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The student's environmental literacy (EL) is vital to improving students' awareness of environmental issues. This study was intended to display the role of eco-school program (Adiwiyata) and non-adiwiyata schools towards EL of junior high school students by analyzing EL of students in Ponorogo. The research was conducted in March-October. The survey involved 379 students. The type of research is ex post facto. The assessment used the Middle School Environmental Literacy Survey (MSELS). The results show that the adiwiyata program is related to the increase of EL with the sig value 0.000. The higher the adiwiyata level, the higher the EL value of the environment. However, the general EL assessment in Ponorogo is still low, that more than 51% of respondents did not reach the score at level 3, which is the standard level of EL. The EL ability of junior high school students between male and female sex is different, with the sig value 0.004. All data analysis concluded that the level of students' EL was significantly influenced by school type and gender. EL of students may low due to students' lack of understanding of the environment concepts, the limited theories, and concepts transferred to students.

Learning resources and learning models are the two main components that determine learning success. Of the many learning models, Problem-based Learning (PBL) is one of the most recommended in biology learning. The purpose of this content analysis was to identify the emergence of PBL syntax in junior high school biology textbooks. The population in this study were all biology textbooks for the VII graders, while the sample was three biology textbooks that are often used by VII graders in Surakarta. As the results, the averages of each PBL step emerged in the textbooks analyzed i.e. problem-oriented activity, organizing to collect data, assisting independent investigations, artifacts presentations, and analyzed/evaluated the process of overcoming the problem were 17%, 47%, 23%, 2%, and 11%, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the biology textbooks analyzed have applied PBL learning models, yet the proportion between steps is not balanced.

Introduction: Dental procedures, including ultrasonic scaling, can generate aerosols and droplets, contaminating the dental room and spreading infectious pathogens. To prevent infection, dental associations recommend pre-procedural mouthwash. Various mouthwashes, such as povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, aloe vera extract and mouthwash with essential oil, are available, but scientific evidence is needed to evaluate the efficacy of their use as preprocedural mouthrinse. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of four commercially available mouth rinses as preprocedural rinses in reducing the number of viable bacteria in dental aerosol generated during ultrasonic scaling. Materials and methods: Twenty eight participants were chosen at random to rinse with any of the mouthwashes for 30 seconds. The mouthwashes used in this study are Betadine®, Minosep®, Listerine® and Aloclair® No dilution of mouthwash was performed throughout this study. The mouthwash is commercially available with a ready-to-use solution. While doing ultrasonic scaling, agar medium plates were placed on the patient's, dentist's, and dental assistant's chests. The plate is then incubated to count how many colonies have formed. The data collected were analyzed using two-factor ANOVA without repeated measures. Results: The mouthwash does not have any impact on the variable reduction CFU in Patient-Dentist-Dental Assistant. However, the data clearly indicates that all mouthwashes effectively decrease the amount of colonies. Conclusion: The reduction in CFU after rinse with those mouthwash highlights the significance of preprocedural mouthwash in lowering oral bacteria numbers prior to minimizing bacteria in dental aerosol formation. Therefore, pre-procedural mouthrinsemay be considered beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to discover active compounds from the leaf extract from Cratoxylum glaucum using the bioassay-guided isolation method. The multistage extraction of C. glaucum leaves was conducted using n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol. The LDH assay was employed to analyze antimalarial activity, and the Resazurin assay was used to measure cytotoxicity values. The structure of the active isolates was determined using spectroscopic techniques. The compound 1 was successfully isolated from the dichloromethane extract of C. glaucum leaves (Cg.FD) and confirmed as a prenylated xanthone namely cratoxyarborenone E. The in vitro antimalarial activity showed an IC50 value of 5.82 ± 0.04 μM, the cytotoxicity assay exhibited a CC50 value of 20.74 ± 0.04 µM, and the SI value was determined to be 3.56. Our research demonstrates that cratoxyarborenone E was first reported from Cg.FD and shows promise as a prospective candidate for new antimalarial drugs.

Hasil analisis rapor Pendidikan Kabupaten Bogor menunjukkan kualitas pembelajaran perlu ditingkatkan. Analisis rapor satuan Pendidikan SD Negeri Gorowong 02 pada tahun 2023, mengindikatorkan kemampuan literasi 60% serta kemampuan numerasi 50% dan statusnya berwarna kuning. Sehingga perlu adanya inovasi baru dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi serta kemampuan komunikasi peserta didik sekolah dasar. Sehingga penelitian berfokus pada implementasi Model Pembelajaran RADEC (Read-Answer-Discuss-Explain-Create) terhadap kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi HOTS dan Keterampilan Kemampuan Komunikasi Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan Desain Pretest-posttest control group design. Instrumen Penelitian berupa tes kemampuan HOTS, Lembar Observasi Aktivitas RADEC, Wawancara dan Angket Kuesioner. Sedangkan analis data penelitian menggunakan Uji Normalitas, Uji Peningkatan (n-Gain), dan Uji hipotesis (Uji t). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Nilai rata-rata kemampuan HOTS dan Kemampuan komunikasi peserta didik eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional, (2) Hasil N-gain kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi kelas eksperimen dikategorikan tinggi, sedangkan kelas kontrol dikategorikan sedang. Sedangkan hasil N-gain kemampuan komunikasi kelas eksperimen dikategorikan sedang, sedangkan kelas kontrol dikategorikan rendah. Temuan dalam penelitian terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan implementasi model pembelajaran RADEC terhadap kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi HOTS dan kemampuan komunikasi peserta didik.

The study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities of the leaves and stems of Artocarpus sericicarpus and to analyse the phenolic compounds in the extracts. The modified Ellman’s method was used to determine the cholinesterase inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The antioxidant properties were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS methods. The total phenolic content (TPC) was measured by spectrometric assay, and compound identification was carried out by LC-MS/MS analysis. The results showed that the leaf and stem extracts of A. sericicarpus exerted significant inhibitory effects against AChE and BChE, as well as antioxidant activities. The stem ethanolic extract exhibited the highest potency against AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 5.81 and 11.46 µg/mL, respectively. The leaf and stem ethanolic extracts gave higher antioxidant activities and TPC compared to the water-based extracts. The LC-MS/MS analysis indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, such as flavones, flavonols, flavanones, prenylated chalcones, and xanthones in the extracts.

Osteoarthritis is a disease associated with articular cartilage degradation, intra-articular area inflammation, and subchondral bone replacement. Cytokine IL-1β has a prominent function in the inflammations process that passes in the joints. The 70% ethanol extracts of deer antler (250 and 500 mg/kg BW) and glucosamine sulfate (250 kg/BW) were evaluated for four weeks in reducing cytokine IL-1β to rat model OA-induced Monosodium iodoacetate. Measurements of joint diameter in rat’s knee and hyperalgesia were performed on weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The presence of a significant difference in the stimulation thermal latency (p = 0.00) and the resulting increase in swelling of joint diameter (p = 0.00) are evidence that MIA has successfully induced the rat modeling of OA. A significant decrease in cytokine IL-Iβ levels was shown on week 3 after MIA injection (p = 0.00). Both concentrations of deer extracts significantly reduced knee joint diameter (p = 0.00), latency thermal stimulation (p = 0.00), and cytokine IL-1β levels (p = 0.00). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the 70% ethanol extract of deer antler is a potential medicine for OA therapy.

The study aims to analyze whether achievement motivation, internal locus of control, and study habits influence the learning outcomes of grade 7 students in four regions in Indonesia, namely Sumatera, Java, and Papua. Several experts and previous studies have shown that achievement motivation, locus of control, and study habits can be used as predictors and improve students’ mathematics learning outcomes. This research is a survey with a quantitative approach and was conducted at four schools in the XYZ Foundation. Data collection techniques using questionnaires distributed through Google Form link to measure students' achievement motivations, internal locus of control, and study habits on mathematics learning outcomes of 7th grade students. Data was collected from 183 respondents. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression with the IBM SPSS 25 application. Based on the result of the data analysis, the regression equation for students' achievement motivation, locus of control, and study habits on mathematics learning outcomes of 7th grade students is . Furthermore, based on the t-test result, achievement motivation with a t count of 3.961, internal locus of control with a t count of -2.994, and study habits with a t count of 1.424 are obtained. The conclusions are achievement motivation and internal locus of control partially have a positive influence and study habits do not affect the learning outcomes of grade 7 mathematics. Based on the value of , as much as 15.9% of independent variables are achievement motivation, internal locus of control, and study habits that simultaneously influence the mathematics learning outcomes of 7th grade students. Theoretical implications and implications of the research are discussed.

The use of personal protective equipment masks is an important factor in protecting workers from potential hazards while working in marble processing. Many diseases are caused by exposure to dust, especially acute respiratory infections (ARI). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the use of masks and the incidence of ARI in marble stone workers in Besole village, Besuki Tulungagung district. The design of this study is an analytic association using a cross-sectional design. The population is all marble stone workers in Besole village, Besuki Tulungagung district. The sample size is 44 respondents, the sampling technique uses purposive sampling. The independent variable of this study is the use of masks and the dependent variable is the incidence of ARI. Data collection using a questionnaire was given to marble workers in Besole Village, Besuki Tulungagung sub-district. Data analysis used the Spearman Rho statistical test with Confidence Interval (CI): of 95% or  = 0.05. The results showed that most of the respondents, 28 respondents (64%), wore masks and half of the respondents, 22 respondents (50%), had mild ARI. The statistical test results showed p value = 0.015 < α = 0.05 which means H0 was rejected so it can be stated that there is a relationship between the use of masks and the incidence of ARI in marble stone workers. The conclusion from the results of this study is the use of masks when working properly and correctly as self-protection from dust so that marble workers do not experience pain, especially ARI.

Context: Marine sources such as sponges have shown a significant impact on the drug development from nature. Metabolites isolated from sponges show diversity in terms of structural features and pharmacological properties. Several sponges have been reported to have potency as cholinesterase inhibitors as one of the target therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. Aims: To investigate the potency of marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides as cholinesterase inhibitors and to explore the chemistry of the sponge. Methods: The cholinesterase inhibitory assay was carried out against two enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), based on the modified Ellman’s method. The chemistry of the active fractions was studied by LC-MS/MS method, followed by molecular networking using GNPS. Results: The results suggested that the extract and fractions inhibited both AChE and BChE enzymes. All samples demonstrated more potent inhibition against AChE compared to BChE enzymes. The n-hexane fraction gave the strongest inhibition against both AChE and BChE, with IC50 values of 4.76 µg/mL and 6.79 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the LC-MS/MS analysis, alkaloids were detected in the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. Four alkaloids were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction, namely demethylaaptamine, aaptamine, isoaaptamine, and 8,9,9-trimethoxy-9H-benzo[de][1,6]naphthyridine at RT 1.52, 1.67, 2.92, and 3.22 mins, respectively. Aaptamine was also identified in the n-hexane fraction together with demethyloxyaaptamine. Conclusions: The extract, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions of A. suberitoides have shown promising cholinesterase inhibitory properties against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The alkaloids present in the active fractions may be responsible for the bioactivity.

AbstractThis research and development study aims to increase the use of websites in learning for elementary school students through free features of video media and learning assessments in the form of question banks and quizzes. The variables studied were the appearance, effectiveness, practicality, and satisfaction of using the features on Kejarcita website. Website revisions were conducted after validation from experts and field trials that involved 349 students and 12 teachers of SD Mahabodhi Vidya and SD Muhammadiyah 6. The expert validation result showed that the website as a learning resource is sufficient. Literacy and numeracy assessments as the indicator of effectiveness are considered quite effective with a percentage of 60% on literacy and 56% on numeracy. The website shows 82% effectiveness from the teacher's side and 81% from the students’ side. The practical results of the website are 77% from the students’ side and 79% from the teachers’ side. The satisfaction shows 79% from the teacher's side. It is concluded Kejarcita website after revision is considered effective, practical and provides user satisfaction. Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penggunaan website untuk pembelajaran anak-anak sekolah dasar dengan menggunakan fitur gratis berupa video dan asesmen dalam bentuk bank soal dan kuis. Variabel yang diteliti adalah tampilan, efektivitas, kepraktisan, dan kepuasan penggunaan fitur pada website Kejarcita. Revisi website dilakukan setelah divalidasi oleh pakar, dan uji coba lapangan melibatkan 349 siswa dan 12 guru SD Mahabodhi Vidya dan SD Muhammadiyah 6. Hasil validasi pakar menunjukkan revisi website sebagai sumber belajar sudah memadai. Asesmen belajar literasi dan numerasi siswa sebagai indikator efektivitas dinilai cukup efektif dengan persentase sebesar 60% pada asesmen literasi dan 56% pada asesmen numerasi. Efektivitas website dari sisi guru sebesar 82% sedangkan dari sisi siswa sebesar 81%. Sedangkan, kepraktisan website sebesar 77% dari sisi siswa dan 79% dari sisi guru. Kepuasan penggunaan website dari sisi guru sebesar 79%. Dapat disimpulkan website Kejarcita pasca revisi dinilai efektif, praktis dan memberikan kepuasan pada pengguna.

Technology has already had a significant impact on many aspects of life, including education. As a learning tool, the Smartphone has become indispensable for system implementation. The study's goal is to investigate how smartphones can assist students in improving their public speaking skills. The study employed classroom action research in three cycles. This study included 39 second-grade students from a junior high school in West Java. Interviews, observations, and questionnaires were used to collect qualitative data. Furthermore, quantitative data from speaking tests were obtained. According to the findings of this study, using a smartphone during a course activity can keep students' attention and interest. They also gained the confidence to speak up and actively participate in class. Furthermore, smartphones help students stay engaged while learning. The speaking test results revealed that the students' speaking abilities had improved. The mean score for students in cycle one was 70.4, 77.6 in cycle two, and 82.2 in cycle three. As a result, because smartphones are compatible with student characteristics, they can be used as a learning media to assist students in improving their speaking skills, broadening their knowledge, and developing their other English practice.

Background: Pternandra galeata belongs to the family Melastomataceae. It is a native flowering plant in Borneo Island that serve as food for monkey habitat. There has been limited study on the medicinal and chemical properties of this plant. Objectives: We investigated the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and evaluated the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Pternandra galeata stem. The total phenolic content in the sample was also determined. Methods: The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assays were performed using Ellman’s method. Two different methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method by employing gallic acid as a reference. Results: The ethanolic extract of the P. galeata stems inhibited the AChE enzyme with an IC50value of 74.62 ± 0.89 µg/mL. The sample exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay with an IC50 value of 20.21 ± 0.08 µg/mL and 7.68 ± 0.09µg/mL in the ABTS scavenging assay. The total phenolic content was 164.71 ± 3.33 mg GAE/g extract. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the P. galeata stem can be a promising cholinesterase inhibitor and antioxidant for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

Learning outcomes are an evaluation mechanism in the curriculum to achieve graduates competency standards. Student learning outcomes include cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of DJP Model based module to student learning result of class XI. The research used experimental method with pretest-posttest control group design. The research population is all of the XI MIA class of SMA Negeri 1 Geger with a total number of 192 students scattered into six classes. The sample which is taken by using simple random sampling technique resulted in two classes, namely XI MIA 3 class (experimental class using DJP Model module) which consist of 34 students and XI MIA 6 (control class using teaching material in school) which consist of 34 students. Data collection techniques are done through test (measuring cognitive learning outcomes) and non-tests (measuring affective and psychomotor learning outcomes). The research instruments used in this research were multiple choice questions, observation sheets, and documentation. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18 t-test with significance level of 0.05. The result of the analysis showed the experimental cognitive learning result of experimental class is higher (75,29 with 76,47% completeness) than control class (59,12 with 8,82% completeness) with significance level 0,000. The affective learning outcomes of experimental class were higher (89.78) than the control class (23.43) with significance level of 0.000. The experimental psychomotor learning outcomes of experimental class were higher (90.72) than control class (9,84) with a significance level of 0.000. Based on the results of the research can be concluded that the DJP Model-based Module gives positive effect on student learning outcomes of XI graders.

Cocos nucifera Linn., which contain lauric acid has been known had antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes that usually improve severe of pimple. Current study investigated optimum formula of emulgel mask based on the C. nucifera L. Extract from Kopyor coconut. Extract were tested for antibacterial against P. acnes ATCC 11827. In this research, C. nucifera L. extract of 1 and 5% were formulated as an active agent of peel off antiacne emulgel mask-containing carbomer 940 in various concentration (1% and 1.5%). The peel-off emulgel mask of C. nucifera L extract was then evaluated in terms of viscosity, pH, drying time, spreadability, and antibacterial activity. The selected formula was formula containing 5% of extract and 1% of carbomer 940. This formula had pH that suitable with skin pH 4.5–6.5, had good spreadability, and also produced highest antibacterial activity against P. acnes.

This study aimed to obtain a microbial active compound as a novel antimalarial drug from Indonesian isolates. Target-based assays were used to screen for antimalarial activity against the parasite mitochondrial, Plasmodium falciparum malate:quinone oxidoreductase (PfMQO) enzyme. In total, 1600 crude extracts, composed from 800 fungi and 800 actinomycetes extracts, were screened against PfMQO, yielding six active extracts as primary hits. After several stages of stability tests, one extract produced by Aspergillus sp. BioMCC f.T.8501 demonstrated stable PfMQO inhibitory activity. Several purification stages, including OCC, TLC, and HPLC, were performed to obtain bioactive compounds from this active extract. All purification steps were followed by an assay against PfMQO. We identified the active compound as nornidulin based on its LC-MS and UV spectrum data. Nornidulin inhibited PfMQO activity at IC50 of 51 µM and P. falciparum 3D7 proliferation in vitro at IC50 of 44.6 µM, however, it had no effect on the growth of several mammalian cells. In conclusion, we isolated nornidulin from Indonesian Aspergillus sp. BioMCC f.T.8501 as a novel inhibitor of PfMQO, which showed inhibitory activity against the proliferation of P. falciparum 3D7 in vitro.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi lisan dan tulisan siswa melalui penerapan model PBL. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan berkolaborasi dengan guru mata pelajaran biologi melalui penerapan model PBL sebagai tindakan penelitian. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MIPA 3 yang terdiri dari 10 siswa laki-laki dan 26 siswa perempuan. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 2 siklus. Setiap siklus penelitian terdiri dari tahapan perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Data penelitian meliputi: keterampilan komunikasi lisan dan tulisan siswa, keterlaksanaan sintaks, serta dokumentasi pada saat kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan deskriptif komparatif dan alnalisis kritis. Prosedur penelitian meliputi: perencaranaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dari Pra-siklus, Siklus I, dan Siklus II hasil peningkatan rata-rata keterampilan komunikasi lisan (Pra-siklus/ Siklus I/ Siklus II) sebesar (30,81%/ 54,6%/ 63,7) dan keterampilan komunikasi tulisan (29,22%/ 62,01%/ 68,06%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model PBL dapat meningkatkan keterampilan komunikasi lisan sebesar 32,89% dan tulisan sebesar 38,84%.

The aims of this research is to determine the effect of Guided Inquiry model towards Biology learning outcomes This research is quasy experiment with posttest only with non-equivalent control group. Population in this research is all students from 5 class in XI grade MIPA of SMA Negeri 8 Surakarta. Samples of this research was taken by cluster purposive sampling technique with XI MIPA 4 as the control class and XI MIPA 5 as the experiment class, with total participants in this research are 52 students. The experimental class uses Guided Inquiry model, meanwhile the control class uses conventional learning. Techniques of collecting data is using test, documentation, and observation. The research hypothesis test is using independent sample t-test assisted by SPSS 19 program with level of significance 0,05. The results showed that cognitive domain has p-value 0,00 1,673 t table; p-value affective domain 0,048 1,673 t table; p-value psychomotor domain 0,00 1,673 t table. Class who were learning through Guided Inquiry model, showed average value of learning outcomes is higher, compared to class who were learning through conventional model. The conclusion of this research is there is effect Guided Inquiry model towards Biology learning outcomes.

This study aimed to compare the sterol and triterpene profiles of two types of Solanum mammosum callus cultures, i.e., compact globular structure (CGS) and normal fine (F) calluses. The CGS callus resulted from the differentiation of the F callus culture after many years of subculturing. The growth rate, microscopic characteristics, and morphologies of the two callus types were determined and compared. Sterols and triterpenes were identified through thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography–flame ionization detection, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses. The growth rate of the CGS callus was lower than that of the F callus. Microscopic identification revealed that thick, lignin-containing cell walls formed in the CGS callus but not in the F callus. The chromatographic analysis suggested that the CGS and F callus cultures had different sterol and triterpenoid profiles. The sterols and triterpenes produced by the CGC culture were more diverse than those produced by the F callus culture.

KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GENERATIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR LOGIS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA Abstract One of the important 21st-century competencies that should be empowered is logical-thinking ability. Logical-thinking ability is one of the aspects in domain cognitive science that could not be implemented effectively in teaching and learning in the class. Then, this study was aimed to know the effectiveness of generative learning model to enhance students' logical-thinking ability. This research was also conducted by using a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The sample was taken by using simple random sampling technique. The research involved two classes which were 67 participants consist of 34 students in Class VIII.9 as an experimental group and 33 students in Class VIII.7 as a control group. The researcher used the instruments of logical-thinking ability, they were multiple choice tests with five alternative answers that have been tested for its validity and reliability. The used analysis of data is t-test by SPSS 21. The result obtained t-count value is 2.44, t-table on significant level 0.05 is 1.99, and p-value = 0.017 (p t-table, so H0 refused. This also indicates that the application of generative learning models provides a significant impact on students' logical-thinking ability. Abstrak Salah satu kemampuan penting abad 21 yang harus diberdayakan adalah kemampuan berpikir logis. Kemampuan berpikir logis adalah salah satu aspek dalam domain kognitif sains yang belum dapaat diimplementasikan dengan efektif dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran generatif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir logis siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Penelitian ini melibatkan dua kelas yang terdiri dari 67 partisipan dengan distribusi 34 siswa di Kelas VIII.9 sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 33 siswa di Kelas VIII.7 sebagai kelompok kontrol. Peneliti menggunakan instrumen kemampuan berpikir logis yaitu tes pilihan ganda dengan lima alternatif jawaban yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Uji-t menggunakan SPSS 21. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu nilai thitung adalah 2.44, ttabel dengan nilai signifikansi 5% adalah 1.99 dan p-value = 0.017 (p < 0.05). Dengan demikia dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai thitung > ttabel, sehingga H0 ditolak. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran generatif memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir logis siswa.

The logical-thinking ability is one of the important competencies of 21st century that should be empowered. It is one of the aspects in a cognitive science domain that has not been implemented effectively in teaching and learning in the class. Then, this study aimed to analyzed the influence of generative learning model to enhance students' logical-thinking ability. This study was also conducted by using a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The sample was chosen by using simple random sampling technique. This study involved two classes which had 67 participants consisting of 34 students in Class VIII.9 as an experimental group and 33 students in Class VIII.7 as a control group. The researcher used the instrument of logical-thinking ability formulated in the form of multiple choice tests with five alternative answers that had been tested for its validity and reliability. The analysis of data employed t-test using SPSS 21. The result indicated that the t-count > t-table (2.44 > 1.99) and p-value = 0.017 (p

The drying of spirituality and weakening of cohesiveness in the midst of materialistic hedonistic modern world become major challenge for the adherents of official religions in Indonesia. The practice of religions is considered too much focusing on ritual aspects. Therefore, those teachings cannot give the real meaningfulness of religious life. Consequently, some adherents of official religions begin to see other spiritual/mysticism sects. This study describes the social cohesiveness among muslims who become members of Pangestu, a spiritual-mysticism sect widely spreading among Javanese society in Indonesia. This research shows that the Pangestu in Salatiga, Central Java, can fulfill social, economic, and spiritual needs of its members. Among the underlying factors that make Pangestu succeed to meet its members' needs and expectations are the capability of the members to intensely communicate with each other through meetings and bawaraos (Jv, informal gathering), the great concern between members, good-example of leadership, the defense of Pangestu's good name, and the satisfaction in experiencing meaningfulness of religious practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran daring dalam meningkatkan kreatifitas dan inisiatif guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran di rumah di SD Bungkus. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu penelitian tindakan sekolah (PTS) dengan menggunakan model dari Elliot. Penelitian diadakan di SD Bungkus Kretek, Bantul pada tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 di masa pandemi Covid 19. Subjek penelitian adalah guru kelas 1, 2, 3, 4, dan guru kelas 5. Obyek penelitian adalah pembelajaran di rumah melalui pembelajaran daring/online dimasa pademi covid-19. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan dokumentasi serta dianalisi secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran daring dapat mengatasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran di masa pademi covid 19 melalui kreatifitas dan inisiatif guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran di rumah. Kreatifitas dan inisiatif guru mengalami peningkatan dalam pembuatan RPP sebesar 18%, pengelolaan pembelajaran daring sebesar 12%, keaktifan siswa sebesar 17% dan nilai belajar siswa sebesar 9,6% dari siklus I ke siklus II dalam pembelajaran. Setelah ada tindakan kompetensi guru secara aktif, kreatif dan inisiatif dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran dirumah, pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan lancar dalam mengahadapi wabah pandemi covid 19.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Problem Based Learning (PBL) disertai teknik fishbone diagram dan concept mapping, kreativitas, gaya belajar, dan interaksinya terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Tawangsari Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013. Sampel diambil dengan teknik cluster random sampling sebanyak 2 kelas, yaitu kelas XI IPA 2 menggunakan PBL dengan teknik fishbone diagram dan kelas XI IPA 3 menggunakan PBL dengan teknik concept mapping. Pengambilan data kreativitas dan gaya belajar dengan angket, hasil belajar kognitif dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan tes, hasil belajar afektif dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi, dan hasil belajar psikomotorik dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi dan tes. Uji normalitas dengan menggunakan uji Shapiro Wilk. Uji homogenitas menggunakan Uji Levene Statistic. Uji hipotesis menggunakan Anava tiga jalan dengan desain faktorial 2x2x2 mengunakan Software SPSS 18 for Windows. Kesimpulan penelitian ini sebagai berikut: 1) ada perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang diberi pembelajaran Biologi menggunakan model PBL disertai teknik fishbone diagram dan concept mapping pada aspek kognitif dan psikomotorik, sedangkan untuk hasil belajar afektif tidak ada; 2) tidak ada perbedaan hasil belajar antara siswa yang memiliki kreativitas tinggi dan rendah pada aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik; 3) ada perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif antara siswa yang memiliki gaya belajar kinestetik dan visual, tidak ada perbedaan pada aspek afektif dan psikomotorik; 4) ada interaksi antara pembelajaran Biologi menggunakan model PBL disertai teknik fishbone diagram dan concept mapping dengan kreativitas terhadap hasil belajar psikomotorik, sedangkan untuk hasil belajar kognitif dan afektif tidak ada; 5) ada interaksi antara pembelajaran Biologi menggunakan model PBL disertai teknik fishbone diagram dan concept mapping dengan gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar psikomotorik, sedangkan pada aspek kognitif dan afektif tidak ada; 6) tidak ada interaksi antara kreativitas dan gaya belajar terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik; 7) tidak ada interaksi antara model PBL disertai teknik fishbone diagram dan concept mapping, kreativitas dan gaya belajar siswa terhadap hasil belajar kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh model experiential learning terhadap efikasi diri dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan pada siswa di kawasan perkotaan dan kawasan perdesaan; (2) interaksi antara siswa pada kelas yang menerapkan model konvensional dengan metode praktikum dan kelas yang menerapkan model experiential learning dengan letak sekolah terhadap efikasi diri dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan; (3) interaksi antara siswa di sekolah kawasan perkotaan dan kawasan perdesaan dengan status sekolah terhadap efikasi diri dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2×2×2. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa SMA kelas X di SMA N 3 Sukoharjo, SMA Veteran 1 Sukoharjo, SMA N 1 Bulu dan SMA Kristen Kalam Kudus Sukoharjo Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Sampel terdiri dari 239 siswa SMA negeri dan swasta pada kawasan perkotaan dan perdesaan di kelas yang menggunakan model konvensional dan model experiential learning. Sampel dipilih melalui teknik cluster random sampling. Kelas X2, XA, X4, dan XD menggunakan model konvensional dan kelas X1, XB, X2, dan XB menggunakan model experiential learning. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode angket. Analisis data sesuai deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan Uji Anova dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor efikasi diri dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan siswa pada kawasan perkotaan adalah 59,63 dan pada kawasan perdesaan adalah 60,93. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah: (1) terdapat pengaruh model experiential learning terhadap efikasi diri dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan pada siswa di kawasan perkotaan dan kawasan perdesaan; (2) tidak terdapat interaksi antara siswa pada kelas yang menerapkan model konvensional dengan metode praktikum dan kelas yang menerapkan model experiential learning dengan letak sekolah terhadap efikasi diri dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan; dan (3) terdapat interaksi antara siswa di sekolah kawasan perkotaan dan kawasan perdesaan dengan status sekolah terhadap efikasi diri dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Pendahuluan: Beberapa spons dari genus Agelas telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antimikroba, namun belum ada laporan tentang aktivitas antimikroba dari Agelas cavernosa. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol dari spons Agelas cavernosa. Metode: Aktivitas antibakteri pada ekstrak ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi terhadap Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Pereaksi warna p-iodonitrotetrazolium chloride ditambahkan dalam sumuran untuk memvisualisasikan adanya bakteri hidup. Hasil: ekstrak etanol dari spons A. cavernosa menghambat pertumbuhan ketiga bakteri uji dengan aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi pada Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 dengan MIC 150 ppm. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak ethanol A. cavernosa menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri.

Many acts of terror happen recently. The spread of radicalism and terrorism is well-supported by the sophisticated media and technology. In addition, this advanced information technology is also slowly eroding the local cultures. This paper focuses on how to prevent radicalism by maintaining the local culture in Kudus regency. The method of this research is a qualitative method that uses literature study by examining some of the literatures both printed and online. The results of this study show that Kudus regency is still very strong with their local wisdom. This is shown by the Islamic local cultures which are still preserved today, those are: Dandangan, Kupatan and Syawalan, Bulusan, Kudus Mosque Minaret, Buka Luwur and Cow as Sacred Animal. Globalization tries to erode those local cultures. Nevertheless, Sunan Kudus teaching brings local wisdom of Kudus society could prevent the radicalism in this globalization era.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran model SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, and Society) dengan metode observasi laboratorium dan metode observasi lapangan, sikap ilmiah dan kreativitas siswa serta interaksi ketiganya terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dan dilaksanakan Oktober 2011 sampai bulan Juni 2012. Populasi semua siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Jatiroto, Wonogiri. Sampel penelitian diambil dengan metode cluster random sampling terdiri dari 2 kelas. Kelas VII A menggunakan model SETS dengan metode observasi laboratorium dan kelas VII B menggunakan model SETS dengan metode observasi lapangan. Data sikap ilmiah siswa dan kreativitas siswa sebagai variabel moderator diperoleh melalui angket, data prestasi belajar sebagai variabel terikat untuk aspek kognitif diperoleh melalui tes, dan data prestasi aspek afektif dan aspek psikomotor melalui lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Anava desain faktorial 2x2x2 menggunakan software komputer SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) ada pengaruh prestasi belajar antara siswa yang diberi pembelajaran biologi model SETS dengan metode observasi laboratorium dan metode observasi lapangan; (2) ada pengaruh sikap ilmiah tinggi dan sikap ilmiah rendah terhadap prestasi belajar siswa; (3) ada pengaruh antara kreativitas tinggi dan kreativitas rendah terhadap prestasi belajar siswa; (4) tidak terdapat interaksi antara model SETS dengan metode observasi laboratorium dan metode observasi lapangan dengan sikap ilmiah terhadap prestasi belajar siswa; (5) tidak terdapat interaksi antara model SETS dengan metode observasi laboratorium dan metode observasi lapangan dengan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar siswa; (6) tidak terdapat interaksi antara sikap ilmiah dan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar siswa; (7) tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode observasi laboratorium dengan metode observasi lapangan, sikap ilmiah dan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the biology materials of the eleventh grade on the material of the human excretion system on the potential of empowering students' communication skills in one of the Senior High School in Madiun Regency. The research uses the descriptive method. The Technique of collecting data with teaching material is observed potency of empowering its communication skill directly based on communication skill assessment instrument covering twelve indicators which are divided on the four aspects namely expression aspect, evaluation, response, and negotiation. The teaching materials that were analyzed included two biology books from two different publishers, especially the material of human excretion system in Basic Competence 3.9 and 4.9 from 2013 curriculum. Data analyzed uses descriptive quantitative analysis. The result of analysis shows that the potential of empowerment of communication skill in teaching materials is still low, it’s indicated by the low of indicator and the low percentage of indicator that emerged, from the twelve indicators only four indicators that emerged: the first indicator 27,3%, the third indicator 18,2%, the eighth indicator 27,3%, and the twelfth indicator 27,3%. Based on the results of the analysis can be concluded that the biology materials eleventh grade on the material excretion system used in one of the Senior High School in Madiun Regency has not the potential to empower students' communication skills.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui karakteristik modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi konten pada materi Sistem Pencernaan kelas XI; 2) Menguji kelayakan modul biologi berbasis bounded inquiry lab untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi konten pada materi Sistem Pencernaan kelas XI dan; 3) Menguji keefektivan penggunaan modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi konten pada materi Sistem Pencernaan kelas XI. Penelitian dan pengembangan modul menggunakan prosedur Borg & Gall (1983) yang telah dimodifikasi yang meliputi 10 tahap: 1) tahap penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi; 2) tahap perencanaan; 3) tahap pengembangan desain; 4) tahap uji coba lapangan awal; 5) tahap revisi produk pertama; 6) tahap uji coba lapangan utama; 7) tahap revisi produk kedua; 8) tahap uji lapangan operasional; 9) tahap revisi produk akhir dan; 10) Diseminasi dan implementasi modul. Subjek pengembangan meliputi responden uji coba lapangan awal berjumlah 4 validator ahli dan 2 praktisi, respon uji skala kecil berjumlah 10 peserta didik. Responden uji coba lapangan utama/keefektivan berjumlah 65 peserta didik yang terdiri atas 2 kelas menggunakan modul yaitu 32 peserta didik kelas XI MIA 1 dan 33 peserta didik kelas XI MIA 4. Data kemampuan literasi sains dimensi konten dianalisis dengan N-Gain ternormalisasi untuk mengetahui keefektivan modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan menunjukkan: 1) Modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dimensi konten pada materi Sistem Pencernaan dikembangkan sesuai dengan tahapan bounded inquiry lab (observasi, manipulasi, generalisasi, verifikasi, aplikasi) dan pendekatan saintifik; 2) Kelayakan modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab dikategorikan sangat baik; 3) Keefektivan modul yang dikembangkan berbasis bounded inquiry lab dibuktikan dengan uji Wilcoxon yang menunjukkan ada perbedaan dalam literasi sains dimensi konten sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan modul berbasis bounded inquiry lab memiliki probabilitas (p) sebesar 0,000 (p

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kualitas pertanyaan siswa pada penggunaan model discovery learning disertai dialog Socrates. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan subyek penelitian siswa kelas XI SMA di Surakarta Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016 yang berjumlah 26 siswa. Data kualitas pertanyaan siswa dikategorikan menjadi 3 (tinggi, sedang, rendah) yang diperoleh dari pertanyaan yang dibuat oleh siswa. Teknik non-tes digunakan untuk pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kualitas pertanyaan yang dibuat siswa pada kategori sedang sebesar 75%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pertanyaan yang dibuat oleh siswa pada penggunaan model discovery learning disertai dialog Socrates mengalami peningkatan dari kategori rendah ke kategori sedang.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asesmen dalam bahan ajar biologi terhadap potensi pemberdayaan kemampuan berkomunikasi siswa kelas XI salah satu SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Madiun. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Asesmen yang dianalisis meliputi soal pilihan ganda dan essay dalam bahan ajar biologi kelas XI dari dua penerbit yang berbeda pada materi sistem ekskresi manusia. Analisis asesmen dalam bahan ajar terhadap potensi memberdayakan kemampuan berkomunikasi menggunakan 12 indikator penilaian kemampuan berkomunikasi. Analisis data secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil analisis asesmen dalam bahan ajar didapatkan kemunculan 12 indikator yang meliputi 1) deskripsi data berbagai cara 0%, 2) deskripsi hubungan data 42,86%, 3) memaknai data berbagai cara 14,29%, 4) melihat isi materi dari berbagi sudut pandang 0%, 5) menunjukkan kebenaran data 0%, 6) membedakan fakta dan kesimpulan 0%, 7) mengklarifikasi pernyataan 0%, 8) memastikan pernyataan teman 0%, 9) merespon pernyataan teman 0%, 10) memisahkan ide 14,29%, 11) memperbaiki pendapat berdasarkan masukan teman 0%, 12) menarik kesimpulan dari berdiskusi 28,56%. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asesmen dalam bahan ajar biologi kelas XI belum memberdayakan kemampuan berkomunikasi siswa dengan optimal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disarankan perlu adanya pengembangan asesmen yang memiliki potensi pemberdayaan kemampuan berkomunikasi siswa.

Background: Secondary amenorrhea is a condition when period cycle of women with irregular menstruation disappeared within six months in a row or; when the period cycle of regular menstruation women disappeared during three months in a row. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), amenorrhea is known as Jing Bi. The patient in this study case was having secondary amenorrhea with menstrual complaints not within 3 months and 22 days after the last periods. Patient was classified as secondary amenorrhea with differentiation of Qi and blood deficiency syndrome. Purpose: To know the effect of acupuncture therapy with Sanyinjiao point (SP6), Taichong point (LR3), Zusanli point (ST36), Gui lai point (ST 29) combined with turmeric herbal therapy (Curcuma domestica Val) and klabet seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in patients with secondary amenorrhea. Methods: Treatment of this secondary amenorrhea case was using acupuncture and herbal therapy. Acupuncture therapy at acupoint Sanyinjiao (SP6), Taichong (LR3), Zusanli (ST36), and Gui Lai (ST29) with tonification principle of Qi and blood and improve menstrual flow. The herbal therapy given were turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) and fenugreek seeds (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L.), which has estrogenic effect. Results: Estrogen stimulates the lining of the uterus to remove the menstrual blood. In the treatment of secondary amenorrhea, acupuncture therapy was given 21 times, three times a week. Herbal therapy was given for 60 days, taken 2 times a day with dose of 15 grams of turmeric and 4 grams of fenugreek seeds. This therapy might help the menstrual blood exuviation. Conclusion: Acupuncture and herbal therapy can be applied continously to the patient up until regular period cycle are attained.

This study aims to determine the impact of the thesis guidance based lesson study (LS) to: 1) the acceleration of the student's accomplishment in Science Graduate Education Program UNS; and 2) the applicability of the implementation of problem based learning model. The method used in tne research was qualitative-descriptive. The population is all students of Semester 3rd in the Academic Year 2012/2013 at Postgraduate Science Education Program UNS. Samples were selected by purposive sampling as researchers’ guidance student (M) which included 4 students with the different background and occupation, namely: 1) M.1: undergraduate student of biology education and working as a teacher at SMP Negeri Surakarta with 10 years of teaching experience; 2) M.2: undergraduate student of biology education and working as a private high school teacher in Surakarta with 13 years of teaching experience; 3) M.3: undergraduate student of biology education is a fresh graduate and have not been taught; 4) M.4: undergraduate student of natural biology and working as a lecturer at the Academy of Private Nursing in Surakarta. Descriptive qualitative methods are used to seeing the impact of the use of the guidance of a thesis-based lesson study to accelerating student study completion. The data collection technique is a technique test and non-test using a questionnaire, observation and documentation. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively qualitative and presented in tabular form. The results showed: 1) Guidance LS-based thesis has an effective effect on the acceleration of the completion of studies students at UNS Graduate Science Education Program at (22.2%); and 2) Guidance based thesis can reduce students’ difficulties in research so that the problem based learning model can be implemented fluently.

Learning needs to be considered internal factors of students, such as problem-solving ability that are very important for students and their future. The result of the test of the students of grade X IPA 4 SMA Negeri 8 Surakarta on Biology subject matter of environmental pollution, problem solving ability is low. This is limited to the results of learning is still product-oriented, which is limited to the application of conceptual learning with rote. Learning model used in overcoming the problem is model Problem Based Learning accompanied by Dialog Soctares (PBLDS). This study aims to determine the influence and interaction of PBLDS in terms of problem solving to affective, cognitive and psychomotor student’ achievement. Subjects in this study were students of class x SMA Negeri 8 Surakarta. This study was included in a quasi experiment using a post-test control design. The data generated in this study were analyzed using anava test. The research instruments used were observation sheets and multiple choice tests. The results showed that the influence and model model of PBLDS viewed from the results of problem solving ability affective, cognitive and psychomotor learning results. This can be seen from the results of the anova test shows a significance value of less than 0.05.