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The case study deals with their solution of the problem of managing flood risk with the aim of effective management focusing on reducing flood risks and thus increasing the measure of flood Protection. Maharashtra’s Konkan region and several other western parts—especially, Raigad, Kolhapur and Sangali districts—are flooded every monsoon for the last five years. The inhabitants of this region live in constant fear of floods, which destroy lives and businesses. In this case of flood occurred in Mahad, we are going to study about what causes flood? & what are the measure actions we can take to control the flood or to manage the flood. Keywords: Flood, flood risk, rivers, Mahad, flood protection

This study reviews RFID technology and its applications in the real world. RFID technology has been around for a long time. Yet, it hasn't been implemented on a large scale due to numerous reasons in the past. Now, RFID technology is considered as a means to handle supply chains during the pandemic situation. RFID is a subpart of printed electronics that use organic and inorganic materials to create electronic ink. The area of nanoparticles has contributed immensely to RFID as carbon nanotubes are being used extensively in RFID systems. RFID systems have many applications in healthcare and medical fields, agriculture management, food processing, library management, highway toll system, and supply chain management. This paper describes some of the nanoparticle inks and methods of printing. It also discusses some of the applications of RFID technology in the fields mentioned above. Aftereffects of the survey and bibliometric examination reveal that RFID research has attracted significant attention from the SCM and logistics community, medical community, and food processing community. To the best of the authors' information, the current review is one of the few attempts to investigate materials used in RFID technology and its applications using an exhaustive set of articles published during the past decade.

This paper is a qualitative and systematic study on electrochromic materials and the advances that have been made in recent times. It starts with the basic introduction to electrochromic materials and goes on to explain the working principle, the components involved, and its basic construction, citing the examples of Di-Urethane Materials and Polyamide Electrochromic materials. The process of selecting the correct materials is also explained followed by the methods involved in its synthesis, including the photo deposition technique of the materials such as WO3. Additionally, a few practical applications such as smart windows, self-dimming rear mirrors, and others have been explained. The study concludes with an overall summary of all the research done based on papers authored and referenced, and provides an affirmation that electrochromic devices are going to be relevant and widely used in the upcoming future.

Process industries typically utilize bellows expansion joints (compensators), which offer both axial flexibility and circumferential strength on convolutions. These components are utilized in pipe structures as well as their connections to vital process equipment’s, such as boilers, fixed tube heat exchangers, pressure vessels, pressure relief equipment, pulsation dampeners, etc. The expansion-contraction operation of the compensators attached to the pipes produces different thrusts and stresses, rendering process equipment vulnerable to catastrophic failure if there is an axial misalignment or lateral offset in connection. For the purpose of maintaining structural integrity, it is essential to determine the meridian stresses generated on bellows compensator under various operating conditions. This study examines the quantitative effects of combined lateral shift and angular rotational misalignment on meridional stress levels for the heat exchanger shell bellows. Mainly the generation of the stresses on the U-shaped convolution profile is multifaceted and difficult to evaluate. An experimental setup has been designed to make it easier to see the combined angular rotation and offset at various levels and to improve evaluating the stress levels for analysis purposes. The paper presents the results pertaining to meridional deflection-based stresses. The analysis process signifies the assessment of structural integrity to enable designers to implement mitigating measures regarding the installation of bellows compensators and adequate support conditions.

The technology of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a rapidly growing research field with vast applications. BCI acts as a bridge between a human brain and the machine-like computer. The main purpose of BCI system is to enable the people with disability to interact with outside world. The electrical signals captured from the brain are processed to remove the noise and artifacts. The features of the processed signal are extracted, classified and later translated into the device commands in order to execute the intent of the user. This paper furnishes the basics of BCI, different ways of signal acquisition, overview of the BCI system, its applications and challenges., {"references":["Ramadan, R. A., Refat, S., Elshahed, M. A., & Ali, R. A. (2015). Basics of brain computer interface. In Brain- Computer Interfaces (pp. 31-50). Springer, Cham.","Anupama, H. S., Cauvery, N. K., & Lingaraju, G. M. (2012). Brain computer interface and its types-a study. International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, 3(2), 739.","Ruth, R. A., Lambert, P. R., & Ferraro, J. A. (1988). Electrocochleography: methods and clinical applications. The American journal of otology, 9, 1-11.","Veena, N., & Anitha, N. (2020). A review of non-invasive BCI devices. Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Technol., 34(3), 205-233.","Glover, G. H. (2011). Overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurgery Clinics, 22(2), 133-139.","BMJ, \"Positron emission tomography\", 2003 Jun 28; 326(7404):","Nicolas-Alonso, L. F., & Gomez-Gil, J. (2012). Brain computer interfaces, a review. sensors, 12(2), 1211-1279.","León-Carrión, J., & León-Domínguez, U. (2012). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS): Principles and neuroscientific applications, neuroimaging-methods, prof. peter bright (ed.), InTech.","Short URL: http://learn.neurotechedu.com/introtob ci/#fnirs","Vaid, S., Singh, P., & Kaur, C. (2015, February). EEG signal analysis for BCI interface: A review. In 2015 fifth international conference on advanced computing & communication technologies (pp. 143-147). IEEE."]}

The transportation industry is transitioning from conventional Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICVs) to Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the rise in non-traditional energy sources. EVs are emerging as the new leaders in the industry. Some essential requirements necessary for the widespread adoption of EVs include sufficient charging stations with numerous chargers, less to no wait time before charging, quick charging, and better range. To enable a quicker transition from ICVs to EVs, commercial organizations and governments would have to put in a mammoth effort, given the low number of installed chargers in developing nations such as India. One solution to lower the waiting time is to have multiple vehicles charging simultaneously, which might involve charging two- and four-wheelers simultaneously, even though their battery voltage ratings differ. This paper begins by providing the details of the power sources for EV charging, the charging levels and connector types, along with the specifications of some of the commercial chargers. The necessity of AC-DC converters in EV charging systems is addressed along with the power quality concerns due to the increased penetration of EVs. Next, a review of the existing research and technology of isolated DC-DC converters for simultaneous charging of EV batteries is provided. Further, several potential isolated DC-DC converter topologies for simultaneous charging are described with their design and loss estimation. A summary of the existing products and projects with simultaneous charging features is provided. Finally, insight is given into the future of simultaneous charging.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of angular rotational misalignment in pipe structure on the deflection based convolution stresses. Such stresses are generated in the thin walled unreinforced bellows compensators during the expansion-contraction function. On the convolution geometry, the most vulnerable stress type is meridional deflection stresses under the internal pressure. Therefore, it’s critical to check the structural integrity of pipe systems with bellows expansion joints, which typically connected to the process equipment’s including boilers, pressure vessels, reactors, heat exchangers, refineries, and so on. The findings of theoretical and experimental investigations of thin-walled unreinforced conditioned bellows subjected to different angular rotations are presented in this paper. The meridional deflection stresses are investigated for the different operating pressures when bellows subjected to angular rotations of 1°, 1.5° and 2° in the flexural plane. In addition, the testing is performed along various longitudinal lines across the periphery of the bellows to determine the maximum induced stress points on the convolution profile. The higher meridional stress is seen to be the bending stress at the bottom curved toroidal section of the convolution, which approaches towards the elastoplastic regime at 1° to 2° of angular deviation in flexural plane. These extreme stress points may prove the risky areas at the root of the convolution for the fatigue failures. Further, the results of the maximal convolution stress assessment are useful in predicting the structural integrity of bellows in elastic regime, when prone to the angular shift.

To develop an oral sustained release Metformin HCl tablet by wet granulation technique, using different grades of hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) in different concentration and by varying binder concentrations. Metformin HCl was received as gift sample while all other excipients of analytical grade were procured from the market. Formulation optimization was done by three ways to select optimum formula for preparing sustained release matrix tablet. Trail batches were prepared by altering the hydrophilic polymers as well as binder concentration and all the batches are evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. In first step, concentration of HPMC K4M is optimized by preparing three trial batches while in second step and third step concentration of HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M is optimized by next three-three batches respectively. Amount of HPMC is optimized to 240mg. The drug release of all the optimized HPMC batches were evaluated for in-vitro drug release study in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution in comparison with marketed formulation. Drug identification was performed by melting point determination, FTIR, UV and solubility determination. After pre-compression and post-compression evaluation we get the appropriate result in B3, B6 and B9 batches.