Search

The study was conducted in six calves presented with septic arthritis belonging to different age, breed and sex. Among the six calves, three were affected with chronic stage of disease with joint contracture and non-weight bearing on the affected limb. Clinical signs of arthritis were noticed in all the cases. Radiography and goniometry provided information regarding response to treatment protocol adapted. Haematology and serum biochemistry were found to have limited diagnostic value. Treatment protocol formulated which contains, three stage lavaging, application of splint and empirical antibiotic therapy showed satisfactory results. The progression of the evaluation of joint disorder, efficacy of the diagnostic modalities and standardisation of treatment protocol was attempted in this study

The study was conducted on six geriatric dogs belonging to different breeds presented for various surgical procedures at the Veterinary hospitals of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, at Mannuthy and Kokkalai. Before undergoing anaesthesia, all dogs underwent complete clinical examination and pre-anaesthetic evaluation. All the animals were administered a multimodal anaesthetic protocol with inj. dexmedetomidine and inj. buprenorphine as preanaesthetics. A combination of injection diazepam and propofol was given for induction which was followed by inj. ketamine and inj. lignocaine for analgesia. Maintenance of anaesthesia was carried out by sevoflurane along with ketamine-lignocaine CRI for providing analgesia. Studies on haematology and serum biochemistry were carried out prior to premedication, during maintenance and following anaesthesia recovery. Organ functions were well preserved with the current multimodal anaesthetic technique in geriatric dogs.

Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the second highest reported tumours in female dogs, following skin tumours. Human breast cancers (HBCs) and CMTs share common clinical and molecular features and hence, CMTs are considered as ideal models to study the different aspects of HBC. The study utilised samples from 25 CMT suspected cases presented to University Veterinary Hospitals in Thrissur district from December 2020 to October 2021. The tumour samples were analysed histopathologically and the lesions were classified. Among the 25 cases, one was identified as ductal hyperplasia, one as a benign myxoma and all the others were found to be malignant neoplasms. Malignant tumours were further categorised into different histotypes.Histological Malignancy Grading (HMG) was also done in 23 malignant CMTs and 21.74 percent were found to be of grade I, 47.83 per cent were grade II and 30.43 per cent were grade III. Majority of the malignant tumours were simple carcinomas which comprised tubulopapillary, ductal, cribriform, solid and comedocarcinomas. Highly aggressive tumours like cribriform, solid, comedo and inflammatory carcinomas belonged to higher grades, either II or III. Infiltration of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) was studied in different histotypes and grades of CMTs. It was identified that malignant high grade CMTs had greater TAM infiltration and hence, with further validation TAMs could be effectively used in predicting prognosis and also as a therapeutic target.

The present study was carried out with the objective of assessment of haematobiochemical and trichographic features of mucocutaneous lesions in dogs. Dogs presented with mucocutaneous lesions associated with various dermatological conditions were included in the study. Mange, atopic dermatitis, dermatophytosis, juvenile cellulitis, pyoderma and hypothyroidism with secondary Malassezia dermatitis were presented with mucocutaneous lesions in the perioral, periorbital and in the nostrils with least involvement of anogenital region. Haemato-biochemical analysis revealed anaemia, non-significant increase in total leucocyte count, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, elevated platelet count, hyperproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Elevated serum C-reactive protein was evident in all cases. Trichographic features revealed that highest number of hairs were included in the telogen phase of hair cycle with greater number of primary hairs. Hair fractures were evident in 20.8 per cent of hairs and trichoptilosis of hair tip was observed in 50.8 per cent of hairs studied. Demodex mites could be detected by hair pluck examination in all cases of demodicosis.

Canine mammary neoplasms are naturally occurring non-homogenous group of tumours with many resemblances to human breast cancer. In female dogs mammary tumours are of great clinical relevance due to the high prevalence and mortality rate, which varies according to the histopathological classification and clinical stage. The aim of the study was to compare the ultrasonographic features of the normal mammary gland with benign and malignant mammary neoplasms in dogs, through assessed by B-mode and Doppler mode ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic examination of seven normal mammary glands along with six benign and 12 malignant mammary neoplasms were performed. Among the parameters evaluated by B-Mode ultrasonography, significant differences were found (p < 0.01) in the tumour margin and invasiveness of neoplasms, where malignant tumours were invasive with uncircumscribed margin. Significant difference was also found in the presence of posterior acoustic enhancement (p

A dog was presented to the University Veterinary Hospital, Kokkalai with a history of nonweight bearing lameness on left forelimb and was diagnosed as humerus fracture. Supracutaneous locking compression plating was carried out after open reduction under general anaesthesia. Periodic clinical and radiographic evaluations were conducted at two weeks interval for a period of six weeks until the plate removal. Physiological and haematological parameters were within the normal range. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was high at the time of presentation and decreased progressively. The dog returned to sound gait, normal weight bearing and satisfactory functional limb usage by sixth post operative week. The fracture healed with periosteal and endosteal callus. The implant was intact and patient acceptance was satisfactory throughout the observation period.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) quickly evolves veterinary practice by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment outcomes, workflow, and operational efficiency. Even though the benefits of AI integration in veterinary practice are well appreciated worldwide, the lack of awareness of the available AI applications in major domains of veterinary care is identified as a primary gap in the acceptance of these technologies by many veterinary practitioners. There are many available machine learning (ML) applications across various fields of veterinary care. These include applications that improve the accuracy of diagnostics, optimize operational efficiency, enhance workflow in practice settings, improve production animal health, sports medicine, wildlife and exotic animal health, and AI applications to augment one health implementation. Despite the advantages, these applications pose major limitations, including available data quality, ethical concerns, and challenges in accepting and integrating available AI tools in regular veterinary practice. This review article is intended to provide a snapshot of available applications for AI integration in veterinary practice with insights into the challenges and limitations. By exploring the available literature on the subject, the article seeks to augment the knowledge of the veterinary practitioner of how AI can be harnessed to their daily needs and ultimately enhance the productivity, improved animal health, and quality of life (QOL) of animals with due consideration to the challenges and limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to compare the effect of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on haemto-biochemical parameters in methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) treated dogs for management of spinal cord injuries(SCI). The study was conducted on 14 dogs of different age, breed, sex and body weight, presented with clinical signs of SCI. Animals were randomly divided into two groups and subjected to two treatment protocols. One group was treated with MPSS and PEG intravenously on first day with oral follow up with prednisolone acetate, while the other group was treated with MPSS and 4-AP intravenously with oral follow up with 4-AP. All the selected dogs were subjected to detailed clinical, neurological, radiographic investigations at regular intervals to assess the effect of treatment upto eight weeks. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated on the first day of treatment and then at fortnight intervals. The mean values of all the haematological parameters and serum biochemical parameters were found to be within the normal physiological range and were not significant. However a statistically significant increased serum alkaline phosphatase level was observed in the first group and a non-significant increase in second group throughout the period of study.

The incidence of mammary neoplasms is more in dogs when compared to other animals. Mammary neoplasms are among the most prevalent type of tumours in bitches, followed by skin tumours. Canine mammary tumour (CMT) and human breast cancer (HBC) have clinical and molecular similarities, making CMT a good model to study HBC. A study was conducted on 25 cases of CMT in bitches which were presented during a period from March 2019 to March 2020 to University Veterinary Hospitals at Mannuthy and Kokkalai. Tumours were histologically classified basically into carcinoma, sarcoma, carcinosarcoma, benign tumour and further its subtypes were identified. Out of total 25 CMTs, only one case was identified as benign, while all the other cases were found to be malignant. Modified Elston and Ellis grading method was used for histological malignancy grading of CMT. Histological malignancy grading done in 23 cases revealed grade I (30.43 per cent), grade II (60.87 per cent) and grade III (8.7 per cent) malignancy. Sixty-five per cent of simple carcinomas, which included ductal carcinoma, tubulo-papillary carcinoma, solid carcinoma, comedocarcinoma and cribriform carcinoma, were either grade II or III, while all the mixed tumours were grade II. The present study revealed that histological malignancy grading could be used as a tool for predicting prognosis of CMT.

The present study was conducted to evaluate biochemical parameters like serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase during long bones fracture healing in six dogs, which were stabilized with string of pearls (SOP) plate. Statistical analysis revealed no significant variation (P

The present study was carried out to assess the pulmonary metastatic lesions in cases of canine superficial and mammary neoplasms presented to the University Veterinary Hospitals, Mannuthy and Kokkalai, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University during a twelve month period from February 2019 to February 2020. Twenty-four cases of neoplasms in dogs consisting of 12 cases of superficial neoplasms and 12 cases of mammary neoplasms were subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for the confirmation of malignancy of neoplasm and threeview thoracic radiographs were taken to assess the pulmonary metastatic pattern. The results were correlated with the malignancy detected in histopathological analysis after excisional biopsy. The most commonly observed pulmonary metastatic lesions were pulmonary nodules followed by pulmonary micronodules, miliary nodules, and pulmonary mass. These lesions were more evident in malignant mammary neoplasms especially in tubulopapillary carcinoma, ductal carcinoma, and medullary mammary carcinoma with spatial arrangements more in the perihilar region followed by caudodorsal, midventral, and cranioventral area of lung parenchyma. In case of superficial neoplasms miliary patterns and pulmonary microndules were mostly detected as pulmonary metastatic pattern in soft tissue sarcoma, round cell tumour, and malignant fibrohistiocytoma.

The study was conducted in six crossbred female cattle aged nine months to five years and weighing between 82-375 kg, to evaluate haematobiochemical and blood gas changes in during multimodal general anaesthesia. The animals were premedicated by intravenous administration of butorphanol (0.05mg/kg body weight) immediately followed by xylazine (0.02 mg/kg body weight). On achieving sedation, the animals were controlled in left lateral recumbency and induction of anaesthesia was carried out by intravenous administration of ketamine and midazolam at the dose rate of 4.0 and 0.2 mg/kg body weight respectively. Endotracheal intubation was performed and maintenance of general anaesthesia was carried out using isoflurane in 100% oxygen. The variation in total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, volume of packed red cells, platelet count and haemoglobin were non-significant before and after anaesthesia. A non-significant lymphocytopaenia with neutrophilia and mild variations in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzyme levels were also noticed. Blood pH reduced significantly (p

Pathophysiology of obstructive urolithiasis in goats are multifactorial involving management, nutritional and hormonal factors. Analysis of the composition of a particular urolith would aid in understanding the aetiopathogenesis of the calculi which can facilitate establishment of appropriate treatment and prevention protocols. Four cases of chronic obstructive urolithiasis in male goats presented to University Veterinary Hospital were surgically managed by tube cystotomy. The calculi extracted from the bladder were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) to identify the composition of the calculi. The infrared wavelength bandwidths of H-O-H stretching vibrations, H-O-H bending modes of vibrations of water molecules, N-H symmetric stretching vibrations, N-H bending vibration and N-H asymmetric bending vibration in NH4+ unit’s ionic phosphate were compared with the available reference spectrum of wavelength and were found to be identical and comparable with the standard infrared wavelength of struvite calculi.

The present study evaluates the Lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity of a flavonoid isolated from Punica granatum peel. The molecular structure and chemical bonds were analyzed using UV–Visible, FT-IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectra. The structure of the compound was identified as a novel derivative of chalcone. The isolated compound was interpreted as (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-pentylphenyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,5-di((E)-prop-1-enyl)phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one. A prominent inhibition on LOX and COX was observed. The in vitro study indicates the potential of isolated compound to use as an anti-inflammatory agent. Keywords: Punica granatum, Flavonoid, Lipoxygenase, Cyclooxygenase

Collagen membranes are one of the most commonly used tissue engineered scaffold. Collagen scaffolds could be effectively made by decellularising a variety of biological tissues like small intestinal submucosa, dermis, omentum, tunica vaginalis, etc. These scaffolds are effectively used for the reconstruction of hernial defects, oesophageal defects, urinary bladder wall substitution, as artificial periosteum, etc. Decellularisation can be done using different methods like physical, chemical, and enzymatic. The present study discusses the successful decellularisation of bovine tunica vaginalis by combining enzymatic and chemical methods using the Trypsin-EDTA protocol with Triton X-100 as a detergent and using it as a tissue engineered scaffold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine mammary tumour (CMT) is the most common malignancy reported in intact female dogs. The present study is envisaged to classify the CMTs based on the histopathologic type, grade and hormone receptor status. Twenty-five cases of CMTs were taken as the study material. The excisional biopsy samples from all the cases were collected and processed for histopathology and grading of tumours. The immunohistochemical evaluation of oestrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) or human epidermal growth factor type II receptor (HER2) in CMTs was carried out to classify them. Luminal A had the highest number of cases followed by luminal B. One case of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and two cases of HER2 enriched tumours were also noted. All the tumours in HER2 enriched and TNBC were grade 3 with aggressive characters like lymphatic invasion and angiogenesis. The prognosis of the above cases was studied and the data revealed poor prognosis in the HER2 enriched and TNBC compared to luminal A and B. The implementation of targeted therapy in canine mammary tumours based on hormone receptor status may increase the chances of recovery or may prolong the survival period in canine patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six clinical cases of obstructive urolithiasis in goats were chosen for this research, with the primary objective of establishing a standardised approach for minimally invasive percutaneous tube cystostomy using a three-way Foley catheter for urinary diversion. Furthermore, the study sought to assess the efficacy of urinary bladder irrigation in promptly reestablishing urethral patency. The diagnosis relied on clinical symptoms, physical examination, haematological and serum biochemical investigations, and ultrasound findings. All the animals underwent minimally invasive percutaneous tube cystostomy using a three-way Foley catheter, introduced with a custom-made forceps. This technique was refined and proven effective for treating cases of caprine obstructive urolithiasis with an intact bladder. Regular irrigation with an acidic Walpole's solution (pH 4.5) aided in the timely dissolution of stones, leading to the swift restoration of urethral patency. On an average, urethral patency was reestablished within 17 days, and the subsequent removal of the catheter resulted in a smooth recovery in four out of six cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This hematological study was aimed to investigate the hematological abnormalities associated with mammary gland carcinoma (CMT) in dogs at various stages of progression. Blood smear examinations were initially conducted on 45 cases, with exclusion criteria applied for hemoparasitic infections. Subsequently, 28 cases were selected for comprehensive analysis, focusing on complete blood count parameters, including haematocrit, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. The findings revealed hematological abnormalities associated with CMTs, notably characterized by anemia, erythropenia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis. The differential white blood cell count showed negligible variation. These findings underscore the potential diagnostic value of hematological parameters in understanding and monitoring CMT-associated hematological alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A four-year-old and six-year-old Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows were presented to TVCC, Mannuthy with a protruding soft tissue mass from the medial canthus in the left eye. On examination, the lesion was extensively spread which impaired vision and complete loss of architecture of the ocular structures in one animal and medial canthus growth encircled the ocular structures in another animal. The conditions were surgically managed by extirpation of eye ball in one case and surgical excision of mass salvaging eye in the other case. The histopathology of the excised mass revealed the condition was ocular squamous cell carcinoma. The animals had an uneventful recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]