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Inactivity, overweight and malnutrition rank among the most frequent risk factors concerning the healthy development of children. The project "children today" focuses on physical activity, eating habits and media consumption of ten-year-old children. The complex interaction of these lifestyle elements is described and analysed on the basis of international survey data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affective exercise experiences are summative, valenced memories that represent the history of associations between past instances of exercise in an individual's life and pleasant or unpleasant reactions. We used the recently developed Affective Exercise Experiences (AFFEXX) questionnaire to address two important questions in exercise psychology, namely the nature of affective exercise experiences during the childhood-adulthood transition and the relationship between affect and exercise behavior. The first study compared data from 949 adults and 607 children and adolescents, and showed that core affective exercise experiences were associated with different antecedent appraisals in the two groups. Being watched during exercise and perceptions of competence appeared to influence core affective experiences more in children and adolescents than in adults. The second study, using data from a subsample of 94 adults, showed that exercise behavior over 14 days can be predicted by pleasant core affective exercise experiences when they are congruent with strong attraction to exercise. These data highlight the value of theoretically informed research to understand the multifarious affective experiences individuals derive from exercise., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Based on the relevance of an established and broad foundation of physical activity in healthcare, this position paper of the DNVF working group Physical Activity-Related Health Services research presents current conceptual approaches to physical activity-related health services in Germany and highlights the need for interprofessional and interdisciplinary approaches. Three central positions are outlined and elaborated in order to integrate the evidence on health benefits of physical activity and exercise more strongly into healthcare and to show that, against the background of the challenges in the German healthcare system, physical activity-related health services can make a cost-effective and high-quality contribution to improve healthcare. These three positions include 1) the integration of all professional groups involved in healthcare into physical activity-related health services, 2) the greater integration of physical activity professions and physical activity interventions into all healthcare contexts and 3) the systematic consideration of physical activity- and exercise-related expertise in clinical guidelines., Competing Interests: JW ist Konsortialführer des genannten MOVE-ONKO Projektes und Koordinator der S3-Leitlinie Bewegungstherapie bei onkologischen Erkrankungen. JW und KE haben an der S2k-Leitlinie in der pädiatrischen Onkologie mitgearbeitet. GS ist Konsortialpartner des genannten ImPuls-Projekts. SP ist Mitarbeiter im DVGS e. V., der als Fachverband Bewegungsfachkräfte qualifiziert, für die qualitätsgesicherte Umsetzung von Bewegung in allen Versorgungskontexten eintritt und Mandatstragende für die Mitarbeit an Leitlinien entsendet. CT ist Professor für Physiotherapie an der Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, die einen primärqualifizierenden Bachelor-Studiengang „Physiotherapie“ anbietet und für die Vollakademisierung der Physiotherapie eintritt. BW ist im Präsidium der Deutschen Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft (dvs) und vertritt im Ressort „Gesundheit und Bewegung“ die Interessen der Sportwissenschaft. Alle Autorinnen und Autoren haben Projekterfahrung mit der Entwicklung, Implementierung und/oder Evaluation von bewegungsbezogenen Interventionen in verschiedenen Versorgungskontexten. AS, CT, LG und SP sind im Sprecherrat der AG bewegungsbezogene Versorgungsforschung und verweisen auf die Darlegung ihrer entsprechenden Interessen (https://dnvf.de/gruppen/ag-bewegungsbezogene-versorgungsforschung.html). Alle anderen Autorinnen und Autoren sind Mitglied der AG Bewegungsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung und geben an, keine Interessenkonflikte zu haben., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)

Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Background: Residents in nursing homes show a high prevalence of the musculoskeletal syndrome sarcopenia and tend not to achieve current physical activity recommendations., Objective: The aim of this study is to identify differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior of sarcopenic residents compared with nonsarcopenic and presarcopenic residents., Methods: Sarcopenia assessment was performed among 63 nursing home residents in Baden-Wuerttemberg (D) using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 specifications. Structured activity sessions (per week), accelerometer-based physical activity (steps/day), and sedentary behavior (percentual/day) were examined. The group comparisons were determined with Kruskal-Wallis tests and Dunn-Bonferroni post hoc tests., Results: Significant differences were found for number of steps (p = 0.005) and percentual sedentary behavior (p = 0.019). Moreover, steps per day presented significant results in group comparison for no sarcopenia (2824.4 [423-14275]) with probable sarcopenia (1703.9 [118-5663]) and confirmed/severe sarcopenia (1571.2 [240-2392]) (both p = 0.022; |r| = 0.34). Sedentary behavior demonstrated significant differences in groups with no sarcopenia (87.9% [69.1-94.3]) and with probable sarcopenia (91.7% [80.4-9835]) (p = 0.018; |r| = 0.35)., Conclusion: Nonsarcopenic residents demonstrated a higher number of steps and lower sedentary behavior compared with presarcopenic and sarcopenic residents. Increasing steps, reducing sedentary behavior and promoting activities of daily living can contribute to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in the nursing home setting., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The DNVF Memorandum: Objectives and Methods of Physical Activity-Related Health Services Research summarizes, for the first time, the highly interdisciplinary and interprofessional field of physical activity-based health care in the German healthcare system. In addition to providing a conceptual framework and definition of key measures and concepts in physical activity-related health care research, existing research gaps and needs are identified, and methods for advancing this relatively young field of research are described. A particular focus of this study is the relevant outcome parameters and their standardized assessment using established and valid measurement tools. The memorandum aims to establish a general understanding of the complex subject of promoting physical activity and sports therapy in the context of healthcare, to give an impulse to new research initiatives, and to integrate the currently available strong evidence on the effectiveness of physical activity and exercise into healthcare., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).)

Identifying determinants of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) often relies on population-level (nomothetic) averages, potentially overlooking person-specific (idiographic) associations. This study uses an idiographic perspective to explore how subjective readiness and motives for LTPA relate to volitional effort (duration, intensity) and affective experience (pleasure, displeasure). We also highlight the potential for different interpretations when data are averaged within individuals and assessed using a variable-centered approach. Participants (N = 22, 25±8 years old, 54.5% women) were asked to continue their regular PA patterns for 10 weeks. Ecological momentary assessment procedures allowed participants to provide pre-activity reports (physical, cognitive, emotional readiness and situational motive for activity) and post-activity reports (activity type, duration, perceived exertion, ratings of affective valence). Spearman rank correlation was implemented to interpret within- and between-person associations. Data visualization approaches were used to showcase person-specific differences in associations. Participants provided 519 reports of LTPA (24±11 events/person), which displayed between- and within-person variety in type, duration, intensity, and affective experience. Exemplar cases highlight discrepancies in interpretation based on level of analysis, such that the nomothetic association (rho = .42, p = .05; 95% CI -.02, .72) between motive to replenish energy and LTPA duration was observed in only one within-person analysis (41% were weak-to-large inverse effects). Alternatively, the negligible nomothetic association (rho = .02, p = .93; 95% CI -.41, .44) between physical readiness and LTPA-related affect did not reflect the 59% of within-person analyses showing moderate-to-large, positive effects. Future research aiming to identify determinants of LTPA effort and experience should integrate contemporary, idiographic analyses in early-stage research for developing person-specific strategies for LTPA promotion., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Strohacker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to synthesize the evidence from systematic reviews on the efficacy of physical therapy and exercise therapy, including interventional elements explicitly aiming at physical activity promotion (PAP) in patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)., Methods: PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception to February 28, 2023. Two independent reviewers screened the literature to identify systematic reviews that evaluated the effects of physical therapy and exercise therapy, including PAP interventions. Patient-reported and device-based measures of physical activity (PA) outcomes were included. Qualitative and quantitative data from systematic reviews were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Assessment of the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was performed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). We assessed primary study overlap by calculating the corrected covered area and conducted the evidence synthesis in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions., Results: Fourteen systematic reviews were included in the present overview, including patients with a variety of NCDs. Most included systematic reviews had critically low (n = 5) to low (n = 7) methodological quality. Most meta-analyses (67%; 8/12) provided evidence supporting the short- and long-term efficacy of PAP interventions, but not all pooled estimates were clinically relevant. Only three of the systematic reviews with meta-analysis included an assessment of the certainty of the evidence. The evidence from systematic reviews without meta-analysis was inconclusive., Conclusions: The results of the present overview suggest that PAP interventions in physical therapy or exercise therapy may be effective in improving PA for patients with NCDs in the short and long term. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited certainty of evidence and critically low-to-low methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. Both high-quality primary studies and systematic reviews are required to confirm these results., Impact: There is limited evidence that PAP interventions in physical therapy and exercise therapy may be effective in improving PA for patients with NCDs., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Globally, mental health conditions pose a substantial burden of disease. Despite the availability of evidence-based pharmacological and psychological treatments, the symptoms of a substantial subgroup of patients do not respond to these interventions, and only a minority of patients have access to them. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of ImPuls, a 6-month transdiagnostic group exercise intervention, plus treatment-as-usual, compared with treatment-as-usual alone in outpatients with various mental disorders., Methods: In this pragmatic, two-arm, multisite, randomised controlled trial in Germany, ten outpatient rehabilitative and medical care facilities were involved as study sites. Participants were outpatients diagnosed according to ICD-10 with one or more of the following disorders based on structured clinical interviews: moderate or severe depression, primary insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, or agoraphobia. Participants were required to be aged between 18 years and 65 years, insured by the health insurers Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Baden-Württemberg or Techniker Krankenkasse, fluent in German, and without medical contraindications for exercise. Blocks of six participants were randomly allocated to ImPuls plus treatment-as-usual or treatment-as-usual alone (allocation ratio: 1:1), stratified by study site. The randomisation sequence was generated by an external data manager. The team responsible for data collection and management was masked to the randomisation sequence. The ImPuls intervention comprised evidence-based outdoor exercises lasting 30 min, and aimed at achieving at least moderate intensity. It also incorporated behavioural change techniques targeting motivational and volitional determinants of exercise behaviour. Treatment-as-usual was representative of typical outpatient health care in Germany, allowing patients access to any standard treatments. The primary outcome was global symptom severity at 6 months after randomisation, measured using self-report on the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) and analysed in the intention-to-treat sample. No individuals with lived experience of mental illness were involved in conducting the study or writing the final publication. Safety was assessed in all participants. The trial was registered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00024152) with a completion date of June 30, 2024., Findings: 600 patients provided informed consent, were recruited to the study, and underwent a diagnostic interview between Jan 1, 2021, and May 31, 2022. Following this, 199 were excluded on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and one withdrew consent during the baseline assessment. Of the 400 eligible participants, 284 (71%) self-identified as female, 106 (27%) self-identified as male, and nine (2%) self-identified as other. The mean age was 42·20 years (SD 13·23; range 19-65). Ethnicity data were not assessed. 287 (72%) participants met the criteria for moderate or severe depression, 81 (20%) for primary insomnia, 37 (9%) for agoraphobia, 46 (12%) for panic disorder, and 72 (18%) for PTSD. 199 participants were allocated to the intervention group of ImPuls plus treatment-as-usual and 201 to the control group of treatment-as-usual alone. 38 (19%) participants did not receive the minimum ImPuls intervention dose. ImPuls plus treatment-as-usual demonstrated superior efficacy to treatment-as-usual alone in reducing global symptom severity, with an adjusted difference on BSI-18 of 4·11 (95% CI 1·74-6·48; d=0·35 [95% CI 0·14-0·56]; p=0·0007) at 6 months. There were no significant differences in the total number of adverse events or serious adverse events between the two groups. There was one serious adverse event (male, torn ligament) related to the intervention., Interpretation: ImPuls is an efficacious transdiagnostic adjunctive treatment in outpatient mental health care. Our findings suggest that exercise therapy should be implemented in outpatient mental health care as an adjunctive transdiagnostic treatment for mental disorders such as depression, insomnia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and PTSD. Transdiagnostic group exercise interventions might ameliorate the existing disparity in care provision between the many individuals in need of evidence-based treatment and the few who are receiving it., Funding: The German Innovation Fund of the Federal Joint Committee of Germany., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests SP declares that the German Association for Health-Enhancing Physical Activity and Exercise Therapy maintains a training programme for psychiatry, psychosomatics, and addiction. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)