to global health listed by WHO are occurring at the human-animal-environmental interfaces, comprehensive regional RA with a One Health approach made by national authorities can be a relevant added value for the global health security., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2020 Maria Grazia Dente et al.)
- Published
- 2020
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34. Specialist laboratory networks as preparedness and response tool - the Emerging Viral Diseases-Expert Laboratory Network and the Chikungunya outbreak, Thailand, 2019.
- Author
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Venturi G, Aberle SW, Avšič-Županc T, Barzon L, Batejat C, Burdino E, Carletti F, Charrel R, Christova I, Connell J, Corman VM, Emmanouil M, Jääskeläinen AJ, Kurolt I, Lustig Y, Martinez MJ, Koopmans M, Nagy O, Nguyen T, Papa A, Pérez-Ruiz M, Pfeffer M, Protic J, Reimerink J, Rossini G, Sánchez-Seco Fariñas MP, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Söderholm S, Sudre B, Van Esbroeck M, and Reusken CB
- Subjects
- Chikungunya Fever diagnosis, Disease Notification, Humans, Laboratories organization & administration, Phylogeny, Thailand epidemiology, Travel, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Chikungunya virus isolation & purification, Communicable Diseases, Emerging prevention & control, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Laboratories standards
- Abstract
We illustrate the potential for specialist laboratory networks to be used as preparedness and response tool through rapid collection and sharing of data. Here, the Emerging Viral Diseases-Expert Laboratory Network (EVD-LabNet) and a laboratory assessment of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in returning European travellers related to an ongoing outbreak in Thailand was used for this purpose. EVD-LabNet rapidly collected data on laboratory requests, diagnosed CHIKV imported cases and sequences generated, and shared among its members and with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Data across the network showed an increase in CHIKV imported cases during 1 October 2018-30 April 2019 vs the same period in 2018 (172 vs 50), particularly an increase in cases known to be related to travel to Thailand (72 vs 1). Moreover, EVD-LabNet showed that strains were imported from Thailand that cluster with strains of the ECSA-IOL E1 A226 variant emerging in Pakistan in 2016 and involved in the 2017 outbreaks in Italy. CHIKV diagnostic requests increased by 23.6% between the two periods. The impact of using EVD-LabNet or similar networks as preparedness and response tool could be improved by standardisation of the collection, quality and mining of data in routine laboratory management systems.
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- 2020
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35. Description of the targeted water supply and hygiene response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Kinshasa, DRC.
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Bompangue D, Moore S, Taty N, Impouma B, Sudre B, Manda R, Balde T, Mboussou F, and Vandevelde T
- Subjects
- Cholera prevention & control, Cities, Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Drinking Water chemistry, Drinking Water microbiology, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Hygiene, Infection Control methods, Male, Water Purification, Cholera epidemiology, Water Supply methods
- Abstract
Background: Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban areas. During late-2017, Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, experienced a cholera outbreak that showed potential to spread throughout the city. A novel targeted water and hygiene response strategy was implemented to quickly stem the outbreak., Methods: We describe the first implementation of the cluster grid response strategy carried out in the community during the cholera outbreak in Kinshasa, in which response activities targeted cholera case clusters using a grid approach. Interventions focused on emergency water supply, household water treatment and safe storage, home disinfection and hygiene promotion. We also performed a preliminary community trial study to assess the temporal pattern of the outbreak before and after response interventions were implemented. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the outbreak using epidemic curves and maps., Results: From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the most affected health zones included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. Following implementation of the response strategy, the weekly cholera case numbers in Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté decreased by an average of 57% after 2 weeks and 86% after 4 weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% 4 weeks after the peak of the outbreak., Conclusion: During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa experienced a sharp increase in cholera case numbers. To contain the outbreak, water supply and hygiene response interventions targeted case households, nearby neighbors and public areas in case clusters using a grid approach. Following implementation of the response, the outbreak in Kinshasa was quickly brought under control. A similar approach may be adapted to quickly interrupt cholera transmission in other urban settings.
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- 2020
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36. Using Big Data to Monitor the Introduction and Spread of Chikungunya, Europe, 2017.
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Rocklöv J, Tozan Y, Ramadona A, Sewe MO, Sudre B, Garrido J, de Saint Lary CB, Lohr W, and Semenza JC
- Subjects
- Aedes virology, Animals, Chikungunya Fever history, Chikungunya Fever virology, Climate, Communicable Diseases, Emerging epidemiology, Communicable Diseases, Emerging history, Communicable Diseases, Emerging transmission, Communicable Diseases, Emerging virology, Data Mining, Disease Outbreaks, Europe epidemiology, Geography, Medical, History, 21st Century, Humans, Mosquito Vectors virology, Population Dynamics, Public Health Surveillance, Seasons, Big Data, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Chikungunya Fever transmission, Chikungunya virus
- Abstract
With regard to fully harvesting the potential of big data, public health lags behind other fields. To determine this potential, we applied big data (air passenger volume from international areas with active chikungunya transmission, Twitter data, and vectorial capacity estimates of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes) to the 2017 chikungunya outbreaks in Europe to assess the risks for virus transmission, virus importation, and short-range dispersion from the outbreak foci. We found that indicators based on voluminous and velocious data can help identify virus dispersion from outbreak foci and that vector abundance and vectorial capacity estimates can provide information on local climate suitability for mosquitoborne outbreaks. In contrast, more established indicators based on Wikipedia and Google Trends search strings were less timely. We found that a combination of novel and disparate datasets can be used in real time to prevent and control emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.
- Published
- 2019
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37. Early start of the West Nile fever transmission season 2018 in Europe.
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Haussig JM, Young JJ, Gossner CM, Mezei E, Bella A, Sirbu A, Pervanidou D, Drakulovic MB, and Sudre B
- Subjects
- Animals, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Mosquito Vectors, Seasons, Sentinel Surveillance, West Nile Fever epidemiology, West Nile Fever virology, Culicidae virology, Disease Notification statistics & numerical data, Disease Outbreaks, Population Surveillance methods, West Nile Fever diagnosis, West Nile Fever transmission, West Nile virus isolation & purification
- Abstract
In Europe, surveillance indicates that the 2018 West Nile fever transmission season started earlier than in previous years and with a steeper increase of locally-acquired human infections. Between 2014 and 2017, European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and EU enlargement countries notified five to 25 cases in weeks 25 to 31 compared with 168 cases in 2018. Clinicians and public health authorities should be alerted to ensure timely implementation of prevention measures including blood safety measures.
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- 2018
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38. Mapping the burden of cholera in sub-Saharan Africa and implications for control: an analysis of data across geographical scales.
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Lessler J, Moore SM, Luquero FJ, McKay HS, Grais R, Henkens M, Mengel M, Dunoyer J, M'bangombe M, Lee EC, Djingarey MH, Sudre B, Bompangue D, Fraser RSM, Abubakar A, Perea W, Legros D, and Azman AS
- Subjects
- Africa South of the Sahara epidemiology, Demography, Humans, Incidence, Markov Chains, Mass Vaccination, Population Density, Sanitation, Cholera epidemiology, Cholera prevention & control, Vaccination methods
- Abstract
Background: Cholera remains a persistent health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide. Cholera can be controlled through appropriate water and sanitation, or by oral cholera vaccination, which provides transient (∼3 years) protection, although vaccine supplies remain scarce. We aimed to map cholera burden in sub-Saharan Africa and assess how geographical targeting could lead to more efficient interventions., Methods: We combined information on cholera incidence in sub-Saharan Africa (excluding Djibouti and Eritrea) from 2010 to 2016 from datasets from WHO, Médecins Sans Frontières, ProMED, ReliefWeb, ministries of health, and the scientific literature. We divided the study region into 20 km × 20 km grid cells and modelled annual cholera incidence in each grid cell assuming a Poisson process adjusted for covariates and spatially correlated random effects. We combined these findings with data on population distribution to estimate the number of people living in areas of high cholera incidence (>1 case per 1000 people per year). We further estimated the reduction in cholera incidence that could be achieved by targeting cholera prevention and control interventions at areas of high cholera incidence., Findings: We included 279 datasets covering 2283 locations in our analyses. In sub-Saharan Africa (excluding Djibouti and Eritrea), a mean of 141 918 cholera cases (95% credible interval [CrI] 141 538-146 505) were reported per year. 4·0% (95% CrI 1·7-16·8) of districts, home to 87·2 million people (95% CrI 60·3 million to 118·9 million), have high cholera incidence. By focusing on the highest incidence districts first, effective targeted interventions could eliminate 50% of the region's cholera by covering 35·3 million people (95% CrI 26·3 million to 62·0 million), which is less than 4% of the total population., Interpretation: Although cholera occurs throughout sub-Saharan Africa, its highest incidence is concentrated in a small proportion of the continent. Prioritising high-risk areas could substantially increase the efficiency of cholera control programmes., Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation., (Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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39. epicontacts: Handling, visualisation and analysis of epidemiological contacts.
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Nagraj VP, Randhawa N, Campbell F, Crellen T, Sudre B, and Jombart T
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- Humans, Disease Outbreaks, Software
- Abstract
Epidemiological outbreak data is often captured in line list and contact format to facilitate contact tracing for outbreak control. epicontacts is an R package that provides a unique data structure for combining these data into a single object in order to facilitate more efficient visualisation and analysis. The package incorporates interactive visualisation functionality as well as network analysis techniques. Originally developed as part of the Hackout3 event, it is now developed, maintained and featured as part of the R Epidemics Consortium (RECON). The package is available for download from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) and GitHub., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed.
- Published
- 2018
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40. Increased risk of yellow fever infections among unvaccinated European travellers due to ongoing outbreak in Brazil, July 2017 to March 2018.
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Gossner CM, Haussig JM, de Bellegarde de Saint Lary C, Kaasik Aaslav K, Schlagenhauf P, and Sudre B
- Subjects
- Brazil epidemiology, Humans, Travel-Related Illness, Vaccination, Yellow Fever epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Travel, Yellow Fever diagnosis
- Abstract
Since December 2016, Brazil has faced a large outbreak of yellow fever with ca 1,500 confirmed human cases. In the first 2 months of 2018, Brazil reported almost as many cases as in 2017 as a whole. In these 2 months, five imported cases were reported among unvaccinated European travellers. Three had travelled to Ilha Grande, a popular destination among European tourists. Physicians and European travellers visiting Brazil should follow yellow fever vaccination recommendations.
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- 2018
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41. Temporo-spatial dynamics and behavioural patterns of 2012 cholera epidemic in the African mega-city of Conakry, Guinea.
- Author
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Blake A, Keita VS, Sauvageot D, Saliou M, Njanpop BM, Sory F, Sudre B, Lamine K, Mengel M, Gessner BD, and Sakoba K
- Subjects
- Adult, Epidemics, Female, Guinea epidemiology, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Spatial Analysis, Young Adult, Cholera epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Cholera is endemic in Guinea, having suffered consecutive outbreaks from 2004 to 2008 followed by a lull until the 2012 epidemic. Here we describe the temporal-spatial and behavioural characteristics of cholera cases in Conakry during a three-year period, including the large-scale 2012 epidemic., Methods: We used the national and African Cholera Surveillance Network (Africhol) surveillance data collected from every cholera treatment centre in Conakry city from August 2011 to December 2013. The prevalence of suspect and confirmed cholera cases, the case fatality ratio (CFR), and the factors associated with suspected cholera were described according to three periods: pre-epidemic (A), epidemic 2012 (B) and post epidemic (C). Weekly attack rates and temporal-spatial clustering were calculated at municipality level for period B. Cholera was confirmed by culture at the cholera national reference laboratory., Results: A total of 4559 suspect cases were reported: 66, 4437, and 66 suspect cases in periods A, B and C, respectively. Among the 204 suspect cases with culture results available, 6%, 60%, and 70% were confirmed in periods A, B, and C, respectively. With 0.3%, the CFR was significantly lower in period B than in periods A (7.6%) and C (7.1%). The overall attack rate was 0.28% in period B, ranging from 0.17% to 0.31% across municipalities. Concomitantly, a cluster of cases was identified in two districts in the northern part of Conakry. At 14%, rice water stools were less frequent in period A than in period B and C (78% and 84%). Dehydration (31% vs 94% and 89%) and coma (0.4% vs 3.1% and 2.9%) were lower during period B than in periods A and C. The treatment of drinking water was less frequent in period A, while there were more reports of recent travel in period C., Conclusions: The epidemic dynamic and the sociological description of suspect cases before, during, and after the large-scale epidemic revealed that the Vibrio cholerae was already present before the epidemic. However, it appeared that infected individuals reacted differently in terms of disease severity as well as their access to treated water and travel habits. Such an in-depth description of cholera epidemics should be systematically carried out in cholera endemic settings in order to prioritize higher risk areas, identify transmission factors, and optimize preventive interventions.
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- 2018
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42. Ecologic Features of Plague Outbreak Areas, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2004-2014.
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Abedi AA, Shako JC, Gaudart J, Sudre B, Ilunga BK, Shamamba SKB, Diatta G, Davoust B, Tamfum JM, Piarroux R, and Piarroux M
- Subjects
- Animals, Democratic Republic of the Congo epidemiology, Forests, Humans, Mining, Occupational Exposure, Population Surveillance, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Zoonoses, Disease Outbreaks, Plague epidemiology
- Abstract
During 2004-2014, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) declared 54% of plague cases worldwide. Using national data, we characterized the epidemiology of human plague in DRC for this period. All 4,630 suspected human plague cases and 349 deaths recorded in DRC came from Orientale Province. Pneumonic plague cases (8.8% of total) occurred during 2 major outbreaks in mining camps in the equatorial forest, and some limited outbreaks occurred in the Ituri highlands. Epidemics originated in 5 health zones clustered in Ituri, where sporadic bubonic cases were recorded throughout every year. Classification and regression tree characterized this cluster by the dominance of ecosystem 40 (mountain tropical climate). In conclusion, a small, stable, endemic focus of plague in the highlands of the Ituri tropical region persisted, acting as a source of outbreaks in DRC.
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- 2018
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43. Environmental Suitability of Vibrio Infections in a Warming Climate: An Early Warning System.
- Author
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Semenza JC, Trinanes J, Lohr W, Sudre B, Löfdahl M, Martinez-Urtaza J, Nichols GL, and Rocklöv J
- Subjects
- Cross-Over Studies, Humans, Sweden epidemiology, Climate Change statistics & numerical data, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Vibrio Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Background: Some Vibrio spp. are pathogenic and ubiquitous in marine waters with low to moderate salinity and thrive with elevated sea surface temperature (SST)., Objectives: Our objective was to monitor and project the suitability of marine conditions for Vibrio infections under climate change scenarios., Methods: The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) developed a platform (the ECDC Vibrio Map Viewer) to monitor the environmental suitability of coastal waters for Vibrio spp. using remotely sensed SST and salinity. A case-crossover study of Swedish cases was conducted to ascertain the relationship between SST and Vibrio infection through a conditional logistic regression. Climate change projections for Vibrio infections were developed for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 and RCP 8.5., Results: The ECDC Vibrio Map Viewer detected environmentally suitable areas for Vibrio spp. in the Baltic Sea in July 2014 that were accompanied by a spike in cases and one death in Sweden. The estimated exposure-response relationship for Vibrio infections at a threshold of 16°C revealed a relative risk (RR)=1.14 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.27; p=0.024) for a lag of 2 wk; the estimated risk increased successively beyond this SST threshold. Climate change projections for SST under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios indicate a marked upward trend during the summer months and an increase in the relative risk of these infections in the coming decades., Conclusions: This platform can serve as an early warning system as the risk of further Vibrio infections increases in the 21st century due to climate change. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2198.
- Published
- 2017
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44. Surveillance of Zika virus infection in the EU/EEA, June 2015 to January 2017.
- Author
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Spiteri G, Sudre B, Septfons A, and Beauté J
- Subjects
- Africa, Americas, Animals, Europe epidemiology, Female, Humans, Population Surveillance, Zika Virus Infection virology, Aedes virology, Disease Outbreaks, Microcephaly epidemiology, Zika Virus isolation & purification, Zika Virus Infection epidemiology
- Abstract
Surveillance of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) was implemented in 2016 in response to the large outbreak reported in the Americas in 2015 associated with an increased number of infants born with microcephaly. Between June 2015 and January 2017, 21 EU/EEA countries reported 2,133 confirmed cases of ZIKV infection, of whom 106 were pregnant women. Cases infected in the Caribbean constituted 71% of reported cases. Almost all cases (99%) were most probably infected by mosquito bite during travel outside continental Europe, while only 1% were transmitted sexually. Considering that 584 imported cases were reported between May and October 2016 among residents of areas with established presence of Aedes albopictus , the absence of autochthonous vector-borne cases suggests that Ae. albopictus is not an efficient vector for ZIKV infection.
- Published
- 2017
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45. Chikungunya: Its History in Africa and Asia and Its Spread to New Regions in 2013-2014.
- Author
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Zeller H, Van Bortel W, and Sudre B
- Subjects
- Aedes virology, Africa, Eastern epidemiology, Africa, Western epidemiology, Animals, Chikungunya Fever transmission, Chikungunya virus classification, Disease Outbreaks, Genotype, Humans, India epidemiology, Kenya epidemiology, Mosquito Vectors virology, Phylogeny, South Africa epidemiology, Tanzania epidemiology, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Chikungunya Fever virology, Chikungunya virus genetics
- Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and causes febrile illness with severe arthralgia in humans. There are 3 circulating CHIKV genotypes, Asia, East/Central/South Africa, and West Africa. CHIKV was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and up until the early 2000s, a few outbreaks and sporadic cases of CHIKV were mainly reported in Africa and Asia. However, from 2004 to 2005, a large epidemic spanned from Kenya over to the southwestern Indian Ocean region, India, and Southeast Asia. Identified in 2005, the E1 glycoprotein A226V mutation of the East/Central/South Africa genotype conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito and has been implicated in CHIKV's further spread in the last decade. In 2013, the Asian CHIKV genotype emerged in the Caribbean and quickly took the Americas by storm. This review will discuss the history of CHIKV as well as its expanding geographic distribution., (© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2016
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46. Association between heavy precipitation events and waterborne outbreaks in four Nordic countries, 1992-2012.
- Author
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Guzman Herrador B, de Blasio BF, Carlander A, Ethelberg S, Hygen HO, Kuusi M, Lund V, Löfdahl M, MacDonald E, Martinez-Urtaza J, Nichols G, Schönning C, Sudre B, Trönnberg L, Vold L, Semenza JC, and Nygård K
- Subjects
- Case-Control Studies, Humans, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Rain, Snow, Waterborne Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
We conducted a matched case-control study to examine the association between heavy precipitation events and waterborne outbreaks (WBOs) by linking epidemiological registries and meteorological data between 1992 and 2012 in four Nordic countries. Heavy precipitation events were defined by above average (exceedance) daily rainfall during the preceding weeks using local references. We performed conditional logistic regression using the four previous years as the controls. Among WBOs with known onset date (n = 89), exceedance rainfall on two or more days was associated with occurrence of outbreak, OR = 3.06 (95% CI 1.38-6.78), compared to zero exceedance days. Stratified analyses revealed a significant association with single household water supplies, ground water as source and for outbreaks occurring during spring and summer. These findings were reproduced in analyses including all WBOs with known outbreak month (n = 186). The vulnerability of single households to WBOs associated with heavy precipitation events should be communicated to homeowners and implemented into future policy planning to reduce the risk of waterborne illness.
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- 2016
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47. Assessing Seasonal Risks for the Introduction and Mosquito-borne Spread of Zika Virus in Europe.
- Author
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Rocklöv J, Quam MB, Sudre B, German M, Kraemer MUG, Brady O, Bogoch II, Liu-Helmersson J, Wilder-Smith A, Semenza JC, Ong M, Aaslav KK, and Khan K
- Subjects
- Aedes virology, Animals, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Risk, Seasons, Travel, Zika Virus Infection transmission, Models, Theoretical, Zika Virus physiology, Zika Virus Infection epidemiology
- Abstract
The explosive Zika virus epidemic in the Americas is amplifying spread of this emerging pathogen into previously unaffected regions of the world, including Europe (Gulland, 2016), where local populations are immunologically naïve. As summertime approaches in the northern hemisphere, Aedes mosquitoes in Europe may find suitable climatic conditions to acquire and subsequently transmit Zika virus from viremic travellers to local populations. While Aedes albopictus has proven to be a vector for the transmission of dengue and chikungunya viruses in Europe (Delisle et al., 2015; ECDC, n.d.) there is growing experimental and ecological evidence to suggest that it may also be competent for Zika virus(Chouin-Carneiro et al., 2016; Grard et al., 2014; Li et al., 2012; Wong et al., 2013). Here we analyze and overlay the monthly flows of airline travellers arriving into European cities from Zika affected areas across the Americas, the predicted monthly estimates of the basic reproduction number of Zika virus in areas where Aedes mosquito populations reside in Europe (Aedes aegypti in Madeira, Portugal and Ae. albopictus in continental Europe), and human populations living within areas where mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus may be possible. We highlight specific geographic areas and timing of risk for Zika virus introduction and possible spread within Europe to inform the efficient use of human disease surveillance, vector surveillance and control, and public education resources., (Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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48. Climate change projections of West Nile virus infections in Europe: implications for blood safety practices.
- Author
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Semenza JC, Tran A, Espinosa L, Sudre B, Domanovic D, and Paz S
- Subjects
- Epidemiological Monitoring, Europe epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, West Nile Fever virology, West Nile virus physiology, Blood Donors statistics & numerical data, Blood Safety standards, Blood Transfusion statistics & numerical data, Climate Change, Models, Theoretical, West Nile Fever epidemiology, West Nile Fever transmission
- Abstract
Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted by mosquitoes in both urban as well as in rural environments and can be pathogenic in birds, horses and humans. Extrinsic factors such as temperature and land use are determinants of WNV outbreaks in Europe, along with intrinsic factors of the vector and virus., Methods: With a multivariate model for WNV transmission we computed the probability of WNV infection in 2014, with July 2014 temperature anomalies. We applied the July temperature anomalies under the balanced A1B climate change scenario (mix of all energy sources, fossil and non-fossil) for 2025 and 2050 to model and project the risk of WNV infection in the future. Since asymptomatic infections are common in humans (which can result in the contamination of the donated blood) we estimated the predictive prevalence of WNV infections in the blood donor population., Results: External validation of the probability model with 2014 cases indicated good prediction, based on an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.871 (SD = 0.032), on the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC). The climate change projections for 2025 reveal a higher probability of WNV infection particularly at the edges of the current transmission areas (for example in Eastern Croatia, Northeastern and Northwestern Turkey) and an even further expansion in 2050. The prevalence of infection in (blood donor) populations in the outbreak-affected districts is expected to expand in the future., Conclusions: Predictive modelling of environmental and climatic drivers of WNV can be a valuable tool for public health practice. It can help delineate districts at risk for future transmission. These areas can be subjected to integrated disease and vector surveillance, outreach to the public and health care providers, implementation of personal protective measures, screening of blood donors, and vector abatement activities.
- Published
- 2016
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49. Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ebola Virus Disease at Sub-National Level during the 2014 West Africa Epidemic: Model Scrutiny and Data Meagreness.
- Author
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Santermans E, Robesyn E, Ganyani T, Sudre B, Faes C, Quinten C, Van Bortel W, Haber T, Kovac T, Van Reeth F, Testa M, Hens N, and Plachouras D
- Subjects
- Epidemics statistics & numerical data, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola prevention & control, Humans, Ebolavirus physiology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola transmission, Models, Theoretical
- Abstract
Background: The Ebola outbreak in West Africa has infected at least 27,443 individuals and killed 11,207, based on data until 24 June, 2015, released by the World Health Organization (WHO). This outbreak has been characterised by extensive geographic spread across the affected countries Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and by localized hotspots within these countries. The rapid recognition and quantitative assessment of localised areas of higher transmission can inform the optimal deployment of public health resources., Methods: A variety of mathematical models have been used to estimate the evolution of this epidemic, and some have pointed out the importance of the spatial heterogeneity apparent from incidence maps. However, little is known about the district-level transmission. Given that many response decisions are taken at sub-national level, the current study aimed to investigate the spatial heterogeneity by using a different modelling framework, built on publicly available data at district level. Furthermore, we assessed whether this model could quantify the effect of intervention measures and provide predictions at a local level to guide public health action. We used a two-stage modelling approach: a) a flexible spatiotemporal growth model across all affected districts and b) a deterministic SEIR compartmental model per district whenever deemed appropriate., Findings: Our estimates show substantial differences in the evolution of the outbreak in the various regions of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, illustrating the importance of monitoring the outbreak at district level. We also provide an estimate of the time-dependent district-specific effective reproduction number, as a quantitative measure to compare transmission between different districts and give input for informed decisions on control measures and resource allocation. Prediction and assessing the impact of control measures proved to be difficult without more accurate data. In conclusion, this study provides us a useful tool at district level for public health, and illustrates the importance of collecting and sharing data.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Analytical studies assessing the association between extreme precipitation or temperature and drinking water-related waterborne infections: a review.
- Author
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Guzman Herrador BR, de Blasio BF, MacDonald E, Nichols G, Sudre B, Vold L, Semenza JC, and Nygård K
- Subjects
- Climate Change, Drinking Water virology, Humans, Waterborne Diseases microbiology, Waterborne Diseases parasitology, Waterborne Diseases virology, Drinking Water microbiology, Drinking Water parasitology, Extreme Heat, Rain, Waterborne Diseases epidemiology
- Abstract
Determining the role of weather in waterborne infections is a priority public health research issue as climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of extreme precipitation and temperature events. To document the current knowledge on this topic, we performed a literature review of analytical research studies that have combined epidemiological and meteorological data in order to analyze associations between extreme precipitation or temperature and waterborne disease.A search of the databases Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Science was conducted, using search terms related to waterborne infections and precipitation or temperature. Results were limited to studies published in English between January 2001 and December 2013.Twenty-four articles were included in this review, predominantly from Asia and North-America. Four articles used waterborne outbreaks as study units, while the remaining articles used number of cases of waterborne infections. Results presented in the different articles were heterogeneous. Although most of the studies identified a positive association between increased precipitation or temperature and infection, there were several in which this association was not evidenced. A number of articles also identified an association between decreased precipitation and infections. This highlights the complex relationship between precipitation or temperature driven transmission and waterborne disease. We encourage researchers to conduct studies examining potential effect modifiers, such as the specific type of microorganism, geographical region, season, type of water supply, water source or water treatment, in order to assess how they modulate the relationship between heavy rain events or temperature and waterborne disease. Addressing these gaps is of primary importance in order to identify the areas where action is needed to minimize negative impact of climate change on health in the future.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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