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U.S. congressional hearings significantly influence the national economy and social fabric, impacting individual lives. Despite their importance, there is a lack of comprehensive datasets for analyzing these discourses. To address this, we propose the Congress Committee Hearing Dataset (CoCoHD), covering hearings from 1997 to 2024 across 86 committees, with 32,697 records. This dataset enables researchers to study policy language on critical issues like healthcare, LGBTQ+ rights, and climate justice. We demonstrate its potential with a case study on 1,000 energy-related sentences, analyzing the Energy and Commerce Committee's stance on fossil fuel consumption. By fine-tuning pre-trained language models, we create energy-relevant measures for each hearing. Our market analysis shows that natural language analysis using CoCoHD can predict and highlight trends in the energy sector., Comment: Accepted at EMNLP 2024

The ARR Responsible NLP Research checklist website states that the "checklist is designed to encourage best practices for responsible research, addressing issues of research ethics, societal impact and reproducibility." Answering the questions is an opportunity for authors to reflect on their work and make sure any shared scientific assets follow best practices. Ideally, considering the checklist before submission can favorably impact the writing of a research paper. However, the checklist is often filled out at the last moment. In this work, we introduce ACLReady, a retrieval-augmented language model application that can be used to empower authors to reflect on their work and assist authors with the ACL checklist. To test the effectiveness of the system, we conducted a qualitative study with 13 users which shows that 92% of users found the application useful and easy to use as well as 77% of the users found that the application provided the information they expected. Our code is publicly available under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license on GitHub.

Dragonfly class of networks are considered as promising interconnects for next-generation supercomputers. While Dragonfly+ networks offer more path diversity than the original Dragonfly design, they are still prone to performance variability due to their hierarchical architecture and resource sharing design. Event-driven network simulators are indispensable tools for navigating complex system design. In this study, we quantitatively evaluate a variety of application communication interactions on a 3,456-node Dragonfly+ system by using the CODES toolkit. This study looks at the impact of communication interference from a user's perspective. Specifically, for a given application submitted by a user, we examine how this application will behave with the existing workload running in the system under different job placement policies. Our simulation study considers hundreds of experiment configurations including four target applications with representative communication patterns under a variety of network traffic conditions. Our study shows that intra-job interference can cause severe performance degradation for communication-intensive applications. Inter-job interference can generally be reduced for applications with one-to-one or one-to-many communication patterns through job isolation. Application with one-to-all communication pattern is resilient to network interference., Comment: Accepted by SIGSIM PADS 2019

We present the formation of quasi-periodic cool spicule-like jets in the solar atmosphere using 2.5-D numerical simulation in two-fluid regime (ions+neutrals) under the presence of thermal conduction and ion-neutral collision. The non-linear, impulsive Alfv\'enic perturbations at the top of the photosphere trigger field aligned magnetoacoustic perturbations due to ponderomotive force. The transport of energy from Alfv\'en pulse to such vertical velocity perturbations due to ponderomotive force is considered as an initial trigger mechanism. Thereafter, these velocity perturbations steepen into the shocks followed by quasi-periodic rise and fall of the cool jets transporting mass in the overlying corona., Comment: In Press; Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A; 21 Pages; 06 Figures. Philosophical Transactions is the oldest English science journal in the world, which has been published continuously since March 1665 as launched by Henry Oldenburg

In this paper, we investigate the influence of claims in analyst reports and earnings calls on financial market returns, considering them as significant quarterly events for publicly traded companies. To facilitate a comprehensive analysis, we construct a new financial dataset for the claim detection task in the financial domain. We benchmark various language models on this dataset and propose a novel weak-supervision model that incorporates the knowledge of subject matter experts (SMEs) in the aggregation function, outperforming existing approaches. We also demonstrate the practical utility of our proposed model by constructing a novel measure of optimism. Here, we observe the dependence of earnings surprise and return on our optimism measure. Our dataset, models, and code are publicly (under CC BY 4.0 license) available on GitHub., Comment: Accepted at The Seventh FEVER Workshop EMNLP 2024

LaNiGa$_2$ is superconductor that breaks time-reversal symmetry in the superconducting state without any known nearby magnetism. Recently, single crystals of LaNiGa$_2$ have been synthesized, revealing a nonsymmorphic Cmcm space group. Here, we report measurements of the electronic structure of LaNiGa$_2$ throughout the three-dimensional Brillouin zone (BZ) using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Our findings show broad consistency with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and provide evidence for degeneracies in the electronic structure that are predicted from the space group. The calculations also predict four Fermi surfaces which cross the purported nodal plane and should therefore form two degenerate pairs. We report evidence for those predicted symmetry enforced degeneracies as well as accidental near degeneracies throughout the BZ. These degeneracies and near-degeneracies may play a role in the pairing mechanism of LaNiGa$_2$. Our results provide insight into the interplay between structure, Fermiology, and superconductivity in unconventional superconductors with nonsymmorphic space group., Comment: Main: 8 pages, 6 figures. SI: 6 pages, 8 figures

Here, we design a novel class of Janus structures PbXY(X,Y = F, Cl, Br, I) and propose it for the solar mediated photocatalytic water splitting hydrogen production as well as for the photovoltaic solarcell applications. Charge analysis shows that covalent bonding for less electronegative atoms and ionic bonding for more electronegative atoms. Strong dual bonding like ionic one side and covalent other side is observed when heavy and lighter atoms are part of the same Janus structures. The as designed Janus structures show good dynamical stability through phonon calculations. Basic electronic structure using Generalised Gradient Approximation(GGA) reveal both direct and indirect nature of band gap with large tunability. Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) electronic structure calculations are performed and wider band gaps are predicted for these Janus structures. The calculated effective masses of charge carriers show robust charge carrier dynamics. The orbital resolved electronic density of states (DOS) shows that the conduction band edge is composed of pz orbital of Pb atom. The partialcharge density calculated at conduction band minimum (CBM) also support the result obtained from PDOS analysis. Breaking of centrosymmetry, polarization in the out of plane direction, the z-oriented orbitals of CBM all points that these materials are suitable for shift current generation. The calculated optical absorption spectra show that the Janus structures are suitable for visible light absorption. The calculated potential difference between the top and bottom layer show significant variation and maximum (1.02 eV) is observed for PbClF. Further, we show that combining both potential difference and HSE bandgap, valence band maximum(VBM) and CBM straddle the water redox potentials, thus making the Janus structures suitable for water redox reactions., Comment: main manuscript(40 pages, 8 Figures, 3 tables) Supporting information ( 21 pages, 18 figures,6 tables)

External control arms (ECA) can inform the early clinical development of experimental drugs and provide efficacy evidence for regulatory approval. However, the main challenge in implementing ECA lies in accessing real-world or historical clinical trials data. Indeed, regulations protecting patients' rights by strictly controlling data processing make pooling data from multiple sources in a central server often difficult. To address these limitations, we develop a new method, 'FedECA' that leverages federated learning (FL) to enable inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) for time-to-event outcomes on separate cohorts without needing to pool data. To showcase the potential of FedECA, we apply it in different settings of increasing complexity culminating with a real-world use-case in which FedECA provides evidence for a differential effect between two drugs that would have otherwise gone unnoticed. By sharing our code, we hope FedECA will foster the creation of federated research networks and thus accelerate drug development., Comment: code available at: https://github.com/owkin/fedeca, bug in SMD computation present in v1 and v2 has been fixed, many experiments on real data have been added + fix in YODA experiments using imputed data instead of raw data as well as typos and affiliations fix

Recent investigations into coalescence dynamics of complex fluid droplets revealed the existence of sub-Newtonian behaviour for polymeric fluids (elastic and shear thinning). We hypothesize that such delayed coalescence or sub-Newtonian coalescence dynamics may be extended to the general class of shear thickening fluids. To investigate this droplets of aqueous corn-starch suspensions were chosen and its coalescence in sessile pendant configuration was probed by high-speed real time imaging. Temporal evolution of the neck (growth) during coalescence was quantified as a function of suspended particle weight fraction \phi_w. The necking behaviour was found to evolve as the power-law relation $R=at^b$ where R is neck radius with exponent $\b\le0.5$ implying it is a subset of the generic sub-Newtonian coalescence. Second significant delay in the coalescence dynamics is observed for particle fractions beyond the jamming fraction {\ \phi}_w>\ \phi_J\geq0.35}. Our proposed theoretical model captures this delay implicitly through altered suspension viscosity stemming from increased particle content.

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the most energetic expulsions of magnetized plasma from the Sun that play a crucial role in space weather dynamics. This study investigates the diverse kinematics and thermodynamic evolution of two CMEs (CME1: 2011 September 24 and CME2: 2018 August 20) at coronal heights where thermodynamic measurements are limited. The peak 3D propagation speed of CME1 is high (1,885 km/s) with two-phase expansion (rapid and nearly constant), while the peak 3D propagation speed of CME2 is slow (420 km/s) with only a gradual expansion. We estimate the distance-dependent variations in the polytropic index, heating rate, temperature, and internal forces implementing the revised FRIS model, taking inputs of 3D kinematics estimated from the GCS model. We find CME1 exhibiting heat-release during its early-rapid acceleration decrease and jumps to the heat-absorption state during its constant acceleration phase. In contrast to CME1, CME2 shows a gradual transition from the near-adiabatic to the heat-absorption state during its gradually increasing acceleration. Our analysis reveals that although both CMEs show differential heating, they experience heat-absorption during their later propagation phases, approaching the isothermal state. The faster CME1 achieves an adiabatic state followed by an isothermal state at smaller distances from the Sun than the slower CME2. We also find that the expansion of CMEs is primarily influenced by centrifugal and thermal pressure forces, with the Lorentz force impeding expansion. Multi-wavelength observations of flux-ropes at source regions support the FRIS model-derived findings at initially observed lower coronal heights., Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)