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cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that uses ryptography for security and operates independently of a entral bank. Its decentralized nature allows for secure and transparent transactions, making it an appealing alternative to traditional fiat currencies. Cryptocurrencies uses block chain technology, which is a distributed ledger that records all transactions on a network of computers. Bit coin was the first cryptocurrency to gain widespread attention, but today there are thousands of different crypto currencies with varying degrees of popularity and acceptance. Despite their potential benefits, cryptocurrencies are subject to volatility, regulatory uncertainty, and security risks, which have led to debates about their future role in the global economy. In this paper we are going to discuss different fraud prospects in cryptocurrency investment faces by users. Here we are listed possible scams happened in past and possibilities in future with cryptocurrency fund. Even we tried to discuss recent available detection & prevention methods for such scams. With the help of our future research perspective we are planning to provide technique to prevent such different scams and saving our valuable money.

Objective: Immediately after the outbreak of nCoV, many clinical trials are registered for COVID-19. The numbers of registrations are now raising inordinately. It is challenging to understand which research areas are explored in this massive pool of clinical studies. If such information can be compiled, then it is easy to explore new research studies for possible contributions in COVID-19 research. Methods: In the present work, a text-mining technique of artificial intelligence is utilized to map the research domains explored through the clinical trials of COVID-19. With the help of the open-- source and graphical user interface-based tool, 3007 clinical trials are analyzed here. The dataset is acquired from the international clinical trial registry platform of WHO. With the help of hierarchical cluster analysis, the clinical trials were grouped according to their common research studies. These clusters are analyzed manually using their word clouds for understanding the scientific area of a particular cluster. The scientific fields of clinical studies are comprehensively reviewed and discussed based on this analysis. Results: More than three-thousand clinical trials are grouped in 212 clusters by hierarchical cluster analysis. Manual intervention of these clusters using their individual word-cloud helped to identify various scientific areas which are explored in COVID19 related clinical studies. Conclusion: The text-mining is an easy and fastest way to explore many registered clinical trials. In our study, thirteen major clusters or research areas were identified in which the majority of clinical trials were registered. Many other uncategorized clinical studies were also identified as “miscellaneous studies”. The clinical trials within the individual cluster were studied, and their research purposes are compiled comprehensively in the present work.

Objective: To study the prevalence and variety of cervical squamous intra-epithelial lesions (SIL) by Pap smear screening as an indicator of suspected HPV infection among HIV-infected women in Surat, Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: All consecutive asymptomatic HIV seropositive women 18 years and older and attending the Anti-Retroviral Therapy Centre at New Civil Hospital, Surat, India between October 2009 to September 2011 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Participants constituted 439 asymptomatic HIV seropositive women receiving care at the ART centre underwent detailed history taking, physical examination and Pap smear screening. Results: The incidence of SIL was 8.7% (38/439) in the participants. Further, statistical significance (p value > 0.05) was observed in parity more than two, lost their husband, duration of marriage more than 10 years and CD4 count greater than 250. Conclusion: An association between HIV infection with pre-invasive changes in the cervical epithelium is noted. Early detection and prompt treatment of these changes after a thorough understanding of the natural history of disease in these women would go a long way in improving the survival as well as the quality of life in this increasing seropositive younger population. Keywords: PLWH, SIL, Pap smear, HPV, HIV, ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL.

Data on medium-term outcomes in indivduals with myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination are scarce. We aimed to assess clinical outcomes and quality of life at least 90 days since onset of myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents and young adults.In this follow-up surveillance study, we conducted surveys in US individuals aged 12-29 years with myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, for whom a report had been filed to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System between Jan 12 and Nov 5, 2021. A two-component survey was administered, one component to patients (or parents or guardians) and one component to health-care providers, to assess patient outcomes at least 90 days since myocarditis onset. Data collected were recovery status, cardiac testing, and functional status, and EuroQol health-related quality-of-life measures (dichotomised as no problems or any problems), and a weighted quality-of-life measure, ranging from 0 to 1 (full health). The EuroQol results were compared with published results in US populations (aged 18-24 years) from before and early on in the COVID-19 pandemic.Between Aug 24, 2021, and Jan 12, 2022, we collected data for 519 (62%) of 836 eligible patients who were at least 90 days post-myocarditis onset: 126 patients via patient survey only, 162 patients via health-care provider survey only, and 231 patients via both surveys. Median patient age was 17 years (IQR 15-22); 457 (88%) patients were male and 61 (12%) were female. 320 (81%) of 393 patients with a health-care provider assessment were considered recovered from myocarditis by their health-care provider, although at the last health-care provider follow-up, 104 (26%) of 393 patients were prescribed daily medication related to myocarditis. Of 249 individuals who completed the quality-of-life portion of the patient survey, four (2%) reported problems with self-care, 13 (5%) with mobility, 49 (20%) with performing usual activities, 74 (30%) with pain, and 114 (46%) with depression. Mean weighted quality-of-life measure (0·91 [SD 0·13]) was similar to a pre-pandemic US population value (0·92 [0·13]) and significantly higher than an early pandemic US population value (0·75 [0·28]; p0·0001). Most patients had improvements in cardiac diagnostic marker and testing data at follow-up, including normal or back-to-baseline troponin concentrations (181 [91%] of 200 patients with available data), echocardiograms (262 [94%] of 279 patients), electrocardiograms (240 [77%] of 311 patients), exercise stress testing (94 [90%] of 104 patients), and ambulatory rhythm monitoring (86 [90%] of 96 patients). An abnormality was noted among 81 (54%) of 151 patients with follow-up cardiac MRI; however, evidence of myocarditis suggested by the presence of both late gadolinium enhancement and oedema on cardiac MRI was uncommon (20 [13%] of 151 patients). At follow-up, most patients were cleared for all physical activity (268 [68%] of 393 patients).After at least 90 days since onset of myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, most individuals in our cohort were considered recovered by health-care providers, and quality of life measures were comparable to those in pre-pandemic and early pandemic populations of a similar age. These findings might not be generalisable given the small sample size and further follow-up is needed for the subset of patients with atypical test results or not considered recovered.US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Background: Reading every clinical trial for any disease is tedious, as is determining the current progress, especially when the number of clinical trials is huge. The Text Mining Platform of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help to simplify the task. Methods: A large pool of tuberculosis clinical trials has been searched through the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP) and used as a textual dataset. The exported dataset of 1635 clinical studies, in a comma-separated format, is preprocessed for data analysis and text mining. Data preparation, corpus generation, text preprocessing, and finally, cluster analysis were carried out using the textmining widget of the open-source machine learning tool. The hierarchical cluster analysis was used for mapping research interests in tuberculosis clinical trials. Result and Conclusion: The data mining of the exported dataset of tuberculosis clinical trials uncovered interesting facts in terms of numbers. Text mining presented a total of 41 hierarchical clusters that were further mapped in twenty-five (25) different research interests among tuberculosis clinical trials. A novel technique for the rapid and practical review of major clinical trials is demonstrated. As an open-source and GUI-based tool is used for work, any researcher with working knowledge of text mining may also use this technique for other clinical trials.

Aim: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical disorders found in pregnancy, associated with significant metabolic alterations, increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Objective was to found out the incidence, risk factor of GDM and outcomes in antenatal. Materials and Method: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 7 months. Total 246 pregnant women between 24th to 28th weeks gestation were screened for GDM by DIPSI method. Results: Total 10 patients were diagnosed with GDM out of 246 antenatal. The incidence of GDM was found to be 4.06 %. Risk factors of GDM such as age ≥25years (30%), BMI ≥25 (30%), parity ≥ 3 (30%) were showed significant correlation in study. The most common maternal outcome was macrosomia followed by IUGR. Approximately 98% of the women had experienced one or more complains during the term of pregnancy. Anaemia (98.37%) was major complain followed by urinary tract infection 0.40% and non obstetric morbidities included vomiting 2.43%, pain in abdomen 9.34%, Diarrhea 1.62%, Cough 2.03% and fever 2.03%. Conclusion: GDM is the most common metabolic complication in pregnancy that causes fetal mortality and morbidity. Parity, age, Body Mass Index (BMI) shows statistically significant correlation (P KEYWORDS : Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Incidence, Risk factor, Maternal and Fetal outcome.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile devices that can communicate with each other and forming a temporary network without requiring any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. The nodes of MANETs are always susceptible to compromise. In such scenario, designing a secure routing protocol has been a major challenge for last many years. In this paper, we propose Node Trust Path Trust Secure AODV routing protocol (NTPTSAODV) to enhance the security for MANETs through a new approach 2-tier trust based model for Intrusion Detections (IDs) techniques. To implement NTPTSAODV, Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been modified for making it secure and thwart black hole attacks. In order to make result more accurate, performance of NTPTSAODV, AODV and black hole detection AODV (BDAODV) was tested in presence of multiple attacker cases and after observations of performance analysis, it can be concluded that NTPTSAODV is capable of delivering packets even in the presence of malicious nodes in the network. To evaluate the network performance, packet delivery ratio (PDR), Average End-to-End Delay (AED), Average Throughput (AT) and routing overhead are considered criteria.

Tomato early blight occurs worldwide and it is prevalent wherever tomatoes are grown. Alternaria solani Sorauer, the causal agent, has been recognized as a serious foliar pathogen of tomato and there are very few cultivars which possess resistance against early blight. Alternaric acid is the major toxin of A. solani. In this study, alternaric acid and fungal culture filtrate were used as an elicitor in NDT-96 (tolerant) and GP-5 (susceptible) tomato varieties in order to study and compare their abilities to induce defense-related enzymes, viz., catalase, peroxidase, β-1,3 glucanase, phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase and polyphenol-oxidase (PPO) along with total phenols, and total soluble proteins. NDT-96 showed a rapid induction of all these pathogenesis-related enzymes except catalase along with total phenols as compared to GP-5 with both the treatments. Differential expression of total soluble proteins revealed higher protein content in NDT-96 as compared with GP-5. A 49.48 kDa protein was observed to be absent in GP-5. In addition, 25 microsatellite markers (SSR) were screened for polymorphisms among the above mentioned two tomato varieties. Of these, SSR 286 revealed a significant polymorphic band of 108 bp in NDT-96.

The effect of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria was studied on salt stress in a local paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety GJ-17. Plants inoculated with endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes showed significantly higher concentration of glycine betaine-like quaternary compounds and higher shoot biomass at lower salinity levels. While at higher salinity levels, mixture of both P. pseudoalcaligenes and Bacillus pumilus showed better response against the adverse effects of salinity. However, accumulation of proline showed an opposite trend against plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatment in salinity stress. Proline concentration increased with salinity but decreased in plants inoculated with either of the PGPRs or mixture of both P. pseudoalcaligenes and B. pumilus. The present study shows that inoculation of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) with a mixture of endophytic and rhizospheric bacteria could serve as a useful tool for alleviating salinity stress.

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is one of the common medical disorders in pregnancy in the developing world, which affect both the mother and the newborn and subsequent child and later adult. Aims & Objective: This study is undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of parenteral iron sucrose complex therapy in iron deficiency anaemia in antenatal and postnatal women. Material and Methods: 110 consecutive pregnant women between 16-36 weeks of gestation and postnatal women, diagnosed as cases of Iron deficiency anaemia with Hb level 5-8 gm%, who were seen from May 2009 to April 2011 in our Hospital, were included in the study. All the patients received Iron Sucrose Complex in infusion form with the aim to correct the iron deficiency as well as to replenish the iron stores. The aim was to bring her Hb level to 10gm%. Result were analyzed in terms of the safety& efficacy. Results: Intravenous iron sucrose is effective in achieving target Hb of 10g/dl in 80% of patients. It shows that of IV iron sucrose significantly (P